CN106230327A - A kind of directional starting control method of single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor - Google Patents
A kind of directional starting control method of single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN106230327A CN106230327A CN201610597730.3A CN201610597730A CN106230327A CN 106230327 A CN106230327 A CN 106230327A CN 201610597730 A CN201610597730 A CN 201610597730A CN 106230327 A CN106230327 A CN 106230327A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/20—Arrangements for starting
- H02P6/22—Arrangements for starting in a selected direction of rotation
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Abstract
The directional starting control method of a kind of single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, this motor includes stator and p-m rotor, and between stator and rotor, the width of air gap narrows in each extremely lower edge setting circumferencial direction；Stator winding have regulation around to, through switch be access to alternating current power supply；Control circuit includes testing circuit and plug-in；Plug-in drives switch to control the starting rate-determining steps of the electric current of alternating current power supply input winding containing by the signal detected: a) ON switch, make 1 half-wave voltage of institute's alternating current power supply put on winding by the regulation angle of flow, and detect the electric current therefore produced at winding；If b) electric current meets regulation, switch is the most persistently connected with the regulation angle of flow by AC mains cycle, and motor enters synchronous operation；Otherwise, after one be enough to the time making rotor reliably stop, starting to repeat said process from step a).This design reduces the complexity of control program and to components and parts and the requirement of circuit, and cost reduces and properties of product are more stable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the directional starting control method of a kind of single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, particularly relate to without single
The directional starting control method of this motor electronically controlled of only rotor-position detecting element, at International Patent Classification (IPC)
In, classification can belong to H02P6/18.
Background technology
Prior art is led to without the electronically controlled single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor of independent rotor-position detecting element
Crossing detection winding current is that counter electromotive force when zero carries out the predetermined starting turned to control, it is seen that earlier application CN102904510A
Deng.Experiment shows, the capacity of resisting disturbance of quickly response and the layout thereof of components and parts is required higher by the method, thus relatively costly
And product quality is understable.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is: propose the directional starting of a kind of single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor
Control method, it can avoid problem described in background technology, and detection controls fairly simple, thus more stable reliable and reduce cost.
The present invention solves the directional starting that the technical scheme of technical problem is a kind of single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor
Control method, described motor includes:
The stator of same number of poles and p-m rotor；Between described stator and rotor, the width of air gap is in each extremely lower along setting
Fixed circumferencial direction narrows, thus in a free state, rotor each pole axis line with the axis of hithermost stator one pole as reference,
A sharp angle is deflected along the circumferencial direction set；
Switch；The winding of described stator have regulation around to, be access to alternating current power supply through this switch；
Control circuit；Including testing circuit and plug-in, this plug-in drives institute containing by the signal detected
State and switch to control the method for starting-controlling that described alternating current power supply inputs the electric current of described winding；
It is characterized in that, described method for starting-controlling comprises the following steps:
A) connect described switch, make 1 half-wave voltage of described alternating current power supply put on described winding by the regulation angle of flow, and
The electric current that therefore detection produces at described winding；
If b) described electric current meets regulation, described switch is the most persistently by described AC mains cycle and regulation conducting corner connection
Logical, motor enters synchronous operation；Otherwise, after one be enough to make the time that described rotor reliably stops, starting weight from step a)
Multiple said process.
The starting of described Electronic Control directional-rotation single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, can design at main flux axis
Rightabout and permanent magnet flux axes intersect connect alternating current power supply half-wave now when being described sharp angle, rotor magnetic pole is i.e.
By magnetic pole of the stator hithermost with it along setting direction of rotation repulsion, thus motor is made to start by the direction of rotation set, this
Just required for product.If now changing connecting the alternating current power supply half-wave of opposite polarity into, the direction of main flux axis is i.e. adjusted instead,
Direct and permanent magnet flux axes intersect is described sharp angle, and rotor magnetic pole i.e. changes into by magnetic pole of the stator hithermost with it along setting
The rightabout determining direction of rotation attracts, thus makes motor start by the rightabout of the direction of rotation set, and this is product
Undesirable.To above-mentioned situation, the technical program, based on ferromagnetic saturated principle, finds and utilizes permanent magnet flux and master dexterously
Otherwise iron circuit increases when flow direction is identical magnetic makes motor inductance decline so that electric current increases and then electric current reduces this phenomenon,
With this current difference judge, adjust this motor pull in run SBR, reach directional starting.
The technical program, without using the counter electromotive force detection method of prior art, reduces the complexity starting control program
With to the fast-response energy of components and parts and the EMC Requirements of circuit arrangement, thus cost reduces and properties of product are more steady
Fixed.
The technical program " described electric current meets regulation ", i.e. based on described " current difference ", is judged by on-line checking
Or the setting determined with experiment statistics judges.For on-line checking, described step particularly as follows:
Connecting described switch makes at least 2 half-wave voltages of described alternating current power supply put on described winding by the regulation angle of flow,
Each half-wave voltage described interval one be enough to the time making described rotor reliably stop；Detection therefore described winding produce each
Individual electric current, if one of following situation occurs:
A) numerical value at each electric current present obvious size point after；
B) numerical value at each electric current present obvious size point and after again less electric current occurring；
C) numerical value at each electric current present obvious size point and that electric current of most end when being rendered as less numerical value；
The most described electric current meets regulation, and described switch is the most persistently by described AC mains cycle and regulation conducting corner connection
Logical, motor enters synchronous operation.
