CN105230332A - Method for efficient induction of generation of cucumber super ovaries - Google Patents
Method for efficient induction of generation of cucumber super ovaries Download PDFInfo
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- CN105230332A CN105230332A CN201510811007.6A CN201510811007A CN105230332A CN 105230332 A CN105230332 A CN 105230332A CN 201510811007 A CN201510811007 A CN 201510811007A CN 105230332 A CN105230332 A CN 105230332A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of cucumber cultivation, in particular to a method for efficient induction of generation of cucumber super ovaries. A target cucumber is reserved on a main stem of each cucumber plant, the strong growth vigor of the cucumber plant at a full fruiting period is maintained, seedling falling is performed timely, and enough illumination is maintained. According to the method for efficient induction of generation of cucumber super ovaries, the pure agricultural method is adopted, no chemical agent is used, and the environment is not polluted. By reducing the number of the cucumbers, the strong growth vigor of the cucumber plants at a full fruiting period is maintained so as to be favorable for forming the cucumber super ovaries, seedling falling is performed timely, and enough illumination is maintained. The occurring rate of the cucumber super ovaries is over 80%, and the effect is remarkable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cucumber cultivation field, in particular to the method that the super ovary of a kind of efficient inducing cucumber occurs.
Background technology
At present, cucumber test material ' 6457 ' derive from cucumber genetic breeding seminar of Hebei Science & Technology Normal College through 10 generation selfed breeding strong parthenocarpy inbred line, its parthenocarpy fruit-setting rate is 98.3%, and under normal cultivation management condition, the full bearing period, super ovary natural incidence was 29.1%.Plant strain growth gesture is medium, and main climing knot melon is main, and under greenhouse by solar heat spring cultivation condition, the first female flower joint position 3 ~ 5 is saved, and saves 1 female flower every 3-4; Commodity melon 22-25cm, bright green, thorn knurl sparse, sting in vain.
In view of this, special proposition the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the method that the super ovary of a kind of efficient inducing cucumber occurs, the method is by reducing the number of cucumber, implement large loose water, fall seedling in time, and keep sufficient illumination, the incidence of the super ovary of cucumber reaches more than 80%, and whole process does not use chemical reagent, reduces the pollution of environment.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy by the following technical solutions:
The method that the super ovary of efficient inducing cucumber occurs, stays a target melon on the master of every cucumber plant is climing, and keep described cucumber plant the strong growth potential in the full bearing period, fall seedling in time, keeps sufficient illumination.
The method that the super ovary of a kind of efficient inducing cucumber provided by the invention occurs, adopts pure agricultural method, does not use any chemical agent, free from environmental pollution; By reducing the number of cucumber, keep the strong growth potential of cucumber plant in the full bearing period, be beneficial to form the super ovary of cucumber, fall seedling in time, and keep sufficient illumination, and the incidence of the super ovary of cucumber reaches more than 80%, Be very effective.
Further, described strong growth potential is realized by large loose water.Large loose water is by watering, fertilizing, for cucumber plant provides sufficient nutrition, cucumber plant is grown vigorous, and the leaf length of plant, Ye Kuan, leaf area, internode are long, stem is slightly all strong than common plant.
In order to reach effect of better topdressing, the present invention increases about 50% to the amount ratio normal management that plant is topdressed, and further, described large fertilizer adopts and topdresses with water; By the land area of plantation cucumber, the consumption at every turn topdressed is: 0.043-0.048kg/m
2.
Further, described in the fertilizer used that topdresses be composite fertilizer, in described composite fertilizer, the mass ratio of N P and K is 0.9-1.1:0.9-1.1:0.9-1.1.The composite fertilizer of this ratio is well positioned to meet the demand of cucumber growth to nutrient component.
Further, described flood is for water once every 4-5 days, and by the land area of plantation cucumber, the water yield of at every turn watering is 0.074-0.078m
3/ m
2.This irrigation amount increases about 25% than normal management irrigation amount, thus provides good growing environment for the growth of plant.
