CN103493728A - Sterile line selective-breeding and hybrid breeding method of pest-resistant and low-gossypol natural colored cotton - Google Patents
Sterile line selective-breeding and hybrid breeding method of pest-resistant and low-gossypol natural colored cotton Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sterile line selective-breeding and hybrid breeding method of pest-resistant and low-gossypol natural colored cotton. The sterile line selective-breeding and hybrid breeding method is characterized in that low-gossypol Shandong cotton-12 as a female parent and pest-resistant Shandong cotton research center (SCRC)-21 as a male parent are subjected to hybridization matching, and in the F2 generation group, plants of which cotyledons, stems and leaves do not contain gossypol are selected and a low-gossypol cotton line 8HN538 is obtained after continuous selfing plantation of the plants for 3-4 generations; a pest-resistant genic male sterile line variety Shandong RH-1 as a female parent and a nut-brown low-gossypol natural colored cotton parent 00S17 as a male parent are subjected to hybridization matching, pest-resistant plants in the F2 generation group are retained, and male fertile low-gossypol cotton plants are selected and are used for pollination on low-gossypol cotton male sterile plants; nut-brown cotton offspring is selected and retained; a continuous selective-hybridization process is carried out until the 4th generation so that a pest-resistant low-gossypol natural colored cotton genic male sterile line 0-173-3A is obtained; and the low-gossypol cotton line 8HN538 having pest resistance as a male parent and the pest-resistant low-gossypol natural colored cotton genic male sterile line 0-173-3A as a female parent are subjected to hybridization matching plantation so that the pest-resistant and low-gossypol natural colored cotton hybrid is obtained. The pest-resistant and low-gossypol natural colored cotton hybrid has a high yield, good fiber quality and a stable and uniform color, does not contain gossypol in cotton seeds, and greatly improves a comprehensive utilization value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cotton breeding technical field, be specifically related to the color cotton sterile line breeding of a kind of pest-resistant low phenol and hybrid breeding method.
Background technology
Cotton is in the world important fiber oil crop, and cotton fiber is the important source material of textile industry.General cotton culture kind makes except can directly utilizing cotton fiber because having a large amount of bodies of gland, to the cottonseed with important nutritive value need to spend a large amount of financial resources, manpower carries out could utilizing after detoxification treatment.Low-phenol cotton is a kind of cotton type of glandless, gossypol content in its kind of benevolence is lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) and FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) (AFO) specified standard (0.004%) and national standard (0.002%), the gossypol of low phenol cotton variety because containing utmost point low content, the oil that cotton seed benevolence is squeezed out can directly eat, cotton protein can be used as food, cotton seed hull can be used as the high-quality culture medium raw material of edible mushroom, browse can be used as feed etc., so cultivate low phenol cotton variety, be that the cotton seed selection is become to the collection fiber, the most economical effective approach of oil plant and the Trinitarian crop of grain.To DEVELOPMENT OF COTTON production, improve the aspects such as nutrition condition plant cotton benefit, to improve people important meaning arranged.
Cotton area is planted more than 6,000,000 hectares by China, produce 9000000 tons of left and right of cottonseed per year, if wherein 1/2 is low-phenol cottonseed, to contain protein 40%, in the situation that do not increase cultivated area, just can obtain 1,600,000 tons of pure high-quality proteins in left and right every year, and this is to enriching China's protein resource, improve people's diet structure, promote the development of aquaculture that positive meaning is arranged.The oil that low-phenol cottonseed is squeezed out simultaneously is not containing gossypol, do not need refining, decolouring, can improve oil yield and reduce costs, and the quality of oil is high, and color is all good, is rich in linoleic acid (61.9%), the content of unsaturated fatty acid is higher than soya-bean oil, peanut oil and sesame oil, often eat and can reduce the cholesterol in blood, reduce atherosclerotic, prevent and treat hypertension.In addition, low-phenol cotton can be directly as the by product of feed, can directly be used as feed after pulverizing, and protein and content of mineral substances be all higher than wheat straw and potato seedling, lysine content enriches, higher 1.5 times than corn, wheat.The low gossypol cotton seed cake is as feed stripped, not only nutritious, good palatability, and have no side effect, with the feed ratio that soybean cake commonly used is the master, cost is low, high efficiency.In addition, with low gossypol cotton seed, replace soybean to make soy sauce, look is just being distinguished the flavor of good, and cost is lower than soybean 35% left and right; Cultivate the edible mushrooms such as mushroom, flat mushroom, white fungus, woodear with the low-phenol cottonseed shell, output is high, quality good; Low gossypol cotton seed is applied to the symptoms such as clinical treatment chronic diarrhea, hyperlipoprotememia, diabetes, demonstrates certain medical value.