Described step further particularly as follows:
Connect described switch, make the 1st half-wave voltage of described alternating current power supply put on described winding by the regulation angle of flow, and
The 1st electric current that therefore detection produces at described winding, after one be enough to make the time that described rotor reliably stops, described alternating current
Another 1 half-wave voltage in source puts on described winding by the regulation angle of flow, and detects the 2nd electric current therefore produced at described winding；
If the 2nd electric current is significantly less than the 1st electric current, the most described electric current meets regulation, and described switch is the most persistently by institute
Stating AC mains cycle to connect with the regulation angle of flow, motor enters synchronous operation；
Otherwise, after one be enough to make the time that described rotor reliably stops, making described alternating current power supply 1 half-wave electricity again
Press and put on described winding by the regulation angle of flow, and detect the 3rd electric current therefore produced at described winding；
If the 3rd electric current be significantly less than before each electric current or close to the smaller in the most each electric current, the most described electric current
Meeting regulation, described switch is the most persistently connected with the regulation angle of flow by described AC mains cycle, and motor enters and synchronizes fortune
OK；
Otherwise, after one be enough to make the time that described rotor reliably stops, making described alternating current power supply 1 half-wave electricity again
Press and put on described winding by the regulation angle of flow, and detect the 4th electric current therefore produced at described winding；
If the 4th electric current be significantly less than before each electric current or close to the smaller in the most each electric current, the most described electric current
Meeting regulation, described switch is the most persistently connected with the regulation angle of flow by described AC mains cycle, and motor enters and synchronizes fortune
OK；
..., so repeat, until the electric current therefore produced at described winding each electric current or close to it before being significantly less than
Smaller in front each electric current, the most described electric current meets regulation, and described switch is the most persistently by described AC mains cycle and rule
Determining the angle of flow to connect, motor enters synchronous operation.
It is controlled with on-line checking, it is possible to decrease to product and the conforming requirement of institute's bringing onto load thereof.
One of further design of technique scheme is: described electric current is the wink in identical regulation moment in power supply each cycle
Duration, and this regulation moment be desirably no more than described alternating current power supply 1/8 cycle.Rotor generally connects at described switch due to its inertia
Position is not significantly changed after logical in alternating current power supply 1/8 this short time of cycle, thus keeps saturated down to electric current to iron circuit
The impact of difference, and can have response faster, preferably implement directional starting and control.
The two of the further design of technique scheme are: described each alternating current power supply half-wave voltage is same polarity.This sets
In respect of being beneficial to avoid the conforming impact of rotor magnetic pole.
The three of the further design of technique scheme are: described each alternating current power supply half-wave voltage includes opposite polarity two
Plant voltage, and it put on described winding by the regulation angle of flow and specifically includes:
Before each voltage applies, rotor is still located at described sharply angled position；
The energy of each voltage applied is little to making rotor leave described sharply angled position within the angle of regulation；
The waveform of each voltage applied is identical.
This is designed with and beneficially shortens the starting time, and if described two kinds of voltages alternately apply, also can shorten starting further
Time.
The motor rotated for the predetermined circumferencial direction according to described setting, described switch is the most persistently by described exchange
The concrete operations that power cycle is connected with the regulation angle of flow are designed as:
If the mains half-wave polarity first arrived is identical with the polarity of voltage producing smaller current, to this power supply half
Ripple is with regulation phase shifting angle conducting；Otherwise, the angle of flow to this mains half-wave is zero, the power supply half to the opposite polarity then arrived
Ripple is with regulation phase shifting angle conducting；Then, make mains half-wave conducting identical with the polarity of voltage producing smaller current subsequently, but move
Phase angle reduces successively；
Measuring winding current is voltage when zero, the electricity after this voltage reaches setting, to institute's polarized thereafter
Source half-wave all immediately begins to turn in the moment meeting following condition:
The polarity of described supply voltage, winding current are polarity and the change of this current versus time of voltage when zero
The polarity of rate is identical；
Or the moment meeting following condition the most at the same time immediately begins to turn on:
A) polarity of described supply voltage, winding current are polarity and the rate of change of this current versus time of voltage when zero
Polarity identical；
B) described winding current is that voltage when zero is in prescribed limit；
C) stipulated time it is engraved in time described interval；
The accumulative conducting meeting above-mentioned condition reaches stipulated number, and motor enters synchronous operation and controls.
The motor rotated for the rightabout of the predetermined circumferencial direction according to described setting, described switch continues immediately
The concrete operations connected with the regulation angle of flow by described AC mains cycle are:
If the mains half-wave polarity first arrived is identical with the polarity of voltage producing larger current, to this power supply half
Ripple is with regulation phase shifting angle conducting；Otherwise, the angle of flow to this mains half-wave is zero, the power supply half to the opposite polarity then arrived
Ripple is with regulation phase shifting angle conducting；Then, make mains half-wave conducting identical with the polarity of voltage producing larger current subsequently, but move
Phase angle reduces successively；
Measuring winding current is voltage when zero, the electricity after this voltage reaches setting, to institute's polarized thereafter
Source half-wave all immediately begins to turn in the moment meeting following condition:
The polarity of described supply voltage, winding current are polarity and the change of this current versus time of voltage when zero
The polarity of rate is identical；
Or the moment meeting following condition the most at the same time immediately begins to turn on:
A) polarity of described supply voltage, winding current are polarity and the rate of change of this current versus time of voltage when zero
Polarity identical；
B) described winding current is that voltage when zero is in prescribed limit；
C) stipulated time it is engraved in time described interval；
The accumulative conducting meeting above-mentioned condition reaches stipulated number, and motor enters synchronous operation and controls.
