CN1052201C - 具有流线形轮廓的物体,特别是船用的减摇鳍 - Google Patents

具有流线形轮廓的物体,特别是船用的减摇鳍 Download PDF

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CN1052201C
CN1052201C CN92110635A CN92110635A CN1052201C CN 1052201 C CN1052201 C CN 1052201C CN 92110635 A CN92110635 A CN 92110635A CN 92110635 A CN92110635 A CN 92110635A CN 1052201 C CN1052201 C CN 1052201C
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CN1071385A (zh
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H·-G·埃勒斯
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Blohm and Voss GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
    • B63B3/14—Hull parts
    • B63B3/38—Keels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B39/00—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
    • B63B39/06—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude to decrease vessel movements by using foils acting on ambient water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
    • B63H1/02—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
    • B63H1/12—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
    • B63H1/14—Propellers
    • B63H1/26—Blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
    • B63H25/06—Steering by rudders
    • B63H25/38—Rudders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C23/00—Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces, not otherwise provided for
    • B64C23/06—Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces, not otherwise provided for by generating vortices
    • B64C23/065—Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces, not otherwise provided for by generating vortices at the wing tips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B2035/009—Wind propelled vessels comprising arrangements, installations or devices specially adapted therefor, other than wind propulsion arrangements, installations, or devices, such as sails, running rigging, or the like, and other than sailboards or the like or related equipment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
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  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种具有流线形轮廓的物体、例如船上的减摇鳍稳定器或舵板、或帆船－龙骨式游艇的龙骨鳍，这样的物体固定到载体、最好是船体上并自由伸出。该物体在其自由端上固定有多个自由伸出的肋，这些肋相互分隔开并平行于物体的对称面来设置，其长度约为物体长度的1/10至1/20，由此抑制住或减小形成在物体端部上的涡流。

