CN106151077A - Low-power bidirectional scavenger fan - Google Patents
Low-power bidirectional scavenger fan Download PDFInfo
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- CN106151077A CN106151077A CN201610643943.5A CN201610643943A CN106151077A CN 106151077 A CN106151077 A CN 106151077A CN 201610643943 A CN201610643943 A CN 201610643943A CN 106151077 A CN106151077 A CN 106151077A
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- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009790 rate-determining step (RDS) Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008450 motivation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004247 hand Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/08—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/08—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation
- F04D25/12—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation the unit being adapted for mounting in apertures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides a miniwatt bidirectional type scavenger fan, axial-flow type impeller diameter of moulding plastics is within 250mm, and the air gap between motor stator and the permanent magnet rotor narrows down along setting for the circumferencial direction under each utmost point, and stator winding connects to alternating current power supply and control through the switch and is: the motor steering depends on the ventilation direction, the switch is switched on to enable each polarity of the power supply to apply a winding by at least 1 half-wave voltage according to a specified conduction angle, each half-wave current is detected, and after each half-wave current shows an obvious size, if the motor steering is the same as the set circumferential direction, the half-wave with the same polarity as the voltage generating the smaller current is conducted by a specified phase shift angle; if the voltage reaches the specified value, all the power supply half-waves are conducted when the polarities of the power supply voltage, the voltage when the winding current is zero and the time change rate of the voltage are the same; the synchronous operation is entered after the conduction reaches the specified times. Thereby realizing the bidirectional work of the ventilator.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of small-power reversible ventilation fan, in International Patent Classification (IPC), classification can belong to F04D27/
00。
Background technology
Ventilation fan uses and has a large capacity and a wide range, long operational time, needs manufacture low cost and energy saving in running badly.Most of ventilation fans lead to
Chang Wuxu speed governing, prior art inquired into and uses permasyn morot instead and drive, can obvious energy-saving material-saving.But, traditional forever
Magnetic-synchro motor, uses labyrinth then manufacturing cost higher, uses easy structure then direction of rotation uncertain, thus fails
For small-power reversible ventilation fan.Small-power reversible ventilation fan the most still commonly uses Asynchronous Motor Driving, to reach
Bi-direction controlled.Standard GB/T/T 14806-2003 " domestic exchange ventilation fan and speed regulator with similar applications " gives double
To the technology requirement of formula ventilation fan.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is: proposing a kind of small-power reversible ventilation fan, it is by permanent magnet synchronous electric
Motivation drives, and can reach bi-direction controlled, but relatively simple for structure relatively low with cost.
It is a kind of small-power reversible ventilation fan that the present invention solves the technical scheme of technical problem, including motor and drive
Dynamic impeller, it is characterised in that: impeller is axial-flow type and injection mo(u)lding, and diameter is not more than 250mm；Described motor includes:
The stator of same number of poles and p-m rotor；Between described stator and rotor, the width of air gap is in each extremely lower along setting
Fixed circumferencial direction narrows, thus in a free state, rotor each pole axis line with the axis of hithermost stator one pole as reference,
A sharp angle is deflected along the circumferencial direction set；
Switch；The winding of described stator have regulation around to, be access to alternating current power supply through this switch；
Control circuit；Including testing circuit and plug-in, this plug-in drives institute containing by the signal detected
State and switch to control the starting rate-determining steps that described alternating current power supply inputs the electric current of described winding；Described step includes:
A) receive the main signal that makes of ventilation fan operative orientation, and determine the direction of rotation of motor according to this signal；
B) connect described switch, make the most opposite polarity each 1 half-wave voltage of described alternating current power supply by the regulation angle of flow
Putting on described winding, each half-wave voltage described interval one be enough to the time making described rotor stop, and detection is therefore described
Each electric current that winding produces；
C) numerical value at each electric current described present obvious size point after, if the rotation side of the described motor determined
When identical with the circumferencial direction of described setting, to the power supply identical with the polarity of voltage producing smaller current half then arrived
Ripple is with regulation phase shifting angle conducting, and phase shifting angle half-wave one by one is sequentially reduced；If the direction of rotation of the described motor determined and institute
State the circumferencial direction of setting contrary time, to the mains half-wave identical with the polarity of voltage producing larger current then arrived with rule
Determine phase shifting angle conducting, and phase shifting angle half-wave one by one is sequentially reduced；
D) measuring winding current is voltage when zero, the power supply after this voltage reaches setting, to institute's polarized thereafter
Half-wave is all at the polarity that the polarity of described supply voltage, winding current are voltage when zero and the rate of change of this current versus time
The moment that polarity is identical turns on immediately；This conducting accumulative reaches stipulated number, and motor enters synchronous operation and controls.