Above-mentioned being specifically designed for two direction of rotation, can more make full use of the stator field driving force to p-m rotor
Square and avoid the moment of resistance, is especially suitable for the requirement that the controllable bidirectional to motor rotates.
Technical scheme and effect will combine accompanying drawing in a specific embodiment and be further described.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is embodiment of the present invention motor electromagnetism basic structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is embodiment of the present invention electromotor control circuit schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is that the present invention the 1st embodiment motor a, c start situation signal waveform schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is that the present invention the 1st embodiment motor d, b start situation signal waveform schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is that the present invention the 1st embodiment motor e starts situation signal waveform schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is predetermined the 1st kind of starting situation signal waveform signal turned to counterclockwise of the present invention the 2nd embodiment motor
Figure；
Fig. 7 is predetermined the 2nd kind of starting situation signal waveform signal turned to counterclockwise of the present invention the 2nd embodiment motor
Figure；
Fig. 8 is predetermined the 1st kind of starting situation signal waveform signal turned to clockwise of the present invention the 2nd embodiment motor
Figure；
Fig. 9 is predetermined the 2nd kind of starting situation signal waveform signal turned to clockwise of the present invention the 2nd embodiment motor
Figure.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment of the present invention motor electromagnetism basic structure as it is shown in figure 1, comprising:
Stator 1, is mainly made up of U-iron core 11 and winding 12；It is configured to surround the left and right of rotor 2 above iron core 11
Two ultra-Left pole 111 and right poles 112；Winding 12 by penetrate iron core 11 yoke portion left arm, each 1 coils connected in series of right arm or in parallel and
Become；
Rotor 2 is p-m rotor, and radial symmetric sine wave magnetizes as N, S bis-pole, inserts left pole 111 He of iron core 11
Between right pole 112, and it is supported in bearing rotary.
Motor sets as shown counterclockwise (it be then clockwise for observing in opposite direction) and rotates, left pole 111 and turn
The width of the air gap between son 2 is the most stepped to be narrowed, and between right pole 112 and rotor 2, the width of air gap is from bottom to top in rank
Scalariform narrows, and therefore under diagram free state, the axis 21 of rotor 2 two pole magnetic flux with the horizontal axis 113 of stator two pole is
Reference, deflects about 10 ° in the counterclockwise direction.
This motor is also referred to as U-shaped iron core single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, refers to Harbin industry in 2005 big
Learn the paper " mechanism of U-shaped iron core single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor and specificity analysis " of doctor Fu Min.Its relevant conventional skill
Art refers to technical manual and textbooks such as " motor engineering handbooks ".Its pertinent regulations value generally can be obtained by experiment statistics.
Embodiment of the present invention electromotor control circuit is as in figure 2 it is shown, specifically include that
Bidirectional thyristor 4, its main electrode is connected with winding 12 and is followed by toward ac power supply terminal 5；
Single-chip microcomputer 6, its output circuit 63 (does not shows in figure through conventional photoelectric coupling circuit or transformer isolation circuit
Go out) it is access to the trigger electrode 41 of bidirectional thyristor 4, if output pulse i.e. triggers IGCT 4 and turns on, alternating current power supply half-wave electricity now
Pressure i.e. starts to put on input winding 12 until this half-wave zero passage terminates, defeated with this voltage synchronous and the most delayed pulse current
Enter winding 12.
The shaping circuit being made up of resistance 7 and diode 8,9 and 5V DC source VDD, its input is access to exchange
Power supply terminal 5, output B is 0 when being 1 negative half-wave when the polarity of voltage positive half-wave of ac power supply terminal 5, and output B is become by 1
Be 0 or become from 01 moment i.e. AC supply voltage zero crossing.Output B is access to the input circuit 61 of single-chip microcomputer 6, provides it
Alternating current power supply crossover point signal.
Winding 12 connects publicly through resistance 13, and this resistance is the sample resistance detecting the electric current by winding 12；Around
The converted circuit of junction point 621 of group 12 and resistance 13 is access to the input circuit 62 of single-chip microcomputer, for checking the electricity at resistance 13
Pressure drop also determines the electric current by winding 12 with this.Change-over circuit 621 may be designed as isolating clamp circuit sampling transformer
The tested alternating voltage of primary connection, secondary superposition one is higher than inputting monolithic after the constant DC voltage of tested alternating voltage peak
Machine, i.e. can determine that the instantaneous value of alternating voltage through A/D conversion.Certainly, it is possible to select the chip containing above-mentioned functions to replace single-chip microcomputer 6
With change-over circuit 621.In addition it is also possible to current transformer replaces resistance 13 and sampling transformer obtains the electric current by winding 12
Sampling, the power consumption of testing circuit can be reduced.
Winding 12 is access to monolithic with the end that connects of IGCT 4 main electrode through conventional bleeder circuit (not shown)
The input circuit 64 of machine, is voltage when zero for detecting winding 12 electric current.
Single-chip microcomputer 6 plug-in checks the level of input circuit 61,62 and 64 essentially according to setting procedure, through measuring, comparing
Relatively, differentiate, output circuit 63 export the pulse triggering IGCT 4.