The situation because of the seedling suppression plant vegetative growth that falls is prevented by the seedling that falls.Further, the seedling that falls described in for the seedling height that at every turn to fall be 12-17cm; Fall altogether seedling 8-11 time in the process of cucumber growth.
Test finds, the generation of illumination to the super ovary of cucumber also has a great impact, and further, the intensity of described illumination is 30 ~ 45Klux.Namely directly shine upon during fine day; Cloudy day or rainy day external source light auxiliary irradiation, promote the generation of the super ovary of cucumber further.
Preferably, the kind of described cucumber is cucumber inbred line ' 6457 '.Cucumber inbred line ' 6457 ' is a kind of strong parthenocarpy inbred line, can obtain the super ovary of cucumber to the cultivation of this inbred line, has great importance to late gene excavation and breeding.
Further, described cucumber plant adopts two high ridge plastic film mulching cultivation, and wherein, wide row space is 68-72cm, and little line-spacing is 48-52cm, and spacing in the rows is 23-27cm.
Further, before plantation, by the land area of plantation cucumber, the base manure used is the pig manure 14.2-14.5kg/m become thoroughly decomposed
2with composite fertilizer 0.20-0.25kg/m
2.By using base manure, the growth for cucumber provides good growing environment.
In addition, at greenhouse ventilation opening place and doorway, all fly net is set, clean out all male flowers and male flower flower bud on all plant in full field and repeat every day later, the smoked canopy of amino methyl class insecticidal smoke (10% Mobucin) is adopted to kill insect in greenhouse in case pollination, therefore, in cucumber plant process of growth, stop the existence of insect.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) the present invention adopts the super ovary of pure agricultural method inducing cucumber to occur, and does not use any chemical agent, free from environmental pollution.
(2) the present invention is by reducing the number of cucumber, and implement large loose water, fall seedling in time, and keeps sufficient illumination, and the incidence of the super ovary of cucumber reaches more than 80%, and inductivity obviously promotes.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below.
Fig. 1 is the curve map of not isolabeling date super ovary incidence and normal ovary incidence in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the not curve map that affects super ovary incidence and normal ovary incidence of isolabeling date fine day rate in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiment of the present invention are described in detail, but it will be understood to those of skill in the art that the following example only for illustration of the present invention, and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention.Unreceipted actual conditions person in embodiment, the condition of conveniently conditioned disjunction manufacturer suggestion is carried out.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, being can by the conventional products of commercially available acquisition.
Embodiment 1
This is tested and carries out in certain gardening experiment station greenhouse by solar heat spring in 2015.Nursery on February 25 in 2015, field planting on March 21, adopt two high ridge plastic film mulching cultivation, wide row space is 68-72cm, and little line-spacing is 48-52cm, and spacing in the rows is 23-27cm, waters under adopting film and secretly fills with.April 15 enters the early flowering season.
Test is provided with two process: super ovary induction district (D district) and normal ovary induction district (X district), the area of each treatment region is 133.3m
2.
The base manure that each treatment region is used is the pig manure 1899kg and composite fertilizer 30kg that become thoroughly decomposed, and composite fertilizer buys from China-Arab Fertilizer Co., Ltd, and wherein the part by weight of the N P and K of composite fertilizer is 1:1:1.
April 21 all arranged fly net at the greenhouse ventilation opening place of each treatment region and doorway, clean out all male flowers and male flower flower bud on all plant in full field and repeat every day later, the smoked canopy of amino methyl class insecticidal smoke (10% Mobucin, Hebi City agricultural pharmaceutical Co. Ltd) is adopted to kill insect in greenhouse in case pollination.
April 24 entered the full bearing period, came into effect different disposal to different districts, waters a water, impose composite fertilizer with water every 4 ~ 5 days, but water topdressing amount and plant management difference, specific as follows:
D district cultivation management: for improving super ovary incidence, D district cultivation management one implements " large loose water " strategy, and namely each irrigation amount is 10m
3, than normal management irrigation amount 8m
3increase by 25%; Topdress and adopt with water punching to fertilize, impose composite fertilizer 6kg at every turn, increase by 50% than normal management topdressing amount 4kg; Two is reduce the load of individual plant commodity melon as far as possible, a target melon is only stayed on individual plant master is climing, remove all side shoots on each plant, the female flower on the same day of blooming every day in time, guarantee on each plant except mark ovary except without other loads, make the growth potential that plant keeps strong; Three is the seedlings that fall in time, and fall seedling height about 15cm at every turn, has seedling 8-11 time altogether, and anti-falling stop seedling suppresses plant vegetative growth.