Starting to this motor, can design the rightabout at main flux axis is described with permanent magnet flux axes intersect
Connecting alternating current power supply half-wave now during sharp angle, rotor magnetic pole is i.e. set rotation side by magnetic pole of the stator hithermost with it edge
To repulsion, thus make motor start by the direction of rotation set, make ventilation fan work by corresponding air-flow conveying direction.If this
Shi Gaiwei connects the alternating current power supply half-wave of opposite polarity, and the direction of main flux axis is i.e. adjusted instead, directly with permanent magnet flux axis phase
Handing over is described sharp angle, and rotor magnetic pole i.e. changes into by magnetic pole of the stator hithermost with it along the rightabout setting direction of rotation
Attract, thus make motor start by the rightabout of the direction of rotation set, make ventilation fan by contrary air-flow conveying direction
Work.To above-mentioned situation, the technical program, based on ferromagnetic saturated principle, finds dexterously and utilizes permanent magnet flux and main flux side
Otherwise iron circuit increases when identical magnetic makes motor inductance decline so that electric current increases and then electric current reduces this phenomenon, with this electricity
Flow diversity judgement, adjustment motor pulls in the SBR run, and reaches the directional starting that ventilation fan is bi-direction controlled.
The technical program is without using there is sensor control method and controlling without the detection of sensor counter electromotive force of prior art
Preparation method, reduces and starts the complexity of control program and want the fast-response energy of components and parts and the electromagnetic compatibility of circuit arrangement
Ask, thus cost reduces and properties of product are more stable.Especially can more make full use of the stator field driving force to p-m rotor
Square and avoid the moment of resistance, meets the requirement that the controllable bidirectional to this motor rotates.
One of further design of technique scheme is: when described ventilation fan works by discharge directions, described determines
The direction of rotation of motor is identical with the circumferencial direction of described setting；When airintake direction work pressed by described ventilation fan, described determine
The direction of rotation of motor contrary with the circumferencial direction of described setting.Theoretical and experiment shows, the direction of rotation of this motor
Staring torque time identical with the circumferencial direction of described setting is big compared with time in opposite direction, is more suitable for ventilation fan and works by exhaust condition
Load bigger situation.
The two of the further design of technique scheme are, in described step b) item require to include each voltage:
Before each voltage applies, rotor is still located at described sharply angled position；
The energy of each voltage applied is little to making rotor leave described sharply angled position within the angle of regulation；
The waveform of each voltage applied is identical.
This is designed with and beneficially keeps impact down to current difference saturated on iron circuit, and can have response faster, more
Implement well directional starting control.
Technical scheme and effect will combine accompanying drawing in a specific embodiment and be further described.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is embodiment of the present invention ventilation fan basic frame for movement master map；
Fig. 2 is embodiment of the present invention ventilation fan motor electromagnetism basic structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is embodiment of the present invention ventilation fan electromotor control circuit schematic diagram；
1st kind of starting situation signal waveform schematic diagram of motor when Fig. 4 is embodiment of the present invention ventilation fan exhaust work；
2nd kind of starting situation signal waveform schematic diagram of motor when Fig. 5 is embodiment of the present invention ventilation fan exhaust work；
1st kind of starting situation signal waveform schematic diagram of motor when Fig. 6 is embodiment of the present invention ventilation fan air inlet work；
2nd kind of starting situation signal waveform schematic diagram of motor when Fig. 7 is embodiment of the present invention ventilation fan air inlet work.