Color cotton refers to the cotton of cotton fiber with natural colour.With natural color, on cotton weaving manufacture, can remove the processes such as bleaching, sterilization, dyeing from due to itself, the pollution that has alleviated fabrication processes, become green product truly.Natural color cotton not only can improve economic benefit and the social benefit of textile industry greatly, and along with developing rapidly of science and technology and improving constantly of people's lives demand, environmental consciousness, concept of health, color cotton will become a new industry, create good environment for the further investigation of Breeding of Color Cotton and the enforcement of industrialization, there is important researching value and wide exploitation prospect.
Color cotton is the most competitive fashionable product of 21 century.But because China is not the original producton location of cotton, the planting technology cotton about coloured silk is from external introduction, implantation time in China is not very long, and cultivated area is very little, only have the ground such as Xinjiang to produce a bit, so let us do also not enoughly to the color cotton preferably work of eliminating, cause up to the present, the shortcomings such as the coloured silk cotton of China exists kind single, and color cotton color and luster is dim, unstable, fiber quality is poor, yield poorly, be difficult to directly be utilized.In addition, due to also prematurity of planting technology, color cotton resistance to insects is poor, so also inevitably adopted the planting patternss the same with common cotton such as fertilising, laxative, does not accomplish fully pollution-free.Therefore how solving the drawbacks such as color cotton color and luster is dim, unstable, fiber quality is poor, yield poorly is a problem of needing in the industry solution badly, perhaps will open up a new approach for the cotton comprehensive utilization and utilize color cotton to combine with low-phenol cotton, through retrieval, also have no technical research or the report of the maturation that relevant color cotton can combine with low-phenol cotton in addition.
Summary of the invention
For the existing deficiency of prior art, the present invention proposes the color cotton sterile line breeding of a kind of pest-resistant low phenol and hybrid breeding method, this breeding method take full advantage of the color cotton male sterile line of low phenol have sterile degree high, comprehensive good, coordinate force is high, the characteristics of fiber colour stable and consistent, by itself and color cotton hybridization, the color cotton crossbreed output of the low phenol obtained is high, product are of fine quality, the color and luster stable and consistent, cottonseed is not containing gossypol, comprehensive utilization value improves greatly, and this breeding method breeding cost is low, efficiency is high, there is economic benefit and social benefit preferably.