Description

具有流线形轮廓的物体，特别是船用的减摇鳍
本发明涉及一种用于船上的、具有流线形轮廓的并且相对于其纵向中心面是对称的物体，该物体在垂直于其纵向伸展的方向上承受一种直线流动的液体介质、特别是海水加载，该物体在其一个纵向端上可摆动地与/或可转动地或固定地固定到一个载体、最好是船体上，在其另一纵向端的区域内配置有用以减小在该物体端部由于物体的纵向中心面与介质的入流面之间存在一个角度而产生的涡流的装置。
这种类型的物体在其背向入流介质一侧获得压力降低，而在其朝向入流介质一侧则获得压力升高。
这种效应导致在物体的自由端上产生一个通过环流本身达致的压力平衡和一个由此形成高能量的端部涡流、即所谓的尾涡。
这样的涡流自然要消耗能量，这对于在液体中运动的物体的、特别是船只的推进效率产生不良影响。
人们已经提出了在设计成稳定减摇鳍的物体上设置用以减小所述的尾涡的装置(见DE-PS 1956032)。这种装置含有多条在物体的自由端头的附近、也就是在端盖的区域内设置成斜向于流动方向的从前向后伸展的通道，介质从通道的前开口进入朝向后面流出。
这个公知的方案尽管对于抑制所述的涡流有一定效果，但它不但减小了入流面积，而且还给制造与强度方面带来了问题。
此外，由于通道中有水流，因而促使由于不连贯的速度变化引起的气蚀现象的出现，从而导致一些不受欢迎的随伴效应、例如材料剥蚀、水下噪声以及振动效应。
本发明的目的在于将上述的缺点与损害消除掉或减小到最小程度。
本发明的目的通过如下的技术方案得以实现。本发明提供了一种减小涡流形成的装置，该减小涡流形成的装置含有多个、最好是6个带有间距相互平行地设置的并平行于物体的纵向中心面伸展的肋，这些肋固定在物体端部上自由向外伸出，肋的长度沿物体的纵向中心轴线的方向测量约为物体的长度的1/10至1/20、最好是1/15。
这些从物体端部自由向外伸出的、并排设置的肋以及在其间存在的间隙并不减小物体的有效入流面积，造价也比较低，而且也不会缩减物体本身的横截面。
也不会产生促使气蚀现象发生的条件，因为，如上所述，这些肋处于入流面积之外，因而不会导致入流损失。
US-PS 3931781公开了一种船用的稳定减摇鳍，这些减摇鳍上设置有三个或多个相互平行地分隔开并平行于海水流向伸展的板。所述的板不仅在自由端的端部区域上伸展，而且在减摇鳍的整个面上伸展，因而从强度及流体技术的观点来看，这种方案自然比本发明的紧凑的流线形的物体差。
本发明的各种实施例及有利的尺寸以及本发明的物体的应用将在下面进行描述。
肋的壁厚与肋与肋之间的间距的比例为1∶3至1∶5、最好是1∶4。
肋的自由端成形成使得其轮廓与带有向外拱起的并与物体的轮廓相匹配的壁部的端盖适配。
在带有主体和铰接在主体上的副体的两件式物体中，在副体上也设置有相应的肋和间隙。
本发明的减小涡流形成的装置可应用于船的稳定减摇鳍上，也可应用于船的基本上垂直地纵向伸展的舵板上，也可应用于帆船-龙骨式游艇的龙骨鳍上。在龙骨鳍的自由端设置有平衡物的龙骨鳍中，肋可从平衡物上制出或靠近平衡物来设置。
在下面将参照附图描述本发明的用于船上的两件式减摇鳍稳定器的物体的优选实施例。在附图中；
图1为俯视图；
图2为正视图；
图3为侧视图。
主减摇鳍的总体以标号1标示，在主减摇鳍上可摆动地铰接有一个副减摇鳍2。
主减摇鳍1在其一端过渡在成一椭圆形凸缘3，这个凸缘用多个螺钉5固定到一个只示意地示出的、可围绕减摇鳍的纵向轴线A转动的减摇鳍轴6上。
主减摇鳍1在其凸缘侧的半部1b上设计成朝向凸缘3略呈锥形加厚，而其端侧的半部1a则具有相等的厚度。
主减摇鳍1在其横截面上具有流线形的、相对于其纵向中心面是对称的轮廓P，该轮廓如图3所示具有通常的水滴形状。在减摇鳍段1a的自由端上固定有6个平肋R1、R2、R3、R4、R5与R6，这些平肋彼此分隔开、相互平行并平行于主减摇鳍的纵向中心面。
肋R1至R6间的间隙均相等，在本实施例中，间隙约为肋壁厚度的4倍。在本实施例中，肋的形状选择成使其外界线的轮廓与在这种减摇鳍中通常是向外拱起的并与横截面轮廓相匹配的端盖相适配。
副减摇鳍2同样配置有肋R7、R8，这些肋并不相互平行，而是平行于副减摇鳍2的入流面或流出面来伸展。
由此得到的喷嘴效应有利于抑制在主减摇鳍1上产生涡流。
前面所述的用于减小涡流形成的方法不仅可用于所述的稳定减摇鳍上，而且还可用于所有的、其上的水的入流方向跟鳍状物体的纵向中心面的方向始终或有时构成一个角度的流线形的鳍状物体。
这也可用于水上运输工具的基本上垂直地纵向伸展的舵板，或用于帆船-龙骨式游艇的龙骨鳍；在调整舵板时或游艇处在分岔航道时，所述的角度总是存在着。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于船上的、具有流线形轮廓的并且相对于其纵向中心面是对称的物体，该物体在垂直于其纵向伸展的方向上承受一种直线流动的液体介质、特别是海水加载，该物体在其一个纵向端上可摆动地与/或可转动地或固定地固定到一个载体、最好是船体上，在其另一纵向端的区域内配置有用以减小在该物体端部由于物体的纵向中心面与介质的入流面之间存在一个角度而产生的涡流的装置，其特征在于，该减小涡流形成的装置含有多个、最好是6个带有间距相互平行地设置的并平行于物体的纵向中心面伸展的肋(R1至R6)，这些肋固定在物体端部上自由向外伸出，肋的长度沿物体(1)的纵向中心轴线(A)的方向测量约为物体(1)的长度的1/10至1/20、最好是1/15。
2.按权利要求1所述的物体，其特征在于，肋R1至R6的壁厚与肋与肋之间的间距的比例为1∶3至1∶5、最好是1∶4。
3.按权利要求2所述的物体，其特征在于，肋(R1至R6)的自由端成形成使得其轮廓与带有向外拱起的并与物体(1)的轮廓(P)相匹配的壁部的端盖适配。
4.按权利要求1至3中之一项所述的物体，其特征在于，在带有主体(1)和铰接在主体(1)上的副体(2)的两件式物体(1、2)中，在副体(2)上也设置有相应的肋(R7至R8)和间隙。
5.按权利要求1至4中之一项所述的物体，其特征在于该物体可应用于船的稳定减摇鳍上、船的基本上垂直地纵向伸展的舵板上，或帆船-龙骨式游艇的龙骨鳍上。
CN92110635A 1991-09-04 1992-09-04 具有流线形轮廓的物体,特别是船用的减摇鳍 Expired - Fee Related CN1052201C (zh)