Detailed description of the invention
The basic frame for movement of embodiment of the present invention ventilation fan is as it is shown in figure 1, be (can at traditional domestic reversible ventilation fan
See Guangdong Science Press June the 1st edition " household ventilation fan and application thereof " in 1985) on the basis of improve and form, mainly wrap
Include:
Be fixed on the motor 2 of casing, by pull rope 31 manipulation double loop three-position type conversion type pullswitches 3 and
The circuit board 32 that it is connected；
Being directly connected in the aial flow impeller 1 that this motor output shaft rotates counterclockwise, it has 4 blades；Press
Blast requirement, the number of blade can also be 3,5 or 6, it is desirable that not more than 8, and odd number sheet as far as possible, makes an uproar reducing vibration
Sound.Impeller is injection mo(u)lding, diameter 100mm.Impeller maximum does not exceeds diameter 250mm, and rotary inertia is the least, to coordinate electricity
The staring torque that motivation 2 is the biggest；
Motor 2 is inner rotor motor, including stator 100 and p-m rotor 200.
This motor electromagnetism basic structure is as shown in Figure 2.It can be seen that
Rotor 200, is that its cross section is divided into the sector of 4 symmetrical 90 ° with two orthogonal axis of symmetry 400
And the 4 pole p-m rotors that each radial magnetizing is N, S, N, S；
Stator 100 is made up of the circular iron core 101 and winding 102 with 4 salient poles；Winding 102 is at 4 salient poles
Each around a coil part 102 with Insulating frame, then by around being 4 poles to being connected in series, and thus produce 4 poles when energising
Pass through the main flux of air gap between rotor；
Between each salient pole of stator core 101 and rotor 200, the width gradual change in the counterclockwise direction of air gap narrows；Therefore exist
Free state i.e. no power and without outer gas stream and rotational structure good in the case of, rotor 200 is attracted by stator core, respectively
The geometrical axis of pole i.e. passes through the permanent magnet flux axis 700,800 of air gap between rotor respectively with the geometry of adjacent stators salient pole
It is reference that axis i.e. passes through the main flux axis 500,600 of air gap between rotor, in the counterclockwise direction less sharp of deflection one
Angle Ω.It is 5 ° (electrical angles 10 °) that the present embodiment designs this mechanical angle.Ratio that this angle can narrow with gradual change and change, and shadow
Ring detent torque and efficiency.This design can avoid rotor in a free state to stay in the dead in line of its axis and stator salient poles
And detent torque is what is called " dead point " position of zero when making energising, the reluctance torque formed also helps and prevents turning in operating
Son does not produce torque and stall when alternating current zero passage；
Embodiment of the present invention ventilation fan electromotor control circuit is as it is shown on figure 3, main by being fixed on drawing of ventilation fan bottom
Wiretap 3 and the circuit board 32 connected thereof form, and this circuit is provided with:
Bidirectional thyristor 4, its main electrode is connected with winding 102 and is followed by toward ac power supply terminal 5；
Single-chip microcomputer 6, its output circuit 63 (does not shows in figure through conventional photoelectric coupling circuit or transformer isolation circuit
Go out) it is access to the trigger electrode 41 of bidirectional thyristor 4, if output pulse i.e. triggers IGCT 4 and turns on, alternating current power supply half-wave electricity now
Pressure i.e. starts to put on input winding 12 until this half-wave zero passage terminates, defeated with this voltage synchronous and the most delayed pulse current
Enter winding 12；
The shaping circuit being made up of resistance 7 and diode 8,9 and 5V DC source VDD, its input is access to exchange
Power supply terminal 5, output B is 0 when being 1 negative half-wave when the polarity of voltage positive half-wave of ac power supply terminal 5, and output B is become by 1
Be 0 or become from 01 moment i.e. AC supply voltage zero crossing.Output B is access to the input circuit 61 of single-chip microcomputer 6, provides it
Alternating current power supply crossover point signal；
Winding 12 connects publicly through resistance 13, and this resistance is the sample resistance detecting the electric current by winding 12；Around
The converted circuit of junction point 621 of group 12 and resistance 13 is access to the input circuit 62 of single-chip microcomputer, for checking the electricity at resistance 13
Pressure drop also determines the electric current by winding 12 with this.Change-over circuit 621 may be designed as isolating clamp circuit sampling transformer
The tested alternating voltage of primary connection, secondary superposition one is higher than inputting monolithic after the constant DC voltage of tested alternating voltage peak
Machine, i.e. can determine that the instantaneous value of alternating voltage through A/D conversion.Certainly, it is possible to select the chip containing above-mentioned functions to replace single-chip microcomputer 6
With change-over circuit 621.In addition it is also possible to current transformer replaces resistance 13 and sampling transformer obtains the electric current by winding 12
Sampling, the power consumption of testing circuit can be reduced；
Winding 12 is access to monolithic with the end that connects of IGCT 4 main electrode through conventional bleeder circuit (not shown)
The input circuit 64 of machine, is voltage when zero for detecting winding 12 electric current；
The common of pullswitch 3 is access to the input circuit 65 of single-chip microcomputer, and one of fixed contact is access to 5V unidirectional current
Source VDD, another connects publicly so that input circuit 65 is connected VDD and is in high level, connects and is in low level publicly.
