CN105201885A - Ventilating fan directly driven by single-phase self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor - Google Patents
Ventilating fan directly driven by single-phase self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN105201885A CN105201885A CN201510650460.3A CN201510650460A CN105201885A CN 105201885 A CN105201885 A CN 105201885A CN 201510650460 A CN201510650460 A CN 201510650460A CN 105201885 A CN105201885 A CN 105201885A
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Abstract
The invention provides a ventilating fan directly driven by a single-phase self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor. The width of an air gap between a stator and a permanent-magnet rotor of the motor is set to be narrowed in the peripheral direction along the lower edge of each electrode; it is stipulated that a wound stator winding is connected to an alternating-current power source through a switch; a built-in program includes the starting step of driving the switch according to a detected signal so as to control currents input into the winding by the alternating-current power source, two voltage pulses with the opposite polarity are applied on the winding when the rotor is static, and the pulses are the same in waveform and small in energy so that the rotor can rotate to be separated from the static position within the prescribed angle range; currents generated by the pulses in the winding are detected and compared, and when the polarity of the alternating-current power source and the polarity of the voltage pulse generating the small currents are the same, the switch is turned on to enable the alternating-current power source to input alternating currents into the winding continuously. By means of the design, the complexity of the control program of the ventilating fan and the requirement of a component for a circuit are lowered, cost is reduced, and product performance is more stable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ventilation fan of single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor Direct driver, particularly relate to the cooperation of its mechanical structure, electromagnetic structure and controlling method; In International Patent Classification (IPC), classification belongs to F04D25/08.
Background technique
Ventilation fan uses and has a large capacity and a wide range, long operational time, needs badly and manufactures low cost and energy saving in running.The low-power ventilating fan that the authorized earlier application CN201110303632.1 of the applicant proposes is connect by permasyn motor direct and drives and energy-conservation and small volume, and in predetermined sense of rotation, have preferably startup and runnability, cost is lower, but this motor needs to arrange independent rotor-position Detecting element.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, a kind of ventilation fan is proposed, can by small permanent magnetic sychronous motor Direct driver energy-conservation and small volume, and in predetermined sense of rotation, have preferably startup and runnability, but without the need to arranging independent rotor-position Detecting element, thus can reduce costs.
The technological scheme that the present invention solve the technical problem is, a kind of ventilation fan of single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor Direct driver, comprising:
---the impeller rotated according to predetermined direction, it is axial flow and molding and forming;
---the motor of impeller described in Direct driver, the winding of stator by regulation around to being access to ac power supply; Motor rotor is p-m rotor, and its number of poles is identical with the number of poles of stator; Between described stator and rotor, the width of air gap narrows in each extremely lower sense of rotation along setting, and thus in a free state, the axis of each pole of rotor is with the axis of hithermost stator one pole for reference, and the sense of rotation along setting deflects a sharp angle;
---have a switch, ac power supply is through the winding power of this switch to motor stator;
---there is a control circuit, control the break-make of described switch;
It is characterized in that:
---the number of poles of motor stator is 2 poles, and impeller diameter is not more than 70mm; Or the number of poles of motor stator is 4 poles, and impeller diameter is not more than 100mm; Or the number of poles of motor stator is 6 poles, and impeller diameter is not more than 130mm; Or the number of poles of motor stator is 8 poles, and impeller diameter is not more than 150mm;
---control circuit; Comprise testing circuit and plug-in, this plug-in is containing driving described switch to control the starting rate-determining steps that described ac power supply inputs the electric current of described winding by the signal detected;
Described step comprises makes opposite polarity two kinds of voltage pulses put on described winding respectively, and:
---before each pulse applies, rotor is still positioned at described acute angle position;
---the energy of each pulse is little of making rotor leave described acute angle position within the angle of regulation;
---the waveform of each pulse is identical;
Detect electric current that the described winding of each leisure of these pulses produces and compare their size, connect described switch when the polarity of ac power supply is identical with the polarity of the voltage pulse producing small electric stream, make described ac power supply continue input alternating current to described winding.
