CN110089379B - Establishment method for identifying burley tobacco variety root black rot resistance disease nursery - Google Patents
Establishment method for identifying burley tobacco variety root black rot resistance disease nursery Download PDFInfo
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- CN110089379B CN110089379B CN201910293020.5A CN201910293020A CN110089379B CN 110089379 B CN110089379 B CN 110089379B CN 201910293020 A CN201910293020 A CN 201910293020A CN 110089379 B CN110089379 B CN 110089379B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for establishing a disease garden for identifying the root black rot resistance of a burley tobacco variety, which comprises the steps of firstly selecting a flat land suitable for planting tobacco, selecting a susceptible root black rot variety for planting, inoculating root black rot germs, crushing stalks of field diseased plants after the plants are mature at the later stage, uniformly scattering the crushed stalks in the disease garden land, and then ploughing and covering soil; in the second year, a susceptible root black rot variety and an resistant variety are selected to be respectively inoculated with and not inoculated with root black rot germs, the disease resistance grades of the inoculated variety and the non-inoculated variety are the same, the plot is used as a root black rot disease nursery to identify the resistance of the root black rot disease of the tobacco variety, the grades are different, the stems of the diseased tobacco plants are continuously crushed and then uniformly spread to the plot of the disease nursery, plowing and earthing are carried out, and the planting and identification are carried out again until the grades are the same. The method overcomes the environmental limitation factors of long time for establishing the disease nursery, high requirement on land selection, multiple unstable factors and the like, and has the characteristics of high accuracy and strong repeatability in quick establishment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tobacco disease-resistant breeding, in particular to an establishment method for identifying a burley tobacco variety root black rot resistance disease nursery.
Background
In the disease-resistant breeding process, a stable and accurate disease resistance identification method is generally required to be established so as to accurately select a disease-resistant breeding material, the establishment of a disease nursery is an important way for disease resistance identification of traditional tobacco breeding, the tobacco breeding material is planted in the disease nursery in a field growth environment, and the method is a main method adopted by traditional tobacco disease-resistant breeding by combining artificial inoculation and natural induction disease identification.
At present, the establishment of disease nursery for resistance identification is the central importance of accurate disease-resistant breeding. Usually, a field disease nursery is established in a multi-selection mode, a plot with serious and frequent diseases is selected, the plot which accords with the establishment of a standard disease nursery is not only few, but also has large disease types due to multiple diseases, multiple germ content types and insufficient single germ amount in soil, and has large influence on the identification of single diseases.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides the establishment method for identifying the burley tobacco variety root black rot resistance disease nursery, and the method has the characteristics of high accuracy and strong repeatability.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention designs an establishment method for identifying a burley tobacco variety root black rot resistance disease nursery, which comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a flat land suitable for planting tobacco, and selecting a variety susceptible to root black rot for planting;
2) when the tobacco plant grows to a vigorous state for a long time, inoculating the root black rot germs on the stem part of the tobacco plant; when the tobacco plants grow to the late mature period (namely when the incidence of the black rot of the tobacco plant roots reaches the peak period), crushing stalks of diseased plants in the field, uniformly scattering the crushed stalks in a disease nursery plot, and then ploughing and covering soil;
3) in the second year, planting the root-susceptible variety and/or the intermediate resistance variety; when the tobacco plants grow to a flourishing long period and grow to a mature later period (namely when the incidence of the black rot of the tobacco plants reaches a peak period), the stems of single-row or double-row tobacco plants of each variety are inoculated with the black rot germs;
4) observing the incidence of tobacco plants inoculated with the root black rot pathogen and tobacco plants not inoculated with the root black rot pathogen, investigating the incidence rate and incidence grade (taking the plants as a unit), calculating the disease index, and judging the resistance grade according to the disease index;
5) comparing disease indexes of tobacco plants inoculated with the root rot germs and tobacco plants not inoculated in the same variety:
when the disease indexes of the tobacco plants inoculated with the root black rot germs and the tobacco plants not inoculated are in the same interval value, judging that the disease levels of the root black rot germs are consistent and accord with the known resistance level, continuously crushing stems of the diseased tobacco plants, uniformly scattering the crushed stems to a plot of a disease nursery, ploughing and covering soil, and using the plot as the root black rot disease nursery to identify the resistance of the root black rot of the tobacco variety;
when the tobacco plants inoculated with the root black rot pathogen and the tobacco plants not inoculated are not in the same interval value, judging that the disease levels of the root black rot pathogen and the tobacco plants are inconsistent and do not meet the known disease-resistant grade, continuously taking stems of the diseased plants, crushing the stems, uniformly scattering the crushed stems in a disease nursery plot, then turning over and covering soil, continuously planting the same susceptible variety and/or the disease-resistant variety for repeated identification until the conditions are met, and using the tobacco plants as the root black rot resistance identification disease nursery.