This motor is also referred to as single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, refers to 2007 Qingdao university Lin Jiang degree of heap of stone
Paper " single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor emi analysis ".Relevant routine techniques refers to technology handss such as " motor engineering handbooks "
Volume and textbook.Pertinent regulations value generally can be obtained by experiment statistics.
Single-chip microcomputer 6 plug-in checks the level of input circuit 61,62,64 and 65 essentially according to setting procedure, through measuring,
Relatively, differentiate, output circuit 63 export the pulse triggering IGCT 4.
Embodiment of the present invention motor is predetermined turn to clockwise, counterclockwise each two kinds of starting situation each signal waveform such as Fig. 4,
Shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7:
51 is the voltage waveform of ac power supply terminal 5；
The waveform that 52 is shaping circuit output B；
534～537 is that the corresponding situation alternating current power supply that starts puts on the waveform of voltage of winding 12 and electric current is zero
Time winding 12 the waveform of voltage；
54f～i is the waveform of the electric current of winding 12；
554～557 is the voltage pulse waveforms that single-chip microcomputer 6 output circuit 63 exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4.
This embodiment ac power frequency is to be 20ms in cycle during 50Hz.
Single-chip microcomputer 6 plug-in includes performing the following steps:
Time delay electrical angle t1=5/6 π is played from the 1st of AC supply voltage the positive zero crossing (voltage is by just bearing change, lower same),
The output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is to the trigger electrode 41 output voltage pulse k1 of IGCT 4, and IGCT 4 turns on, and makes alternating current power supply just
Polarity half-wave voltage v1 puts on winding 12 with the electrical angle t2=1/6 π angle of flow and produces the 1st electric current i1, and detects its maximum
(its meansigma methods, virtual value or the instantaneous value in other regulation moment can certainly be detected, lower same).
Then, from the 1st of AC supply voltage the negative zero crossing, (voltage is by just becoming negative, lower same；Steady statue depending on rotor
Can delay further, as the 2nd or the 3rd ... individual negative zero crossing, to guarantee to apply potential pulse eve, such as Fig. 1 rotor 2 magnetic
Logical axis 21 is still generally in the position deflecting about 10 ° with the horizontal axis 113 of stator two pole for reference in the counterclockwise direction,
Lower same) play time delay electrical angle 5/6 π, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is to the trigger electrode 41 output voltage pulse k2 of IGCT 4, brilliant
Brake tube 4 turns on, and makes alternating current power supply negative polarity half-wave voltage v2 put on winding 12 with the electrical angle t2=1/6 π angle of flow and produces the 2nd
Electric current i2, and detect its maximum.
Then, single-chip microcomputer 6 plug-in compares the maximum of electric current i1, i2, each by following two kinds of predetermined direction of rotation
Two kinds of situations are controlled:
(1) predetermined ventilation fan works by exhaust condition, and stear drawing line switch 3 makes input circuit 65 connect VDD and be in height
Level, i.e. motor are predetermined by turning to counterclockwise.Its 1st kind starts situation such as Fig. 4, and polarity orientation residing for p-m rotor 2 is just
The rightabout of the main flux axis that polarity alternating current power supply half-wave produces and permanent magnet flux axes intersect are described acute angle, and i1 is obvious
Less than i2, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 immediately:
From the 2nd positive zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 3/4 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k3 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding 12 with the angle of flow 1/4 π defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v3
Generation electric current i3, then,
From the 3rd positive zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 5/9 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k4 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v4 of the angle of flow 4/9 π
12, produce the electric current i4 increased than i3, then,
From the 4th positive zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 1/4 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k5 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v5 of the angle of flow 3/4 π
12, produce the electric current i5 increased than i4.