The starting of the single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor of electronic control directional-rotation, the ac power supply half-wave connected when the opposite direction of main flux axis and permanent magnet flux axes intersect are described sharp angle now should be designed, rotor magnetic pole is namely by magnetic pole of the stator edge setting sense of rotation hithermost with it repulsion, thus to make motor start by the sense of rotation of setting, this is just required for impeller for air exchange fan.If now change the ac power supply half-wave connecting opposite polarity into, namely the direction of main flux axis adjusts instead, direct and permanent magnet flux axes intersect is described sharp angle, namely rotor magnetic pole changes into and being attracted by the opposite direction of magnetic pole of the stator hithermost with it along setting sense of rotation, thus make motor start by the opposite direction of the sense of rotation of setting, this is that impeller for air exchange fan institute is unallowed.To above-mentioned situation, the technical program has suitable inertia and ferromagnetic saturated principle based on rotor, find dexterously and utilize to measure to put on stator and rotor due to electric current when rotary inertia is not turned over the pulse of specified polarity and same waveform, rotor permanent magnet magnetic flux and specified polarity and the pulse of same waveform put on main flux direction that stator produces identical time magnetic is increased to iron circuit stator inductance is declined so that otherwise electric current increases reduce this phenomenon with then electric current, to these size of current multilevel iudge, can determine that motor turns to by regulation and start the required polarity of ac power supply and the mated condition in p-m rotor polarity orientation, and ac power supply is connected under this mated condition, reach motor directional starting, thus can without the need to arranging independent rotor-position Detecting element, reduce costs.
The technical program reduce such ventilator motor of prior art start control program complexity and to the fast-response energy of components and parts and the EMC Requirements of circuit arrangement, thus cost reduce and product performance are more stable.
The technical program has following further design:
---described pulse can coordinate switching circuit to produce by DC electrical source, but fairly simple reliable method makes ac power supply half-wave voltage put on described winding by thyristor by the regulation angle of flow to be formed;
---the described angle of flow is preferably not more than described ac power supply 1/8 cycle, little of making rotor leave described acute angle position within the angle of regulation with the energy limiting each pulse.To concrete motor, determine more suitably numerical value by experiment;
---described pulse interval successively is preferably no less than 1 cycle of described ac power supply, and before guaranteeing that each pulse applies, rotor is still positioned at described acute angle position.To concrete motor, determine more suitably numerical value by experiment equally.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is embodiment of the present invention ventilation fan motor electromagnetism basic structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is embodiment of the present invention ventilation fan electromotor control circuit schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is that the 1st kind, embodiment of the present invention motor starts situation signal waveform schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is that the 2nd kind, embodiment of the present invention motor starts situation signal waveform schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the main Visual figure of the basic mechanical structure of embodiment of the present invention ventilation fan.
Embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention ventilation fan improves to form on the basis of embodiment described in the authorized earlier application CN201110303632.1 of the applicant.
As shown in Figure 5, it inherits structure shown in Fig. 1 in CN201110303632.1 and comprises the basic mechanical structure of embodiment of the present invention ventilation fan:
---be fixed on the motor 2 of casing;
---be directly connected in the aial flow impeller 1 that this motor output shaft is rotated counterclockwise, it has 4 blades; By blast requirement, the number of blade also can be 3,5 or 6, but had better not more than 8, and be odd number sheet as far as possible, to reduce vibration noise.Impeller is molding and forming, diameter 100mm.Impeller should not be larger, and rotary inertia should be as far as possible little, to coordinate the starting torque that motor 2 is still not too large;
---motor 2 is inner rotor motor, comprises stator 100 and p-m rotor 200.
As shown in Figure 1, it inherits structure shown in Fig. 2 in CN201110303632.1 and comprises the motor electromagnetism basic structure of embodiment of the present invention ventilation fan:
---rotor 200 is its cross sections with two orthogonal symmetry axis 400 is divided into 4 symmetrical 90 ° fan-shaped and each radial magnetizing 4 pole p-m rotors that are N, S, N, S;
---stator 100 is made up of the circular iron core 101 and winding 12 with 4 salient poles; Winding 12 is the coil parts respectively around at 4 salient poles with Insulating frame, then by around being 4 poles to being connected in series, and thus produces the main flux passing through air gap between rotor of 4 poles when being energized;
---between each salient pole of stator iron core 101 and rotor 200 air gap width in the counterclockwise direction gradual change narrow; Therefore when free state and no electric circuit and without outer gas stream and rotational structure good, rotor 200 attracts by stator iron core, namely the permanent magnet flux axis 700,800 that namely geometrical axis of each pole passes through air gap between rotor passes through the main flux axis 500,600 of air gap between rotor for reference with the geometrical axis of adjacent stators salient pole respectively, deflects a less acute angle Ω in the counterclockwise direction.It is 5 ° (electrical angles 10 °) that the present embodiment designs this mechanical angle.The ratio that this angle can narrow with gradual change and changing, and affect detent torque and efficiency.When this design can avoid rotor in a free state stay in the dead in line of its axis and stator salient poles and make energising, detent torque is what is called " dead point " position of zero, and the rotor during the reluctance torque formed also helps and prevents from operating does not produce torque and stall when alternating current (a.c.) zero passage;
The main variation comparing structure shown in CN201110303632.1 Fig. 2 is: Hall element 300 shown in figure is cancelled.