5 kinds of the present invention the 1st embodiment motor starting each signal waveform of situation is as shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, and the 2nd implements
Example motor is predetermined turns to each two kinds of each signal waveforms of starting situation clockwise, counterclockwise as shown in Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9:
51 is the voltage waveform of ac power supply terminal 5；
The waveform that 52 is shaping circuit output B；
531～533 is the waveform that corresponding starting situation alternating current power supply puts on the voltage of winding 12；
534～537 is that the corresponding situation alternating current power supply that starts puts on the waveform of voltage of winding 12 and electric current is zero
Time winding 12 the waveform of voltage；
54a～i is the waveform of the electric current of winding 12；
551～557 is the voltage pulse waveforms that single-chip microcomputer 6 output circuit 63 exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4.
This two embodiments ac power frequency is to be 20ms in cycle during 50Hz.
The present invention the 1st embodiment single-chip microcomputer 6 plug-in includes performing the following steps:
Time delay to, the output of single-chip microcomputer 6 is played from the 1st positive zero crossing of AC supply voltage (voltage is by just bearing change, lower same)
Circuit 63 is to the trigger electrode 41 output voltage pulse k1 of IGCT 4, and IGCT 4 turns on, and makes the 1st positive polarity half-wave of alternating current power supply
Voltage v1 with (10-t0) ms angle of flow put on winding 12 produce the 1st electric current (electric current a1, b1, c1, d1 of referring in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and
E1, lower with), detect the 1st electric current, especially when this zero passage lights 2ms (be positioned in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 at current waveform small circle, under
Instantaneous value together)；
Through 1s (speed that after visual power-off, rotor stops has adjusted, and because of map sheet limit actually in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 indicating value many
Times, to guarantee to apply voltage eve, the axis 21 such as Fig. 1 rotor 2 magnetic flux is still generally in the horizontal axis of stator two pole
113 deflect the position of about 10 ° in the counterclockwise direction for reference, lower same) after, light time delay from AC supply voltage 1 positive zero passage again
To, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is to the trigger electrode 41 output voltage pulse k2 of IGCT 4, and IGCT 4 turns on again, makes friendship
Stream power supply 1 positive polarity half-wave voltage v2 again puts on winding 12 with (10-t0) ms angle of flow and produces the 2nd electric current and (refer to Fig. 3, Fig. 4
In electric current a2, b2, c2, d2 and e2, lower with), detect electric current the 2nd electric current, especially its instantaneous when this zero passage lights 2ms
Value；
Relatively the 1st, the 2nd electric current, if the 2nd electric current is significantly less than the 1st electric current, alternating current pressed by the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6
The source cycle exports continuously to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4 lights the potential pulse kt of time delay t2 from each zero passage and makes IGCT 4 continue
Ground with defect sinusoidal wave (forward position of each half-wave is corresponding little half arch of defect due to time delay t2 conducting, lower with) turn on same
Step voltage vt puts on winding 12 and produces synchronizing current it, and motor enters synchronous operation；
Otherwise, after 1s, lighting time delay to from AC supply voltage 1 positive zero passage again, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is to crystalline substance
The trigger electrode 41 output voltage pulse k3 of brake tube 4, IGCT 4 turns on again, makes alternating current power supply 1 positive polarity half-wave voltage v3 again
Put on winding 12 with (10-t0) ms angle of flow and produce the 3rd electric current (electric current a3, b3, c3 and d3 referring in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, lower same),
Detect the 3rd electric current, especially its instantaneous value when this zero passage lights 2ms；
Relatively the 1st, the 2nd and the 3rd electric current, if the 3rd electric current is significantly less than the 1st, the 2nd electric current or close to smaller therein,
The output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is exported continuously to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4 by AC mains cycle and lights time delay from each zero passage
The potential pulse kt of t2 makes IGCT 4 put on winding 12 with the synchronizing voltage vt of defect sine wave conducting constantly and produces synchronization
Electric current it, motor enters synchronous operation；
Otherwise, after 1s, lighting time delay to from AC supply voltage 1 positive zero passage again, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is to crystalline substance
The trigger electrode 41 output voltage pulse k4 of brake tube 4, IGCT 4 turns on again, makes alternating current power supply 1 positive polarity half-wave voltage v4 again
Put on winding 12 with (10-t0) ms angle of flow and produce the 4th electric current (electric current a4 and c4 referring in Fig. 3, lower same), detection the 4th electricity
Stream, especially its instantaneous value when this zero passage lights 2ms ..., so repeat, until the electric current produced at described winding is obvious
Less than one of the most each electric current or close to smaller therein, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 presses AC mains cycle to brilliant lock
The trigger electrode 41 of pipe 4 exports the potential pulse kt lighting time delay t2 from each zero passage continuously, makes IGCT 4 sinusoidal with defect constantly
The synchronizing voltage vt that waveguide is led to puts on winding 12 and produces synchronizing current it, and motor enters synchronous operation.It is specifically shown in Fig. 3 and Tu
In 4, a～e five kinds starts situation.
The current signal of a situation sees 54a in Fig. 3:
The 2nd electric current a2 being obviously reduced after the 1st electric current a1 detected, thus 4th close with a2 detected
, i.e. after winding 12 applies 4 half-wave voltages, make motor enter synchronous operation after electric current a4 immediately；The output electricity of single-chip microcomputer 6
Road 63 sees in Fig. 4 551 to the situation of the trigger electrode 41 output voltage pulse of IGCT 4.