The color cotton sterile line breeding of a kind of pest-resistant low phenol of the present invention and hybrid breeding method are achieved by the following technical measures:
(1) grind No. 21 for the paternal hybrid combo, plantation F for maternal with Insect Resistant Cotton Shandong cotton cotton No. 12 with the low-phenol cotton Shandong
1colony, obtain F after maturation
2generation, plantation F
2in generation, seedling stage is to F
2carry out the resistance to insects evaluation for colony, select F
2for cotyledon, stem, leaf in colony, all without the plant of phenol, selfing planted for 3～4 generations continuously, and being bred as low-phenol cotton is 8HN538;
(2) be maternal with pest-resistant caryon sterile line kind Shandong RH-1 and the color cotton parent 00S17 of the low phenol of dark-brown is the paternal hybrid combo, plantation F
1colony, obtain F after maturation
2generation, plantation F
2in generation, seedling stage is to F
2carry out the resistance to insects evaluation for colony, retain F
2for plant pest-resistant in colony, select the low-phenol cotton plant that can educate in pest-resistant plant, give low-phenol cotton sterile strain pollination;
(3) the middle F of step (2) seed selection
2after cotton boll blowing in colony, observe the fiber color of fertile plant and sterile strain, select fertile plant and sterile strain fiber color to be dark-brown offspring and retain;
(4) interior fertile plant is gone to continuously to sterile strain pollination in the offspring of the final seed selection of step (3), and observed sterile plant rate and fiber color, to the 4th generation, be bred as the color cotton caryon sterile line 0-173-3A of pest-resistant low phenol;
(5) utilizing the pest-resistant low-phenol cotton selected in step (1) is that 8HN538 is the color cotton caryon sterile line 0-173-3A of the low phenol selected in male parent and step (4) and does female parent and hybridized the combo plantation, and the crossbreed of acquisition is the colored crossbreed of low phenol.
Wherein in the present invention, above step (1) is screened in sterile strain pollinating process, all resisting the characteristic of disease young plant to selfing and the interior fertile plant of row in step (4), and wherein, disease resistance is carried out in Infected Field, selects individual plant or plant that anti-blight is good.
Wherein in the present invention, above step (1) is given in sterile strain pollinating process preferably under with per hectare 4.5 ten thousand strain density to fertile plant in the selfing in step (4) and row, boll per plant is more than 10, Dan Lingchong >=4.0 grams, the male sterile line ginning outturn is more than 36%, the plant of low-phenol cotton ginning outturn more than 40%.
Wherein in the present invention, the resistance screening methods in above step (1) or step (2) is as follows: when slice leaf period of Cotton Seedling-Growth to 1～3, with 4% kanamycin sulfate solution, spread upon on seedling leaves, within seven days, observe and smear blade afterwards, the seedling of blade flavescence is extracted, retained the cotton seedling of normal growth.
Useful technique effect of the present invention is:
(1) the color cotton male sterile line of the low phenol selected have sterile rate up to 50.6%, the characteristics of fiber colour stable and consistent, can be widely used in the screening of the color cotton crossbreed of low phenol, breeding cost is lower by 40% than the manual production of hybrid seeds, has improved and has been hybridized to power and hybrid seed yield.。
(2) the color cotton hybrid seed of low phenol that the present invention produces refers to be greater than 11g, seed is emerged greatly, the time of infertility, growing way was sane, output is high, before frost, the flower rate is more than 95.0%, and before average yield per mu unginned cotton, the front unginned cotton of frost, gined cotton, frost, gined cotton grinds No. 28 volume increase 6.9%, 6.8%, 1.3% and 0.4% than Shandong cotton respectively.
(3) the low phenol color cotton fiber journey light brown color and luster stable and consistent that the color cotton crossbreed of low phenol that the present invention produces obtains, fibre length is greater than 29mm, and specific strength is greater than 30cN/tex, mic value is greater than 3.7, product are of fine quality, and do not contain gossypol in cottonseed, and comprehensive utilization value improves greatly.
(4) plant of the color cotton crossbreed of low phenol that the present invention produces is compared common cotton plant anti-blight more, anti-verticillium wilt, high resistance helicoverpa armigera.
As can be seen here, the present invention compared with prior art, has substantive distinguishing features and progress, and the beneficial effect of its enforcement is also apparent.
Embodiment
For clearly demonstrating the present invention program's technical characterstic, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.