X district cultivation management: for improving the incidence of normal ovary, X district cultivation management one implements " appropriateness control fertile control water " strategy, i.e. each irrigation amount 6m
3, reduce 25% than normal irrigation amount, simultaneously with water water-flush compound fertilizer 2kg, reduce 50% than normal topdressing amount; Two is normally adopt melon, makes plant have suitable fruit load and guarantees the medium growth potential on the weak side of plant; Three is the seedlings that normally fall, and fall seedling height about 50cm at every turn, suitably suppresses plant vegetative growth.
Other management are with producing upper Routine Management.
Mark and sampling: from April 28th, 2015, every afternoon respectively in D district and X district cultivated population random selecting growth neat and consistent typical individual plant, the female flower of main climing nearly growing point virgin room length 2.0 ~ 2.5cm is therefrom selected to carry out listing mark, ovary different development stage represents to mark rear number of days, mark was designated as 1d the same day, by that analogy.Every afternoon measurement markers female flower ovary length, record corolla color, according to ' 6457 ' naturally-occurring typical super ovary and normal ovary feature (table 1), corolla, ovary are sampled respectively by female flower different development stage in D district and X district respectively, liquid nitrogen flash freezer, is kept at-70 DEG C of refrigerators for subsequent use.
The super ovary of table 1 and normal ovary sampling standard
In table 1, the N-4 in normal ovary developmental stage hurdle refers to spend the 4th day before blooming, and N-3 refers to spend the 3rd day before blooming, by that analogy; Similarly, the S-8 in super ovary development hurdle in period refers to spend the 8th day before blooming, and S-7 refers to spend the 7th day before blooming, by that analogy.As known from Table 1, relative to normal ovary developmental stage, the flowers are in blossom period that the time is obviously delayed for super ovary development; And spending of super ovary is obviously large than spending of normal ovary; Bigger than normal ovary of the length of the super ovary finally obtained.
Measure cucumber ovary (fruit) and female bud stage corolla length, record corolla color simultaneously.The flowering time of investigation records every morning mark female flower, by investigation canonical statistics super ovary incidence and normal ovary incidence, the accumulative number of blooming of super (normally) ovary incidence=super (normally) ovary/(mark female flower number-number of samples) × 100%.Different disposal on the impact of super ovary incidence and normal ovary incidence as shown in Figure 1.
Period measures plant strain growth gesture (leaf length, Ye Kuan, internode is long, stem is thick), specifically as shown in table 2.
Simultaneously record weather condition (fine day, cloudy day, cloudy, rainy day) every day, weather condition spends percentage shared by first 8 days to represent with super ovary, fine day rate=fine day number of days/8 day × 100%.Measure the envirment factors such as sunlight indoor temperature, illumination, relative moisture, the impact that the super ovary of analysis environments factor pair and normal ovary occur.Specifically as shown in Figure 2.
1.1 different disposal are on the impact of super ovary incidence and normal ovary incidence
As shown in Figure 1, super ovary induction district (D district) super ovary incidence shows as the downward trend thereafter that rises gradually from low to high, and induction initial stage (4.28-5.3 day) super ovary incidence is all lower, average out to 2.8%; After induction, the 6th day super ovary incidence improves constantly, and reach peak to 5.15, namely super ovary incidence 84.4%, then declines, and visible 5.15 sampling samples are best sample of the super ovary subsequent analysis in D district; And the normal ovary incidence of normal ovary induction district (X district) shows as overall in downward trend gradually from high to low, the induction initial stage (4.28-5.3 day), normal ovary incidence was all higher, average out to 96.5%, wherein normal ovary incidence is 100% the date 4.30,5.2, thereafter 73.9% is dropped to gradually, therefore, determine that the date 4.30,5.2 is for the normal ovary the best sampling batch of X district.