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DEP4129358.4 1991-09-04
DE4129358 1991-09-04
DEP4202745.4 1992-01-31
DE4202745A DE4202745C2 (de) 1991-09-04 1992-01-31 Tragflügel, insbesondere Stabilisatorflosse für Schiffe

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US (1) US5365870A (zh)
JP (1) JP3306115B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100253669B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1052201C (zh)
DE (1) DE4202745C2 (zh)
DK (1) DK172591B1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2064219B1 (zh)
FI (1) FI103778B (zh)
FR (1) FR2680838B1 (zh)
GB (1) GB2259279B (zh)
GR (1) GR1002533B (zh)
IT (1) IT1255759B (zh)
NL (1) NL193905C (zh)
NO (1) NO301532B1 (zh)
PT (1) PT100842B (zh)
SE (1) SE507657C2 (zh)

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DE19610870B4 (de) * 1996-03-20 2005-02-03 B + V Industrietechnik Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Strömungsführung
JP2000508271A (ja) * 1996-04-15 2000-07-04 ブローム ウント フォス インターナショナル ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング 船舶のプロペラの羽根
CN101934465B (zh) * 2009-07-01 2012-01-11 中国长江航运集团南京金陵船厂 一种减摇鳍安装工艺
DE202009010904U1 (de) * 2009-08-17 2010-12-30 Becker Marine Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Tragflügel für Wasserfahrzeuge
US8534211B2 (en) * 2009-09-18 2013-09-17 Naiad Maritime Group, Inc. Variable geometry fin
KR200459925Y1 (ko) 2011-12-21 2012-04-20 주식회사 크로시스 선체 보조 링의 추가 및 끝단판의 구조 개선을 통한 함정용 안정기의 캐비테이션 저감 및 로프 걸림 방지 장치
KR200459934Y1 (ko) 2011-12-21 2012-04-20 주식회사 크로시스 축 보조 링의 추가 및 끝단판의 구조 개선을 통한 함정용 안정기의 캐비테이션 저감 및 로프 걸림 방지 장치

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ES2064219B1 (es) 1998-07-01
FR2680838B1 (fr) 1995-07-28
FR2680838A1 (fr) 1993-03-05
PT100842B (pt) 2000-02-29
SE9202527L (sv) 1993-03-05
CN1071385A (zh) 1993-04-28
NL193905C (nl) 2001-02-05
NO923159D0 (no) 1992-08-13
DE4202745A1 (de) 1993-03-11
FI103778B1 (fi) 1999-09-30
DE4202745C2 (de) 1995-04-13
DK109892A (da) 1993-03-05
ITMI922053A0 (it) 1992-09-03
JP3306115B2 (ja) 2002-07-24
GB2259279A (en) 1993-03-10
JPH05193567A (ja) 1993-08-03
NL193905B (nl) 2000-10-02
NO301532B1 (no) 1997-11-10
US5365870A (en) 1994-11-22
GR920100370A (el) 1993-06-21
DK109892D0 (da) 1992-09-04
ITMI922053A1 (it) 1994-03-03
GB9217459D0 (en) 1992-09-30
FI923951A (fi) 1993-03-05
SE9202527D0 (sv) 1992-09-02
PT100842A (pt) 1994-05-31
FI923951A0 (fi) 1992-09-03
NL9201554A (nl) 1993-04-01
ES2064219A2 (es) 1995-01-16
DK172591B1 (da) 1999-02-08
FI103778B (fi) 1999-09-30
GB2259279B (en) 1995-06-21
NO923159L (no) 1993-03-05
KR930005858A (ko) 1993-04-20
SE507657C2 (sv) 1998-06-29
IT1255759B (it) 1995-11-15
GR1002533B (el) 1997-01-27
ES2064219R (zh) 1997-12-01
KR100253669B1 (ko) 2000-04-15

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