Embodiment:
Selection parent:
Cotton No. 12 of Shandong: [Peng Dongchang, in Kingsoft, Wang Guangming etc. the cotton No. 12 kind brief introductions in low-phenol cotton Shandong, Cotton, 1994,21 (1): 21], cotton No. 12 (former strain Shandong is without 403), Shandong, be that the Shandong cotton is studied carefully center incubation in 1992, and in May, 1993 is through Shandong Province's Crop breed audit.The 135 days time of infertility, principal length 32mm, fineness 578om/g, brute force 3.889, breaking length 22.gkm, mature coefficient 1.63.Plant height 94cm, bell weighs 5.39 g, ginning outturn 37.5%, seed refers to 10.9 g.Plant the benevolence composition, within 2 years, measure through academy of agricultural sciences, Shandong Province central laboratory, containing protein 45.01%, crude fat 31.2%, free gossypol amount 0.008%, significantly lower than international and China's sanitary standard.
The Shandong cotton is ground No. 21: [Li Ruzhong, Wang Zongwen, Wang Jinghui etc. stable high yield extensively suitable Mature Cotton New Variety Shandong cotton grinds 21, Cotton, 2005,32(11): 22-37], it is the Normal insect-resistant cotton new varieties that Shandong Cotton Research Center and the cooperation seed selection of biotechnology research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences form that the Shandong cotton is ground No. 21 (former code name Shandong 1138, GK34), authorize in March, 2005 by Shandong Province, and authorize in April, 2005 by country.In 126～133 days time of infertility, bell weighs 5.8～6.3 g, ginning outturn 41.1%～41.6%, and seed refers to 11.2～11.6 g.2.5% fiber span length 29.8 mm, specific strength 21.0cN/tex, micron value 4.4; The examination of provinces and regions, Shandong, 2.5% fiber span length 30.7mm, specific strength 21.7 cN/tex, micron value 4.7.The lepidoptera pests such as high resistance helicoverpa armigera, high resistance cotton wilt, anti-verticillium wilt.
The bent brightness English of Shandong RH-1:[, Sui Yujun, Guo Sandui. transgenic pest-resistant hybrid cotton Shandong RH-1, China seed industry, 2002, (2): 50], Shandong RH-1 is the bollworm-resistance hybrid cotton combination of the Shandong Province seed management master station cotton heterosis utilization cooperative groups seed selection of taking the lead.National Insect Resistant Cotton regional test is participated in this combination in 1997-1998 years, within 1999, participates in the whole nation and Shandong Province's production test.April calendar year 2001 is by Shandong Province's crop varietal approval committee.The kernel sterility dual serial 21A that this kind utilizes anti-A1 caryon sterile line to make new advances for the basic material seed selection.Make female parent with 21A, the GK-18 of biotechnology research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences choosing system makes male parent, is measured the screening of generation variety comparative test, the insect-resistant hybrid cotton variety of incubation through combination.Medium variety, 129 days breeding times, plant height 100cm left and right, the heavy 5.9g of bell, ginning outturn 40%, seed refers to 10.6g.2.5% span length 29.42mm, regularity 49.6%, specific strength 20.6cN/tex, micron value 4.4, tensile stretch 6%, reflectivity 75.8%.
00S17:[discipline man China, Li Hongqin, Wang Ende etc., colored low-phenol cotton strain and breeding hybridized, China seed industry, 2002, (2): 50], select the low phenol variant of 1 strain the chicken foot leaf color cotton parent who preserves from me in 1997,1999 in the selfing purifying, hybridize the low phenol Insect Resistant Cotton strain of colour that the directive breeding Comprehensive Traits is good with itself and good Insect Resistant Cotton parent.Test density per hectare 5.25 ten thousand strains left and right, fiber quality is the HVI standard, the individual plant bell is several 6.6, the heavy 3.6g of bell, ginning outturn 19.5%, seed refers to 8.9g.2.5% span length 24.4mm, specific strength 14.6cN/tex, micron value 2.8.