1.2 different disposal plant strain growth gesture compare
D district and X district plant strain growth gesture more specific as shown in table 2.
Table 2D district and X district plant strain growth gesture compare
As shown in Table 2, super ovary induction district (D district) Plant Leaf length, Ye Kuan, leaf area, internode are long, stem rough segmentation does not add 16.9%, 27.6%, 49.2%, 7.7%, 24.5% than normal ovary induction district (X district), inbred line ' 6457 ' robust plant is described, growth potential is by force the necessary condition that super ovary occurs, and medium plant strain growth gesture plant on the weak side easily produces a high proportion of normal ovary.
1.3 illumination are on the impact of ovary induction incidence
Known by Fig. 2, illumination shows contrary trend to the impact that super ovary and normal ovary occur, fine day rate is high, and super ovary incidence is higher, and the same period, normal ovary incidence was lower, April 28 to May 2 per day fine day rate 55%, super ovary incidence average out to 2.8%, and the same period normal ovary rate average out to 96.5%, wherein April 30 and May 2 fine day rate be respectively 63% and 50%, normal ovary incidence all reaches 100%, and super ovary incidence is respectively 1.4% and 1.5%; May 3 to 9 per day fine day rates 42.9%, super ovary incidence average out to 44.5%, and the same period normal ovary rate average out to 89.2%; May 10 is to 16 per day fine day rates 89.3%, super ovary incidence average out to 77.5%, and the same period normal ovary rate average out to 82.4%, wherein May 15 fine day rate 100%, super ovary incidence reaches peak 84.4%, and normal ovary incidence is only 75.0%.Different weather temperature indoor illumination is different, after measured in fine day, cloudy, overcast and rainy greenhouse maximum intensity of illumination be respectively 30 ~ 45,15 ~ 20,1 ~ 5Klux.Visible, continuous sunny is conducive to forming super ovary, and illumination deficiency is conducive to forming normal ovary.
In summary, the present invention carries out by cultivation management, environmental condition the incidence changing super ovary.The present invention adopts the cultivation management mode such as " large loose water ", " reduce commodity melon load " " fall seedling in time ", obtains the full bearing period super ovary incidence up to 84.4%.By analyzing envirment factor in the full bearing period, find that the generation of super ovary is also relevant with illumination.Sufficient illumination is beneficial to the more photosynthetic products of formation, makes fruits/plant have accumulated more photosynthetic product.In a word, the plant producing super ovary needs growth potential strong, and a high proportion of super ovary occurs in leaf area 645.5cm2, the thick 9.4mm of stem and the period of continuous sunny.
Otherwise normal ovary cultivation management is " appropriateness control fertile control water ", " normally adopting melon ", " normally fall seedling " etc.After field planting on March 21, at the beginning of 5 months, plant strain growth gesture is medium on the weak side, the thick 7.5mm of leaf area 432.6cm2, stem, and illumination is not enough in addition, so normal ovary incidence is up to 100%.
Embodiment 2
The method that the super ovary of efficient inducing cucumber occurs, comprises the following steps:
Select 1 mu of greenhouse, wholely, use base manure, base manure is the pig manure and composite fertilizer that become thoroughly decomposed, and by the land area of plantation cucumber, the pig manure consumption become thoroughly decomposed is 14.5kg/m
2, the consumption of composite fertilizer is 0.25kg/m
2;
Select cucumber inbred line ' 6457 ' to plant, adopt two high ridge plastic film mulching cultivation, wherein, wide row space is 68-72cm, and little line-spacing is 48-52cm, and spacing in the rows is 23-27cm;
A target melon is stayed on the master of every cucumber plant is climing;
In the full bearing period of cucumber plant, watered once every 4 days, by the land area of plantation cucumber, the water yield of at every turn watering is 0.074m
3/ m
2;
Topdress with water while watering, by the land area of plantation cucumber, the consumption at every turn topdressed is: 0.043kg/m
2, the mass ratio of the N P and K in composite fertilizer used that topdresses is 0.9:1.1:1.1;
Between the full bearing period, continuous sunny, the seedling height that at every turn falls is 12-17cm, and fall seedling 11 times altogether.