Further, in the step 1), the tobacco variety susceptible to root black rot is selected from the group consisting of ba citation No. 2 and Kentucky 15.
Still further, in the step 3), the tobacco variety resisting the root black rot is selected from Yuyan No. 1, Yuyan No. 3 and Kentucky 907.
Further, in the step 4), the disease index is calculated according to the incidence rate and the disease grade of the root black rot, and the specific steps are as follows:
a. investigating for 1 time before inoculation, investigating for 5 times every 5 days after inoculation, and investigating the disease condition of all tobacco plants;
b. the disease grading method comprises the following steps:
level 0: the whole plant is disease-free; level 1: the lesion of the stem does not exceed one third of the circumference of the stem; and 3, level: the stalk lesion surrounds one third to one half of the circumference of the stalk; and 5, stage: the lesion of the stem exceeds one half of the circumference of the stem; and 7, stage: the stalk lesion completely surrounds the stalk; and 9, stage: the diseased plants die basically.
c. Evaluation criteria for resistance
R (disease resistance): the disease index is below 20; MR (medium resistance): the disease index is 20.1-40; MS (in feeling): the disease index is 40.1-60; s (susceptible disease): the disease index is 60.1-80; HS (susceptibility): the disease index is 80.1-100;
d. and (4) calculating the disease index of each variety according to the following formula according to the data obtained by investigation:
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method overcomes the environmental limitation factors of long time for establishing the disease nursery, high requirement on land selection, more unstable factors and the like, and provides a method for quickly establishing the root black rot resistance identification disease nursery with high accuracy and repeatability.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples so as to be understood by those skilled in the art.
The establishment method for identifying the burley tobacco variety root black rot resistance disease nursery comprises the following steps:
1) the test disease nursery land is arranged in a certain place in Hubei province, and the test area is 2 mu; the test plots are flat in terrain, loose in texture, moderate in soil fertility, sufficient in illumination and good in drainage, and are suitable for planting tobacco;
2) the disease resistance level is divided into: a. when the disease index is 80.1-100, the patient is susceptible;
b. when the disease index is 60.1-80, the patient feels; c. the disease index is 40.1-60, which indicates a feeling of well-being;
d. the disease index is 20.1-40, the disease is resistant; e. the disease index is 0.1-20, and the disease is resistant
Selecting the tobacco varieties of Ba-Chi No. 2 and Kentucky15 which are planted with susceptible root black rot, planting 1000 plants at intervals in every two rows;
3) inoculating root black rot germs at the stem of the tobacco plant at the beginning of 6 months when the tobacco plant grows to a vigorous growth period; when the tobacco plants grow to the late mature period (namely when the incidence of the black rot of the tobacco plant roots reaches the peak period), crushing stalks of diseased plants in the field, uniformly scattering the crushed stalks in a disease nursery plot, and then ploughing and covering soil;
4) in the second year, planting susceptible varieties of Yunyan 87, Zhongyan 100 and Jiyan 9 are selected according to disease-resistant grades, and anti-resistant varieties of Yunyan No. 1, Yunyan No. 3 and Kentucky907 (the planting specification is 120cm multiplied by 45cm), and when the tobacco plants grow to a vigorous period and grow to a mature later stage (namely when the onset of the root black rot of the tobacco plants reaches a peak period), the tobacco plants in single row or double rows of each variety are inoculated with the root black rot pathogen of the stem;
5) observing the disease incidence of tobacco plants inoculated with the root black rot pathogen and tobacco plants not inoculated, investigating the disease incidence and disease grade (taking the plants as units) of the root black rot at noon and afternoon in a sunny day, and calculating the disease index;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
a. investigating for 1 time before inoculation, investigating for 5 times every 5 days after inoculation, and investigating the disease condition of all tobacco plants;
b. the disease grading method comprises the following steps:
level 0: the whole plant is disease-free; level 1: the lesion of the stem does not exceed one third of the circumference of the stem; and 3, level: the stalk lesion surrounds one third to one half of the circumference of the stalk; and 5, stage: the lesion of the stem exceeds one half of the circumference of the stem; and 7, stage: the stalk lesion completely surrounds the stalk; and 9, stage: the diseased plants die basically.