Breed breeding:
In July, (1) 2005, grind 21 hybridization with Insect Resistant Cotton Shandong cotton cotton No. 12 with the low-phenol cotton Shandong, plant F in Hainan winter
1generation, 2006, at F
2in generation, at first carry out the resistance to insects evaluation, then select cotyledon, stem, leaf all without 36 of the plant of phenol, educate through Nan Fanbei 2006 winter～2008 year, and continuously 3 generations of selfing, being bred as low-phenol cotton is 8HN538.
17.6 of the 8HN538 boll per plants obtained, ginning outturn 42.7%, bell weighs 5.52 grams, 2.5% span length 32.33mm, specific strength 33.3.0cN/tex, mic value 4.0.
(2) 2006 years, with pest-resistant caryon sterile line kind Shandong RH-1 and the color cotton parent 00S17 hybridization of the low phenol of dark-brown, planted F in Hainan winter
1generation.
(3) 2007 years, at first to F
2carry out the resistance to insects evaluation for colony, then in pest-resistant colony, select 56 low-phenol cotton plant that can educate to 56 sterile strain strains of low-phenol cotton, the strain pollination to be kept.
(4) after cotton boll blowing, observe the fiber color of (3) middle fertile plant and sterile strain, result is that 12 fertile plants and sterile strain fiber color are dark-brown.
12 offsprings in (5) 2007 years winter～2009 pair steps (4) are gone interior fertile plant continuously to sterile strain pollination, and observe sterile plant rate and fiber color, to 2010, are bred as the color cotton caryon sterile line 0-173-3A of pest-resistant low phenol.
The color cotton caryon sterile line 0-173-3A high resistance helicoverpa armigera of the pest-resistant low phenol obtained, sterile plant rate 50.6%, plant and seed be without phenol, 12.8 of boll per plants, ginning outturn 36.2%, bell weighs 4.24 grams, 2.5% span length 27.34mm, specific strength 26.3cN/tex, mic value 3.34.
(6) 2010 year winter was that 8HN538 does male parent and the color cotton caryon sterile line 0-173-3A of low phenol does hybridization of female parent, the hybrid combination of acquisition (8HN538 * 0-173-3A) with pest-resistant low-phenol cotton.
Wherein, in order to improve Breeding Effect, in selfing in step (1)～(5) and row, fertile plant in sterile strain pollinating process, all preferentially resisting characteristic of disease, yield traits and quality trait, screened by good plant, wherein, disease resistance is carried out in Infected Field, selects individual plant or plant that anti-blight is good; Yield traits is investigated the knot bell, and under per hectare 4.5 ten thousand strain density, boll per plant is more than 10, Dan Lingchong >=4.0 grams, and the male sterile line ginning outturn is more than 36%, and the low-phenol cotton ginning outturn is standard more than 40%.
Resistance screening methods in step (1) and step (3) is as follows: at Cotton Seedling-Growth to 1～3 leaf period, with 4% kanamycin sulfate solution, spread upon on seedling leaves, within seven days, observe and smear blade afterwards, the seedling of blade flavescence is extracted, retain the cotton seedling of normal growth.
Variety comparative test:
2011, before the hybrid combination obtained by above breeding method (8HN538 * 0-173-3A) average yield per mu unginned cotton, frost, unginned cotton, gined cotton, the front gined cotton of frost are 232.4kg, 222.8kg, 87.4kg and 83.0kg, grind No. 28 volume increase 6.9%, 6.8%, 1.3% and 0.4% than Shandong cotton respectively; Fibre length 29.25mm, specific strength 30.2cN/tex, mic value 3.63.
This hybridization kind mid-early maturity kind, its characteristic is the fiber light brown, emerges, and the time of infertility, growing way was sane, and plant, seed be without phenol, the medium blade size; 127 days breeding times, plant height 111cm, plant turriform, the first 7.5 of fruit branch joint positions, several 14.1 of fruit branch, 17.2 of boll per plants, the heavy 5.3g of bell, bell oval; Ginning outturn 37.6% before frost, seed refers to 11.6g, flower rate 95.9% before frost; Anti-blight, anti-verticillium wilt, high resistance helicoverpa armigera.