As shown in Figure 2, it inherits circuit shown in Fig. 3 in CN201110303632.1 and comprises embodiment of the present invention ventilation fan electromotor control circuit:
---bidirectional thyristor 4, its main electrode is access to ac power supply terminal 5 after connecting with winding 12;
---single-chip microcomputer 6, its output circuit 63 is access to the trigger electrode 41 of bidirectional thyristor 4, if export pulse namely trigger thyristor 4 conducting, namely ac power supply half-wave voltage now starts to put on input winding 12 until this half-wave zero passage terminates, and inputs winding 12 with this voltage synchronous and impulsive current delayed to some extent.
---the shaping circuit be made up of resistance 7 and diode 8,9 and 5V DC electrical source VDD, its input is access to ac power supply terminal 5, exporting B is 0 when being 1 negative half-wave when the polarity of voltage positive half-wave of ac power supply terminal 5, and output B from 1 become 0 or become from 01 moment and AC supply voltage Zero Crossing Point.Export the input circlult 61 that B is access to single-chip microcomputer 6, provide ac power supply crossover point signal to it.
The main variation comparing circuit shown in CN201110303632.1 figure comprises:
---the circuit that former Hall element 300 and output thereof are access to single-chip microcomputer input is cancelled;
---the former one end directly connect publicly of winding 12 changes into and connects publicly through resistance 13, and this resistance detects the sample resistance by the electric current of winding 12; Winding 12 is access to the input circlult 62 of single-chip microcomputer with the tie point of resistance 13 through change-over circuit 621, with this determine electric current by winding 12 in the voltage drop of resistance 13 for checking by the electric current of winding 12.
Above-mentioned change-over circuit 621 can be designed to isolate cladding circuit:
---the tested alternating voltage of the elementary connection of sampling transformer, inputs single-chip microcomputer after the constant DC voltage of secondary superposition one higher than tested alternating voltage peak, can determine the momentary value of alternating voltage through A/D conversion.Certainly, the chip containing above-mentioned functions and single-chip microcomputer also can be selected to replace single-chip microcomputer 6 and change-over circuit 621.In addition, also can replace resistance 13 and sampling transformer and obtain sampling by the electric current of winding 12 by current transformer, therefore can reduce the power consumpiton of testing circuit.
Single-chip microcomputer 6 plug-in mainly checks the level of input circlult 61,62 according to setting procedure, through measuring, comparing, differentiate, exported the pulse triggering thyristor 4 by output circuit 63.Two kinds, embodiment of the present invention motor starts each signal waveform of situation as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4:
---51 is the voltage waveform of ac power supply terminal 5;
---52 is that shaping circuit exports the waveform of B;
---531,532 for putting on the waveform of the voltage of winding 12;
---54a, 54b are the waveform of the electric current of winding 12;
---the voltage pulse waveforms that 551,552 is single-chip microcomputer 6 output circuit 63 exports to the trigger electrode 41 of thyristor 4.
Cycle when the present embodiment ac power frequency is 50Hz is 20ms, and plug-in comprises and is implemented as follows step:
From the 1st positive Zero Crossing Point of AC supply voltage (voltage from negative change just, lower same) play time delay t1=5/6 π, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is to the trigger electrode 41 output voltage pulse k1 of thyristor 4, thyristor 4 conducting, make ac power supply one positive polarity half-wave voltage v1 put on winding 12 with the t2=1/6 π angle of flow and produce the 1st electric current a1, and detect its maximum value (can certainly be the momentary value in other regulation moment, lower same).