Visible, alternating current power supply puts on the angle of flow and the increase of electric current half-wave one by one of winding 12, and its field drives permanent magnetism turns
Son 2 accelerating torques, the input circuit 64 of single-chip microcomputer detects that winding 12 is at voltage e3～the e5 half-wave the most one by one that electric current is when zero
Increasing, during until electric current i5 reverts to zero, detect that e5 is more than setting in the value of a G, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is to crystalline substance
The moment that potential pulse k6～k8 of trigger electrode 41 output of brake tube 4 changes into meeting following condition sends:
The polarity of supply voltage, winding current are polarity and the rate of change of this current versus time of voltage when zero
Polarity is identical.
For the sake of reliable, the most also can increase following two conditions or its one of:
The electric current of winding 12 is that voltage when zero is in prescribed limit；
This time be engraved in stipulated time interval.
The electric current of each half-wave voltage v6～v8 and electric current i6～i8 and winding 12 that put on winding 12 seen from Fig. 4 is
The waveform of voltage e6～e8 when zero, now the rotating speed of rotor 2 generally continues to rise.
The accumulative conducting meeting above-mentioned condition reaches stipulated number, and the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is to the triggering of IGCT 4
The potential pulse kt of pole 41 output changes into sending by the control condition of synchronous operation, and with the complete or defect half-sinusoid synchronized
Voltage vt puts on winding 12, produces synchronous operation electric current it.This control condition the most also includes: the polarity of supply voltage, around
Group electric current is that the polarity of voltage when zero is identical with the polarity of the rate of change of this current versus time, also can be plus for obtaining best effective
The closed loop feedback of rate or adaptation power-supply fluctuation controls, including the angle of flow adjusting IGCT 4 so that winding current is electricity when zero
Pressure be zero moment be positioned at the control at midpoint in the time zone that winding current is zero as far as possible.
Compare reality based on map sheet shown in Fig. 4 to have simplified, such as:
Initial size of current has more only replaced 1 time, actual for the sake of reliable, can replace the most several times again, but
The startup time will extend；
Thereafter, the single polarity current applying to increase one by one only has 3, and this electric current number actual generally compares many, right
When rotor and load rotating inertia are bigger especially needed；
Finally, adding up qualified conducting and i.e. enter synchronous operation control only 3 times, actual frequency is also wanted the most very
Many, typically should not be preferably up to about 30 times less than 20 times, to guarantee that stable entrance runs simultaneously.
(2) before, motor as described in (1) is predetermined by turning to counterclockwise, and its 2nd kind starts situation such as Fig. 5, p-m rotor 2
Residing polarity orientation is rightabout and the permanent magnet flux axes intersect of the main flux axis that negative polarity alternating current power supply half-wave produces
For described acute angle, i2 is significantly less than i1, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 immediately:
From the 2nd negative zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 3/4 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k3 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding 12 with the angle of flow 1/4 π defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v3
Generation electric current i3, then,
From the 3rd negative zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 5/9 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k4 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v4 of the angle of flow 4/9 π
12, produce the electric current i4 increased than i3, then,
From the 4th negative zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 1/4 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k5 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v5 of the angle of flow 3/4 π
12, produce the electric current i5 increased than i4.
It is also seen that alternating current power supply puts on the angle of flow and the increase of electric current half-wave one by one of winding 12, its field drives is forever
Magnet rotor 2 accelerating torque, the input circuit 64 of single-chip microcomputer detects that winding 12 is that the half-wave the most one by one of voltage when zero increases at electric current
Greatly, when electric current i5 reverts to zero, detect that the voltage of winding 12 is more than setting, the output circuit of single-chip microcomputer 6 in the value of a G
63 potential pulse k6～k8 exported to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4 change the moment of condition described in (1) before meeting into and send out
Going out, situation thereafter is basic as before described in (1).