Claims (4)
1. the color cotton sterile line breeding of pest-resistant low phenol and hybrid breeding method, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) grind No. 21 for the paternal hybrid combo, plantation F for maternal with Insect Resistant Cotton Shandong cotton cotton No. 12 with the low-phenol cotton Shandong
1colony, obtain F after maturation
2generation, plantation F
2in generation, seedling stage is to F
2carry out the resistance to insects evaluation for colony, select F
2for cotyledon, stem, leaf in colony, all without the plant of phenol, selfing planted for 3～4 generations continuously, and being bred as low-phenol cotton is 8HN538;
(2) be maternal with pest-resistant caryon sterile line kind Shandong RH-1 and the color cotton parent 00S17 of the low phenol of dark-brown is the paternal hybrid combo, plantation F
1colony, obtain F after maturation
2generation, plantation F
2in generation, seedling stage is to F
2carry out the resistance to insects evaluation for colony, retain F
2for plant pest-resistant in colony, select the low-phenol cotton plant that can educate in pest-resistant plant, give low-phenol cotton sterile strain pollination;
(3) the middle F of step (2) seed selection
2after cotton boll blowing in colony, observe the fiber color of fertile plant and sterile strain, select fertile plant and sterile strain fiber color to be dark-brown offspring and retain;
(4) interior fertile plant is gone to continuously to sterile strain pollination in the offspring of the final seed selection of step (3), and observed sterile plant rate and fiber color, to the 4th generation, be bred as the color cotton caryon sterile line 0-173-3A of pest-resistant low phenol;
(5) utilizing the pest-resistant low-phenol cotton selected in step (1) is that 8HN538 is the color cotton caryon sterile line 0-173-3A of the low phenol selected in male parent and step (4) and does female parent and hybridized the combo plantation, and the crossbreed of acquisition is the colored crossbreed of low phenol.
2. the color cotton sterile line breeding of a kind of pest-resistant low phenol according to claim 1 and hybrid breeding method, it is characterized in that: step (1) is screened in sterile strain pollinating process, all resisting the characteristic of disease young plant to selfing and the interior fertile plant of row in step (4), wherein, the disease resistance screening is carried out in Infected Field, selects individual plant or plant that anti-blight is good.
3. the color cotton sterile line breeding of a kind of pest-resistant low phenol according to claim 1 and hybrid breeding method, it is characterized in that: step (1) to fertile plant in the selfing in step (4) and row in sterile strain pollinating process preferably under with per hectare 4.5 ten thousand strain density, boll per plant is more than 10, Dan Lingchong >=4.0 grams, the male sterile line ginning outturn is more than 36%, the plant of low-phenol cotton ginning outturn more than 40%.
4. the color cotton sterile line breeding of a kind of pest-resistant low phenol according to claim 1 and hybrid breeding method, it is characterized in that the resistance screening methods in step (1) or step (2) is as follows: when slice leaf period of Cotton Seedling-Growth to 1～3, with 4% kanamycin sulfate solution, spread upon on seedling leaves, within seven days, observe and smear blade afterwards, the seedling of blade flavescence is extracted, retained the cotton seedling of normal growth.
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| CN106258945A (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2017-01-04 | 新疆农垦科学院 | A kind of method gradually oozing method transformation high-quality color sea island cotton |
| CN109042301A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2018-12-21 | 新疆守信种业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of new varieties HC-159 selection of no film cotton |
| CN113498734A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-10-15 | 辽宁省经济作物研究所 | Non-transgenic cotton breeding method |
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| CN106258945A (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2017-01-04 | 新疆农垦科学院 | A kind of method gradually oozing method transformation high-quality color sea island cotton |
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| CN113498734A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-10-15 | 辽宁省经济作物研究所 | Non-transgenic cotton breeding method |
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