In addition, at greenhouse ventilation opening place and doorway, all fly net is set, clean out all male flowers and male flower flower bud on all plant in full field and repeat every day later, the smoked canopy of amino methyl class insecticidal smoke (10% Mobucin, Hebi City agricultural pharmaceutical Co. Ltd) is adopted to kill insect in greenhouse in case pollination.
The incidence of the super ovary of the cucumber obtained is 90%.
Embodiment 3
The method that the super ovary of efficient inducing cucumber occurs, comprises the following steps:
Select 1 mu of greenhouse, wholely, use base manure, base manure is the pig manure and composite fertilizer that become thoroughly decomposed, and by the land area of plantation cucumber, the pig manure consumption become thoroughly decomposed is 14.2kg/m
2, the consumption of composite fertilizer is 0.20kg/m
2;
Select cucumber inbred line ' 6457 ' to plant, adopt two high ridge plastic film mulching cultivation, wherein, wide row space is 68-72cm, and little line-spacing is 48-52cm, and spacing in the rows is 23-27cm;
A target melon is stayed on the master of every cucumber plant is climing;
In the full bearing period of cucumber plant, watered once every 4-5 days, by the land area of plantation cucumber, the water yield of at every turn watering is 0.078m
3/ m
2;
Topdress with water while watering, by the land area of plantation cucumber, the consumption at every turn topdressed is: 0.048kg/m
2, the mass ratio of the N P and K in composite fertilizer used that topdresses is 1.1:0.9:0.9;
Between the full bearing period, continuous sunny, the seedling height that at every turn falls is 12-17cm, and fall seedling 8 times altogether.
In addition, at greenhouse ventilation opening place and doorway, all fly net is set, clean out all male flowers and male flower flower bud on all plant in full field and repeat every day later, the smoked canopy of amino methyl class insecticidal smoke (10% Mobucin, Hebi City agricultural pharmaceutical Co. Ltd) is adopted to kill insect in greenhouse in case pollination.
The incidence of the super ovary of the cucumber obtained is 89%.
Although illustrate and describe the present invention with specific embodiment, however it will be appreciated that can to make when not deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention many other change and amendment.Therefore, this means to comprise all such changes and modifications belonged in the scope of the invention in the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. the method that occurs of the super ovary of efficient inducing cucumber, is characterized in that, stays a target melon on the master of every cucumber plant is climing, and keep described cucumber plant the strong growth potential in the full bearing period, fall seedling in time, keeps sufficient illumination.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described strong growth potential is realized by large loose water.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described large fertilizer adopts and topdresses with water; By the land area of plantation cucumber, the consumption at every turn topdressed is: 0.043-0.048kg/m
2.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described in the fertilizer used that topdresses be composite fertilizer, in described composite fertilizer, the mass ratio of N P and K is 0.9-1.1:0.9-1.1:0.9-1.1.
5. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described flood is for water once every 4-5 days, and by the land area of plantation cucumber, the water yield of at every turn watering is 0.074-0.078m
3/ m
2.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in fall seedling for the seedling height that at every turn to fall be 12-17cm; Fall altogether seedling 8-11 time in the process of cucumber growth.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the intensity of described illumination is 30 ~ 45Klux.
8. the method according to any one of claim 1-7, is characterized in that, the kind of described cucumber is cucumber inbred line ' 6457 '.
9. method according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described cucumber plant adopts two high ridge plastic film mulching cultivation, and wherein, wide row space is 68-72cm, and little line-spacing is 48-52cm, and spacing in the rows is 23-27cm.
10. method according to claim 9, is characterized in that, before plantation, by the land area of plantation cucumber, the base manure used is the pig manure 14.2-14.5kg/m become thoroughly decomposed
2with composite fertilizer 0.20-0.25kg/m
2.
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| CN105230332B (en) | 2019-04-05 |
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