(3) air-suction state work pressed by predetermined ventilation fan, and stear drawing line switch 3 makes input circuit 65 connect to be in publicly
Low level, i.e. motor are predetermined by turning to clockwise.Its 1st kind starts situation such as Fig. 6, and polarity orientation residing for p-m rotor 2 is
The rightabout of the main flux axis that positive polarity alternating current power supply half-wave produces and permanent magnet flux axes intersect are described acute angle, and i1 is bright
Aobvious more than i2, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 immediately:
From the 2nd positive zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 3/4 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k3 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding 12 with the angle of flow 1/4 π defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v3
Generation electric current i3, then,
From the 3rd positive zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 5/9 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k4 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v4 of the angle of flow 4/9 π
12, produce the electric current i4 increased than i3, then,
From the 4th positive zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 1/4 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k5 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v5 of the angle of flow 3/4 π
12, produce the electric current i5 increased than i4.
It is also seen that alternating current power supply puts on the angle of flow and the increase of electric current half-wave one by one of winding 12, its field drives is forever
Magnet rotor 2 accelerating torque, the input circuit 64 of single-chip microcomputer detects that winding 12 is that the half-wave the most one by one of voltage when zero increases at electric current
Greatly, when electric current i5 reverts to zero, detect that the voltage of winding 12 is more than setting, the output circuit of single-chip microcomputer 6 in the value of G point
63 potential pulse k6～k8 exported to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4 change the moment of condition described in (1) before meeting into and send out
Go out.Thereafter situation is before as described in (1).
(4) before, motor as described in (3) is predetermined by turning to clockwise, and its 2nd kind starts situation such as Fig. 7, p-m rotor 2
Residing polarity orientation is rightabout and the permanent magnet flux axes intersect of the main flux axis that negative polarity alternating current power supply half-wave produces
For described acute angle, i2 is significantly greater than i1, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 immediately:
From the 2nd negative zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 3/4 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k3 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding 12 with the angle of flow 1/4 π defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v3
Generation electric current i3, then,
From the 3rd negative zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 5/9 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k4 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v4 of the angle of flow 4/9 π
12, produce the electric current i4 increased than i3, then,
From the 4th negative zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 1/4 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k5 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v5 of the angle of flow 3/4 π
12, produce the electric current i5 increased than i4.
It is also seen that alternating current power supply puts on the angle of flow and the increase of electric current half-wave one by one of winding 12, its field drives is forever
Magnet rotor 2 accelerating torque, the input circuit 64 of single-chip microcomputer detects that winding 12 is that the half-wave the most one by one of voltage when zero increases at electric current
Greatly, when electric current i5 reverts to zero, detect that the voltage of winding 12 is more than setting, the output circuit of single-chip microcomputer 6 in the value of G point
63 potential pulse k6～k8 exported to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4 change the moment of condition described in (1) before meeting into and send out
Go out.Thereafter situation is basic as before described in (1).
The above " substantially " refer to difference more than 30%, described " close " refers to that difference is within 10%.
This embodiment can have and designs amendment as follows:
It can be the most multiple positive pulse that initial size of current compares the pulse of applying, is followed by multiple negative arteries and veins
Punching；This positive and negative order is adjustable instead, and pulse number also visual concrete motor has been increased and decreased by laboratory observation.The angle of flow of pulse is also
Visual concrete motor has been increased and decreased by laboratory observation, preferably makes the difference of big electric current and little electric current no less than 30%.Right
In the motor that shaft power is the biggest, the rarely seen rotor of motor of the angle of flow half-wave zero load energising of electrical angle 1/6 π is slightly trembled
Dynamic.Experiment shows, the energy of this pulse makes rotor leave angle only no more than 1/6 π of described sharply angled position, would not be to electricity
The control of motivation makes a significant impact.Further, preferably make to be all difference that is big or that be all little each electric current and be not more than 10%；
Detection to electric current, in addition to maximum, it is also possible to be meansigma methods, virtual value or other phase in the same time instantaneous
Value；
Comparison to each electric current, in addition to directly comparing, it is also possible to setting compares；
The main of ventilation fan working air current direction is selected to make signal can also change the electrical switch handled by remote controller into
Send；
Ventilation fan motor is 4 poles, and its control mechanism is also applied for such motor of 2 poles or other number of poles.