Then, from the 2nd positive Zero Crossing Point of AC supply voltage, (steady state depending on rotor can be delayed further, as being the 3rd or the 4th ... individual positive Zero Crossing Point, lower same) play time delay t1=5/6 π, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is to the trigger electrode 41 output voltage pulse k1 of thyristor 4, thyristor 4 conducting, makes the another positive polarity half-wave voltage v2 of ac power supply put on winding 12 with the t2=1/6 π angle of flow and produces the 2nd electric current a2, and detect its maximum value.
Then, from the 3rd negative Zero Crossing Point of AC supply voltage, (voltage is from just becoming negative, lower same) play time delay t1=5/6 π, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is to the trigger electrode 41 output voltage pulse k1 of thyristor 4, thyristor 4 conducting, make the half-wave voltage v3 of ac power supply one negative polarity put on winding 12 with the t2=1/6 π angle of flow and produce the 3rd electric current a3, and detect its maximum value.
Then, time delay t1=5/6 π is lighted from the 4th negative zero passage of AC supply voltage, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is to the trigger electrode 41 output voltage pulse k1 of thyristor 4, thyristor 4 conducting, make the half-wave voltage v4 of the another negative polarity of ac power supply put on winding 12 with the t2=1/6 π angle of flow and produce the 4th electric current a4, and detect its maximum value.
Then, single-chip microcomputer 6 plug-in compares the maximum value of electric current a1, a2, a3, a4, controls by following two kinds of situations:
---as Fig. 3, the polarity orientation of p-m rotor is the opposite direction of the main flux axis that positive polarity ac power supply half-wave produces and permanent magnet flux axes intersect is described acute angle, a1, a2 is significantly less than a3, a4, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is immediately from the positive Zero Crossing Point of ac power supply one, by AC mains cycle to the voltage pulse kt that the trigger electrode 41 of thyristor 4 continuously lights time delay t3 output from each zero passage make thyristor 4 constantly with defect sine wave (forward position of each half-wave due to time delay t3 conducting corresponding defect little half arc, down together) conducting and the voltage vt synchronous with ac power supply put on winding 12 and produce the Synchronous Alternating Current it continued, motor completes startup, enter synchronous operation,
---as Fig. 4, the polarity orientation of p-m rotor is the opposite direction of the main flux axis that negative polarity ac power supply half-wave produces and permanent magnet flux axes intersect is described acute angle, a1, a2 is obviously greater than a3, a4, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is immediately from the negative Zero Crossing Point of ac power supply one, make thyristor 4 put on winding 12 with the sinusoidal wave conducting of defect and the voltage vt synchronous with ac power supply constantly by AC mains cycle to the voltage pulse kt that the trigger electrode 41 of thyristor 4 continuously lights time delay t3 output from each zero passage and produce the Synchronous Alternating Current it continued, motor completes startup, enter synchronous operation.
Following Change In Design can be had:
---the above pulse applied is 2 positive pulses before this, is then 2 negative impulses; This positive and negative order is anti-adjustable, and pulse number also visual concrete motor is observed by experiment and increased and decreased to some extent, preferably makes the difference of large electric current and little electric current be no less than 30%;
---the angle of flow of pulse also visual concrete motor is observed by experiment and is increased and decreased to some extent.For the motor that air horsepower is not too large, the rarely seen rotor of motor of the angle of flow half-wave zero load energising of t2=1/6 π is slightly shaken.Experiment shows, as long as the angle that the energy of this pulse makes rotor leave described acute angle position is not more than 1/6 π, would not make a significant impact the control of motor.Further, preferably make to be all difference that is large or that be all little each electric current and be not more than 10%;
---t3 can according to stable operation need adjust to some extent, minimum is 0, namely uses whole sine wave shaped voltage and runs;
---the present embodiment motor is 4 poles, also can be designed as 6 poles or 8 poles.Because synchronous speed reduces, the maximum diameter of impeller can correspondingly increase: number of poles is 6 poles, and impeller diameter is not more than 130mm; Number of poles is 8 poles, and impeller diameter is not more than 150mm; Its control mechanism is also applicable to such motor of 2 poles or other number of poles;
---the present embodiment impeller also can be designed to turn clockwise, and only needs all to be changed into " clockwise " by used term " counterclockwise " according to description before in design;
---the number of poles of motor stator and rotor also can be designed as 6 poles or 8 poles.Because synchronous speed reduces, the maximum diameter of impeller can correspondingly increase: number of poles is 6 poles, and impeller diameter is not more than 130mm; Number of poles is 8 poles, and impeller diameter is not more than 150mm;
---if ventilation fan, for directly to open air exhaust, is preferably designed as covering and isolating ventilation fan described in standard GB/T 14806, such as, arrange sideboard or the venetian blind of wind pressure type, electrodynamic type or linkage type described in this standard at the flow outlet of ventilation fan casing.This design coordinates the starting torque that motor is still not too large, and described sideboard or venetian blind open when ventilation fan operates, and close during stopping, can avoiding starting front impeller by the rotor of outer counter reversion motor to air stream drives, so that difficulty in starting.