The current signal of b situation sees 54b in Fig. 4:
The 3rd electric current b3 being obviously reduced after the 1st electric current b1, the 2nd electric current b2 detected, thus detecting and b3
, i.e. after winding 12 applies 3 half-wave voltages, make motor enter synchronous operation after the 4th close electric current b4 immediately；Single-chip microcomputer
The output circuit 63 of 6 sees in Fig. 4 552 to the situation of the trigger electrode 41 output voltage pulse of IGCT 4.
The current signal of c situation sees 54c in Fig. 3:
Detect that the 1st electric current c1 is less than the 2nd electric current c2 afterwards, thus 4th close with c1 detected
, i.e. after winding 12 applies 4 half-wave voltages, make motor enter synchronous operation after electric current c4 immediately；The output electricity of single-chip microcomputer 6
Road 63 sees in Fig. 4 551 to the situation of the trigger electrode 41 output voltage pulse of IGCT 4.
The current signal of d situation sees 54d in Fig. 4:
Detect that the 1st electric current d1 is less than the 2nd electric current d2 afterwards, thus 3rd close with d1 detected
, i.e. after winding 12 applies 3 half-wave voltages, make motor enter synchronous operation, the output electricity of single-chip microcomputer 6 after electric current d3 immediately
Road 63 sees in Fig. 4 552 to the situation of the trigger electrode 41 output voltage pulse of IGCT 4.
The current signal of e situation sees 54e in Fig. 5:
The 2nd electric current e2 after the 1st electric current e1 being detected is the least, thus immediately, i.e. applies 2 half to winding 12
After wave voltage, making motor enter synchronous operation, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is to trigger electrode 41 output voltage of IGCT 4
The situation of pulse sees in Fig. 5 553.
The above " substantially " refer to difference more than 30%, described " close " refers to that difference is within 10%.
1st embodiment can have and designs amendment as follows:
By experiment, the electric current of " the least " that repeatedly obtain above-mentioned on-line checking is averaged, and is given one
Fixed tolerance and being remembered in single-chip microcomputer, as the setting of technical solution of the present invention " described electric current meets regulation ", should
Method compares on-line checking can reduce the number of above-mentioned input ac power voltage half-wave, but can be affected by homogeneity of product；
When current instantaneous value take from this zero passage light 2ms time, the usual desirable 1ms of time delay t0, t2, concrete numerical value can root
Adjusting according to needs, minimum desirable zero, now the angle of flow is 180 °, even if with complete sine wave shaped voltage；
Negative polarity half-wave voltage can also be used, or positive and negative polarity half-wave voltage is used with, but mixed meeting is by rotor magnetic
The conforming impact of property.
The present invention the 2nd embodiment single-chip microcomputer 6 plug-in includes performing the following steps:
Time delay electrical angle t1=5/6 π is lighted, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 from the 1st of AC supply voltage the positive zero passage
To the trigger electrode 41 output voltage pulse k1 of IGCT 4, IGCT 4 turns on, and makes alternating current power supply positive polarity half-wave voltage v1 with electricity
The angle t2=1/6 π angle of flow puts on winding 12 and produces the 1st electric current i1, and detects its maximum and (can certainly detect it to put down
Average, virtual value or the instantaneous value in other regulation moment, lower same).
Then, from the 1st of AC supply voltage the negative zero crossing, (voltage is by just becoming negative, lower same；Steady statue depending on rotor
Can delay further, as the 2nd or the 3rd ... individual negative zero crossing, to guarantee to apply potential pulse eve, such as Fig. 1 rotor 2 magnetic
Logical axis 21 is still generally in the position deflecting about 10 ° with the horizontal axis 113 of stator two pole for reference in the counterclockwise direction,
Lower same) play time delay electrical angle 5/6 π, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is to the trigger electrode 41 output voltage pulse k2 of IGCT 4, brilliant
Brake tube 4 turns on, and makes alternating current power supply negative polarity half-wave voltage v2 put on winding 12 with the electrical angle t2=1/6 π angle of flow and produces the 2nd
Electric current i2, and detect its maximum.
Then, single-chip microcomputer 6 plug-in compares the maximum of electric current i1, i2, each by following two kinds of predetermined direction of rotation
Two kinds of situations are controlled:
(1) predetermined by the 1st kind of starting situation such as Fig. 6 turned to counterclockwise, polarity orientation residing for p-m rotor 2 is positive polarity
The rightabout of the main flux axis that alternating current power supply half-wave produces and permanent magnet flux axes intersect are described acute angle, and i1 is significantly less than
I2, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 immediately:
From the 2nd positive zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 3/4 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k3 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding 12 with the angle of flow 1/4 π defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v3
Generation electric current i3, then,
From the 3rd positive zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 5/9 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k4 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v4 of the angle of flow 4/9 π
12, produce the electric current i4 increased than i3, then,
From the 4th positive zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 1/4 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k5 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v5 of the angle of flow 3/4 π
12, produce the electric current i5 increased than i4.