Claims (4)
1. a small-power reversible ventilation fan, including motor and the impeller of driving thereof, it is characterised in that: impeller is axial-flow type
And injection mo(u)lding, diameter is not more than 250mm；Described motor includes:
The stator of same number of poles and p-m rotor；Between described stator and rotor, the width of air gap sets in each extremely lower edge
Circumferencial direction narrows, thus in a free state, and rotor each pole axis line is with the axis of hithermost stator one pole as reference, along setting
Fixed circumferencial direction deflects a sharp angle；
Switch；The winding of described stator have regulation around to, be access to alternating current power supply through this switch；
Control circuit；Including testing circuit and plug-in, this plug-in is opened described in driving as the signal detected
Close to control the starting rate-determining steps that described alternating current power supply inputs the electric current of described winding；Described step includes:
A) receive the main signal that makes of ventilation fan airflow direction, and determine the direction of rotation of motor according to this signal；
B) connect described switch, make the most opposite polarity each 1 half-wave voltage of described alternating current power supply apply by the regulation angle of flow
In described winding, each half-wave voltage described interval one be enough to the time making described rotor stop, and detection is therefore at described winding
Each electric current produced；
C) numerical value at each electric current described present obvious size point after, if the direction of rotation of the described motor determined with
When the circumferencial direction of described setting is identical, to then arrive with the identical mains half-wave of polarity of voltage producing smaller current with
Regulation phase shifting angle turns on, and phase shifting angle half-wave one by one is sequentially reduced；If the direction of rotation of the described motor determined sets with described
When fixed circumferencial direction is contrary, the mains half-wave identical with the polarity of voltage producing larger current then arrived is moved with regulation
Phase angle turns on, and phase shifting angle half-wave one by one is sequentially reduced；
D) measuring winding current is voltage when zero, the mains half-wave after this voltage reaches setting, to institute's polarized thereafter
All in the polarity that the polarity of described supply voltage, winding current are voltage when zero and the polarity of the rate of change of this current versus time
The identical moment turns on immediately；This conducting accumulative reaches stipulated number, and motor enters synchronous operation and controls.
2., according to ventilation fan described in claim 1, it is characterised in that it is characterized in that, described ventilation fan air-flow is discharge directions
Time, the direction of rotation of the described motor determined is identical with the circumferencial direction of described setting；Described ventilation fan air-flow is air inlet side
Xiang Shi, the direction of rotation of the described motor determined is contrary with the circumferencial direction of described setting.
3. according to ventilation fan described in claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that to each voltage in described step b) item
Require to include:
Before each voltage applies, rotor is still located at described sharply angled position；
The energy of each voltage applied is little to making rotor leave described sharply angled position within the angle of regulation；
The waveform of each voltage applied is identical.
4. according to ventilation fan described in claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that described stipulated number is no less than 20 times.
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| CN201610643943.5A CN106151077B (en) | 2016-08-09 | 2016-08-09 | A kind of small-power reversible ventilation fan |
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| CN201610643943.5A CN106151077B (en) | 2016-08-09 | 2016-08-09 | A kind of small-power reversible ventilation fan |
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| CN106151077B CN106151077B (en) | 2018-10-16 |
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| CN105071721A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-11-18 | 叶露微 | Small-power ventilation fan directly driven by micro permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| CN105156343A (en) * | 2015-07-05 | 2015-12-16 | 叶露微 | Low-power ventilation fan |
| CN105201885A (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2015-12-30 | 叶露微 | Ventilating fan directly driven by single-phase self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5598071A (en) * | 1994-07-11 | 1997-01-28 | Seagate Technology | Method for starting and commutating a permanent-magnet direct current motor having a single phase winding |
| CN1636308A (en) * | 1999-05-26 | 2005-07-06 | 扬丘·伦古 | Method and circuit for controlling an electronically commutated two-phase reluctance machine |
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| CN106151077B (en) | 2018-10-16 |
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Effective date of registration: 20180830 Address after: 529200 Binjiang Road, Pengjiang Road, Jiangmen, Guangdong 1 Applicant after: JiangMen JinLing Fan Manufactorying Co., Ltd. Address before: 529020, 4 of the East dike garden, Pengjiang Road, Pengjiang, Jiangmen, 102 Applicant before: Ye Luwei |
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