c. Evaluation criteria for resistance
R (disease resistance): the disease index is below 20; MR (medium resistance): the disease index is 20.1-40; MS (in feeling): the disease index is 40.1-60; s (susceptible disease): the disease index is 60.1-80; HS (susceptibility): the disease index is 80.1-100;
d. and (4) calculating the disease index of each variety according to the following formula according to the data obtained by investigation:
6) comparing disease indexes of tobacco plants inoculated with the root rot germs and tobacco plants not inoculated in the same variety:
TABLE 1 identification of black rot in field
As shown in table 1, the disease index and resistance grade of susceptible varieties, baryon 2 and Kentucky15, in the root black rot disease of inoculated and non-inoculated treatments were calculated through field observation and investigation, and the results show that: the disease index values of all varieties are basically consistent and are all in the range of 80.1-100, the disease resistance grades are all susceptible and are consistent with the previous identification results, and the results of three resistant varieties of Yuyan No. 1, Yuyan No. 3 and Kentucky907 show that the disease index and the disease resistance grade disease index values of the root black rot disease inoculated and not inoculated to be treated by each variety are basically consistent, and the disease resistance grades are all resistant and are consistent with the previous identification results.
Therefore, the stems of the tobacco plants of three susceptible varieties with diseases are crushed in the same year, then are uniformly scattered to a disease nursery plot, and are ploughed and covered with soil, and the plot is used as a disease nursery for identifying the resistance of the black rot of the tobacco varieties.
Other parts not described in detail are prior art. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. An establishment method for identifying a burley tobacco variety root black rot resistance disease nursery is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a flat land suitable for planting tobacco, and selecting a variety susceptible to root black rot for planting; wherein the tobacco variety susceptible to root black rot is selected from the group consisting of Barn 2 and Kentucky 15;
2) when the tobacco plant grows to a vigorous state for a long time, inoculating the root black rot germs on the stem part of the tobacco plant; when the tobacco plants grow to the late mature stage, crushing stalks of diseased plants in the field, uniformly scattering the crushed stalks in plots of disease gardens, and then ploughing and covering soil;
3) in the second year, planting the root-susceptible variety and/or the intermediate resistance variety; when the tobacco plants grow to a vigorous growth period and grow to a mature later period, the stems of the tobacco plants in single rows or double rows of each variety are inoculated with the root rot germs; wherein the tobacco variety resisting black rot is selected from Yuyan No. 1, Yuyan No. 3 and Kentucky 907;
4) observing the incidence of tobacco plants inoculated with the root black rot germs and tobacco plants not inoculated with the root black rot germs, investigating the incidence and incidence grade of the root black rot germs, calculating the disease index, and judging the resistance grade according to the disease index; wherein, the disease index is calculated according to the incidence rate and the disease grade of the root black rot, and the specific steps are as follows:
a. investigating for 1 time before inoculation, investigating for 5 times every 5 days after inoculation, and investigating the disease condition of all tobacco plants;
b. the disease grading method comprises the following steps:
level 0: the whole plant is disease-free; level 1: the lesion of the stem does not exceed one third of the circumference of the stem; and 3, level: the stalk lesion surrounds one third to one half of the circumference of the stalk; and 5, stage: the lesion of the stem exceeds one half of the circumference of the stem; and 7, stage: the stalk lesion completely surrounds the stalk; and 9, stage: the diseased plants are basically withered;
c. evaluation criteria for resistance
R (disease resistance): the disease index is below 20; MR (medium resistance): the disease index is 20.1-40; MS (in feeling): the disease index is 40.1-60; s (susceptible disease): the disease index is 60.1-80; HS (susceptibility): the disease index is 80.1-100;
d. and (4) calculating the disease index of each variety according to the following formula according to the data obtained by investigation:
5) comparing disease indexes of tobacco plants inoculated with the root rot germs and tobacco plants not inoculated in the same variety:
when the disease indexes of the tobacco plants inoculated with the root black rot germs and the tobacco plants not inoculated are in the same interval value, judging that the disease levels of the root black rot germs are consistent and accord with the known susceptible or resistant grade, continuously crushing stems of the diseased tobacco plants, uniformly scattering the crushed stems to a plot of a disease nursery, ploughing and covering soil, and using the plot as a root black rot disease nursery to identify the resistance of the root black rot of tobacco varieties;
when the disease indexes of the tobacco plants inoculated with the root black rot germs and the tobacco plants not inoculated are not in the same interval value, the disease levels of the root black rot germs are judged to be inconsistent and not in accordance with the known disease resistance level, the stems of the diseased plants are continuously taken and crushed, the crushed stems are uniformly scattered in a disease nursery plot, the plowing and earthing are further carried out, the same susceptible variety and/or the disease-resistant variety are continuously planted for repeated identification, and the disease-resistant variety can be used as the root black rot resistance identification disease nursery until the condition is met.
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| CN101491199B (en) * | 2009-03-09 | 2011-01-05 | 云南省烟草科学研究所 | Tobacco black shank resistance disease nursery identification method |
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