Visible, alternating current power supply puts on the angle of flow and the increase of electric current half-wave one by one of winding 12, and its field drives permanent magnetism turns
Son 2 accelerating torques, the input circuit 64 of single-chip microcomputer detects that winding 12 is at voltage e3～the e5 half-wave the most one by one that electric current is when zero
Increasing, during until electric current i5 reverts to zero, detect that e5 is more than setting in the value of a G, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is to crystalline substance
The moment that potential pulse k6～k8 of trigger electrode 41 output of brake tube 4 changes into meeting following condition sends:
The polarity of supply voltage, winding current are polarity and the rate of change of this current versus time of voltage when zero
Polarity is identical.
For the sake of reliable, the most also can increase following two conditions or its one of:
The electric current of winding 12 is that voltage when zero is in prescribed limit；
This time be engraved in stipulated time interval.
The electric current of each half-wave voltage v6～v8 and electric current i6～i8 and winding 12 that put on winding 12 seen from Fig. 6 is
The waveform of voltage e6～e8 when zero, now the rotating speed of rotor 2 generally continues to rise.
The accumulative conducting meeting above-mentioned condition reaches stipulated number, and the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is to the triggering of IGCT 4
The potential pulse kt of pole 41 output changes into sending by the control condition of synchronous operation, and with the complete or defect half-sinusoid synchronized
Voltage vt puts on winding 12, produces synchronous operation electric current it.This control condition the most also includes: the polarity of supply voltage, around
Group electric current is that the polarity of voltage when zero is identical with the polarity of the rate of change of this current versus time, also can be plus for obtaining best effective
The closed loop feedback of rate or adaptation power-supply fluctuation controls.
Compare reality based on map sheet shown in Fig. 6 to have simplified, such as:
Initial size of current has more only replaced 1 time, actual for the sake of reliable, can replace the most several times again, but
The startup time will extend；
Thereafter, the single polarity current applying to increase one by one only has 3, and this electric current number actual generally compares many, right
When rotor and load rotating inertia are bigger especially needed；
Finally, adding up qualified conducting and i.e. enter synchronous operation control only 3 times, actual frequency is also wanted the most very
Many, to guarantee that stable entrance runs simultaneously.
(2) predetermined by the 2nd kind of starting situation such as Fig. 7 turned to counterclockwise, polarity orientation residing for p-m rotor 2 is negative polarity
The rightabout of the main flux axis that alternating current power supply half-wave produces and permanent magnet flux axes intersect are described acute angle, and i2 is significantly less than
I1, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 immediately:
From the 2nd negative zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 3/4 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k3 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding 12 with the angle of flow 1/4 π defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v3
Generation electric current i3, then,
From the 3rd negative zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 5/9 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k4 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v4 of the angle of flow 4/9 π
12, produce the electric current i4 increased than i3, then,
From the 4th negative zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 1/4 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k5 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v5 of the angle of flow 3/4 π
12, produce the electric current i5 increased than i4.
It is also seen that alternating current power supply puts on the angle of flow and the increase of electric current half-wave one by one of winding 12, its field drives is forever
Magnet rotor 2 accelerating torque, the input circuit 64 of single-chip microcomputer detects that winding 12 is that the half-wave the most one by one of voltage when zero increases at electric current
Greatly, when electric current i5 reverts to zero, detect that the voltage of winding 12 is more than setting, the output circuit of single-chip microcomputer 6 in the value of a G
63 potential pulse k6～k8 exported to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4 change the moment of condition described in (1) before meeting into and send out
Going out, situation thereafter is basic as before described in (1).
(3) predetermined by the 1st kind of starting situation such as Fig. 8 turned to clockwise, polarity orientation residing for p-m rotor 2 is positive polarity
The rightabout of the main flux axis that alternating current power supply half-wave produces and permanent magnet flux axes intersect are described acute angle, and i1 is significantly greater than
I2, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 immediately:
From the 2nd positive zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 3/4 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k3 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding 12 with the angle of flow 1/4 π defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v3
Generation electric current i3, then,
From the 3rd positive zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 5/9 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k4 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v4 of the angle of flow 4/9 π
12, produce the electric current i4 increased than i3, then,
From the 4th positive zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 1/4 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k5 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v5 of the angle of flow 3/4 π
12, produce the electric current i5 increased than i4.
It is also seen that alternating current power supply puts on the angle of flow and the increase of electric current half-wave one by one of winding 12, its field drives is forever
Magnet rotor 2 accelerating torque, the input circuit 64 of single-chip microcomputer detects that winding 12 is that the half-wave the most one by one of voltage when zero increases at electric current
Greatly, when electric current i5 reverts to zero, detect that the voltage of winding 12 is more than setting, the output circuit of single-chip microcomputer 6 in the value of G point
63 potential pulse k6～k8 exported to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4 change the moment of condition described in (1) before meeting into and send out
Go out.Thereafter situation is before as described in (1).
(4) predetermined by the 2nd kind of starting situation such as Fig. 9 turned to clockwise, polarity orientation residing for p-m rotor 2 is negative polarity
The rightabout of the main flux axis that alternating current power supply half-wave produces and permanent magnet flux axes intersect are described acute angle, and i2 is significantly greater than
I1, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 immediately:
From the 2nd negative zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 3/4 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k3 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding 12 with the angle of flow 1/4 π defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v3
Generation electric current i3, then,
From the 3rd negative zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 5/9 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k4 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v4 of the angle of flow 4/9 π
12, produce the electric current i4 increased than i3, then,
From the 4th negative zero crossing of alternating current power supply, time delay electrical angle 1/4 π exports to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4
Potential pulse k5 makes IGCT 4 turn on, and makes alternating current power supply put on winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v5 of the angle of flow 3/4 π
12, produce the electric current i5 increased than i4.