Claims (4)
1. a ventilation fan for single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor Direct driver, comprising:
---the impeller rotated according to predetermined direction, it is axial flow and molding and forming;
---the motor of impeller described in Direct driver, the winding of stator by regulation around to being access to ac power supply; Motor rotor is p-m rotor, and its number of poles is identical with the number of poles of stator; Between described stator and rotor, the width of air gap narrows in each extremely lower sense of rotation along setting, and thus in a free state, the axis of each pole of rotor is with the axis of hithermost stator one pole for reference, and the sense of rotation along setting deflects a sharp angle;
---have a switch, ac power supply is through the winding power of this switch to motor stator;
---there is a control circuit, control the break-make of described switch;
It is characterized in that:
---the number of poles of motor stator is 2 poles, and impeller diameter is not more than 70mm; Or the number of poles of motor stator is 4 poles, and impeller diameter is not more than 100mm; Or the number of poles of motor stator is 6 poles, and impeller diameter is not more than 130mm; Or the number of poles of motor stator is 8 poles, and impeller diameter is not more than 150mm;
---control circuit; Comprise testing circuit and plug-in, this plug-in is containing driving described switch to control the starting rate-determining steps that described ac power supply inputs the electric current of described winding by the signal detected;
Described step comprises makes opposite polarity two kinds of voltage pulses put on described winding respectively, and:
---before each pulse applies, rotor is still positioned at described acute angle position;
---the energy of each pulse is little of making rotor leave described acute angle position within the angle of regulation;
---the waveform of each pulse is identical;
Detect electric current that the described winding of each leisure of these pulses produces and compare their size, connect described switch when the polarity of ac power supply is identical with the polarity of the voltage pulse producing small electric stream, make described ac power supply continue input alternating current to described winding.
2. according to ventilation fan described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described pulse makes described ac power supply half-wave voltage put on described winding by the regulation angle of flow to be formed.
3. according to ventilation fan described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the described angle of flow is not more than described ac power supply 1/8 cycle.
4. according to ventilation fan described in claim 2 or claim 3, it is characterized in that, described pulse interval is successively no less than 1 cycle of described ac power supply.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510650460.3A CN105201885B (en) | 2015-10-07 | 2015-10-07 | A kind of ventilation fan of single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor direct drive |
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| CN201510650460.3A CN105201885B (en) | 2015-10-07 | 2015-10-07 | A kind of ventilation fan of single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor direct drive |
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| CN105201885B CN105201885B (en) | 2017-10-10 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106151077A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2016-11-23 | 叶露微 | A kind of small-power reversible ventilation fan |
| CN106870414A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-06-20 | 叶露微 | The small ventilator that a kind of single-phase motor drives |
| CN106899107A (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2017-06-27 | 叶露微 | The small-sized ventilation fan that a kind of single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor drives |
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| CN106899107A (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2017-06-27 | 叶露微 | The small-sized ventilation fan that a kind of single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor drives |
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Inventor after: Ye Luwei Inventor after: Qu Yaohan Inventor before: Ye Luwei |
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Effective date of registration: 20170830 Address after: 529200 Guangdong Province, Jiangmen city Pengjiang District Binjiang Road No. 1 gold Linglu Applicant after: JiangMen JinLing Fan Manufactorying Co., Ltd. Address before: 529020 Guangdong East Road, Pengjiang District, East dike Bay Garden, one of the buildings, 102, 4, Applicant before: Ye Luwei |
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