It is also seen that alternating current power supply puts on the angle of flow and the increase of electric current half-wave one by one of winding 12, its field drives is forever
Magnet rotor 2 accelerating torque, the input circuit 64 of single-chip microcomputer detects that winding 12 is that the half-wave the most one by one of voltage when zero increases at electric current
Greatly, when electric current i5 reverts to zero, detect that the voltage of winding 12 is more than setting, the output circuit of single-chip microcomputer 6 in the value of G point
63 potential pulse k6～k8 exported to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4 change the moment of condition described in (1) before meeting into and send out
Go out.Thereafter situation is basic as before described in (1).
2nd embodiment can have and designs amendment as follows:
It can be the most multiple positive pulse that initial size of current compares the pulse of applying, is followed by multiple negative arteries and veins
Punching；This positive and negative order is adjustable instead, and pulse number also visual concrete motor has been increased and decreased by laboratory observation.The angle of flow of pulse is also
Visual concrete motor has been increased and decreased by laboratory observation, preferably makes the difference of big electric current and little electric current no less than 30%.Right
In the motor that shaft power is the biggest, the rarely seen rotor of motor of the angle of flow half-wave zero load energising of electrical angle 1/6 π is slightly trembled
Dynamic.Experiment shows, the energy of this pulse makes rotor leave angle only no more than 1/6 π of described sharply angled position, would not be to electricity
The control of motivation makes a significant impact.Further, preferably make to be all difference that is big or that be all little each electric current and be not more than 10%；
This two embodiments motor is two poles, and its control mechanism is also applied for such motor of 4 poles or more multi-pole.
Claims (10)
1. a directional starting control method for single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, described motor includes:
The stator of same number of poles and p-m rotor；Between described stator and rotor, the width of air gap sets in each extremely lower edge
Circumferencial direction narrows, thus in a free state, and rotor each pole axis line is with the axis of hithermost stator one pole as reference, along setting
Fixed circumferencial direction deflects a sharp angle；
Switch；The winding of described stator have regulation around to, be access to alternating current power supply through this switch；
Control circuit；Including testing circuit and plug-in, this plug-in is opened described in driving as the signal detected
Close to control the method for starting-controlling that described alternating current power supply inputs the electric current of described winding；
It is characterized in that, described method for starting-controlling comprises the following steps:
A) connect described switch, make 1 half-wave voltage of described alternating current power supply put on described winding by the regulation angle of flow, and detect
Therefore the electric current produced at described winding；
If b) described electric current meets regulation, described switch is the most persistently connected with the regulation angle of flow by described AC mains cycle,
Motor enters synchronous operation；Otherwise, after one be enough to make the time that described rotor reliably stops, from step a) starts to repeat
State process.
2. according to directional starting control method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step particularly as follows:
Connecting described switch makes at least 2 half-wave voltages of described alternating current power supply put on described winding by the regulation angle of flow, described
Each half-wave voltage interval one be enough to the time making described rotor reliably stop；Each electricity that therefore detection produces at described winding
Stream, if one of following situation occurs:
A) numerical value at each electric current present obvious size point after；
B) numerical value at each electric current present obvious size point and after again less electric current occurring；
C) numerical value at each electric current present obvious size point and that electric current of most end when being rendered as less numerical value；
The most described electric current meets regulation, and described switch is the most persistently connected with the regulation angle of flow by described AC mains cycle, electricity
Motivation enters synchronous operation.
3. according to directional starting control method described in claim 2, it is characterised in that described step further particularly as follows:
Connect described switch, make the 1st half-wave voltage of described alternating current power supply put on described winding by the regulation angle of flow, and detect
Therefore the 1st electric current produced at described winding, after one be enough to make the time that described rotor reliably stops, making described alternating current power supply
Another 1 half-wave voltage puts on described winding by the regulation angle of flow, and detects the 2nd electric current therefore produced at described winding；
If the 2nd electric current is significantly less than the 1st electric current, the most described electric current meets regulation, and described switch is the most persistently by described friendship
Stream power cycle is connected with the regulation angle of flow, and motor enters synchronous operation；
Otherwise, after one be enough to make the time that described rotor reliably stops, making described alternating current power supply 1 half-wave voltage again by
The regulation angle of flow puts on described winding, and detects the 3rd electric current therefore produced at described winding；
If the 3rd electric current be significantly less than before each electric current or close to the smaller in the most each electric current, the most described electric current meets
Specifying, described switch is the most persistently connected with the regulation angle of flow by described AC mains cycle, and motor enters synchronous operation；
Otherwise, after one be enough to make the time that described rotor reliably stops, making described alternating current power supply 1 half-wave voltage again by
The regulation angle of flow puts on described winding, and detects the 4th electric current therefore produced at described winding；
If the 4th electric current be significantly less than before each electric current or close to the smaller in the most each electric current, the most described electric current meets
Specifying, described switch is the most persistently connected with the regulation angle of flow by described AC mains cycle, and motor enters synchronous operation；
..., so repeat, until the electric current therefore produced at described winding before being significantly less than each electric current or close to before each
Smaller in electric current, the most described electric current meets regulation, and described switch is the most persistently led by described AC mains cycle and regulation
Current flow angle is connected, and motor enters synchronous operation.
4. according to directional starting control method described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that described electric current is power supply each cycle
In identical regulation the moment instantaneous value.
5. according to directional starting control method described in claim 4, it is characterised in that the described regulation moment is not more than described exchange
Power supply 1/8 cycle.
6. according to directional starting control method described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that described each alternating current power supply half-wave electricity
Pressure is same polarity.
7. according to directional starting control method described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that: described each alternating current power supply half-wave electricity
Pressure includes opposite polarity two kinds of voltages, and it puts on described winding by the regulation angle of flow and specifically includes:
Before each voltage applies, rotor is still located at described sharply angled position；
The energy of each voltage applied is little to making rotor leave described sharply angled position within the angle of regulation；
The waveform of each voltage applied is identical.
8. according to directional starting control method described in claim 7, it is characterised in that: described two kinds of voltages alternately apply.
9. according to directional starting control method described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that: described motor is predetermined according to institute
The circumferencial direction stating setting rotates, and described switch is persistently the most concrete with what the regulation angle of flow was connected by described AC mains cycle
Operation is:
If the mains half-wave polarity first arrived with produce smaller current polarity of voltage identical, to this mains half-wave with
Regulation phase shifting angle conducting；Otherwise, the angle of flow to this mains half-wave is zero, to the mains half-wave of the opposite polarity then arrived with
Regulation phase shifting angle conducting；Then, mains half-wave identical with the polarity of voltage producing smaller current subsequently is made to turn on, but phase shifting angle
Reduce successively；
Measuring winding current is voltage when zero, the power supply half after this voltage reaches setting, to institute's polarized thereafter
Ripple all immediately begins to turn in the moment meeting following condition:
The polarity of described supply voltage, winding current are polarity and the rate of change of this current versus time of voltage when zero
Polarity is identical；
Or the moment meeting following condition the most at the same time immediately begins to turn on:
A) polarity of described supply voltage, winding current are the pole of rate of change of the polarity of voltage when zero and this current versus time
Property is identical；
B) described winding current is that voltage when zero is in prescribed limit；
C) stipulated time it is engraved in time described interval；
The accumulative conducting meeting above-mentioned condition reaches stipulated number, and motor enters synchronous operation and controls.
10. according to directional starting control method described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: described motor is predetermined according to described
The rightabout of the circumferencial direction set rotates, and described switch is the most persistently by described AC mains cycle and regulation conducting corner connection
Logical concrete operations are:
If the mains half-wave polarity first arrived with produce larger current polarity of voltage identical, to this mains half-wave with
Regulation phase shifting angle conducting；Otherwise, the angle of flow to this mains half-wave is zero, to the mains half-wave of the opposite polarity then arrived with
Regulation phase shifting angle conducting；Then, mains half-wave identical with the polarity of voltage producing larger current subsequently is made to turn on, but phase shifting angle
Reduce successively；
Measuring winding current is voltage when zero, the power supply half after this voltage reaches setting, to institute's polarized thereafter
Ripple all immediately begins to turn in the moment meeting following condition:
The polarity of described supply voltage, winding current are polarity and the rate of change of this current versus time of voltage when zero
Polarity is identical；
Or the moment meeting following condition the most at the same time immediately begins to turn on:
A) polarity of described supply voltage, winding current are the pole of rate of change of the polarity of voltage when zero and this current versus time
Property is identical；
B) described winding current is that voltage when zero is in prescribed limit；
C) stipulated time it is engraved in time described interval；
The accumulative conducting meeting above-mentioned condition reaches stipulated number, and motor enters synchronous operation and controls.
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| CN201510475220.4A CN105071720A (en) | 2015-08-05 | 2015-08-05 | Directional starting control method for single-phase self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor |
| CN2015104752204 | 2015-08-05 |
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| CN201610597730.3A Active CN106230327B (en) | 2015-08-05 | 2016-07-26 | A kind of directional starting control method of single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor |
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| CN105915124B (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2019-11-19 | 汉宇集团股份有限公司 | The centrifugal pump of U-iron core single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor driving |
| CN106438384B (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2018-12-25 | 江门市地尔汉宇电器股份有限公司 | A kind of reversible centrifugal pump of small-power permasyn morot driving |
| CN106870414B (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2019-02-01 | 江门市金羚排气扇制造有限公司 | A kind of small ventilator of single-phase motor driving |
| CN114448321B (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-08-23 | 常州市新创智能科技有限公司 | Torque motor output control method and device, storage medium and processor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5598071A (en) * | 1994-07-11 | 1997-01-28 | Seagate Technology | Method for starting and commutating a permanent-magnet direct current motor having a single phase winding |
| EP0957570B1 (en) * | 1998-05-09 | 2003-02-19 | Diehl AKO Stiftung & Co. KG | Device for controlling a single phase synchronous motor |
| CN102330702A (en) * | 2011-10-04 | 2012-01-25 | 叶露微 | Low-power ventilating fan |
-
2015
- 2015-08-05 CN CN201510475220.4A patent/CN105071720A/en active Pending
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2016
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5598071A (en) * | 1994-07-11 | 1997-01-28 | Seagate Technology | Method for starting and commutating a permanent-magnet direct current motor having a single phase winding |
| EP0957570B1 (en) * | 1998-05-09 | 2003-02-19 | Diehl AKO Stiftung & Co. KG | Device for controlling a single phase synchronous motor |
| CN102330702A (en) * | 2011-10-04 | 2012-01-25 | 叶露微 | Low-power ventilating fan |
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