CN105356797B - The small-size centrifugal pump of electronically controlled single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor driving - Google Patents

The small-size centrifugal pump of electronically controlled single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor driving Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105356797B
CN105356797B CN201510685585.XA CN201510685585A CN105356797B CN 105356797 B CN105356797 B CN 105356797B CN 201510685585 A CN201510685585 A CN 201510685585A CN 105356797 B CN105356797 B CN 105356797B
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winding
stator
voltage
rotor
zero
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CN105356797A (en
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叶露微
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JIANGMEN SUNYA MOTOR CO., LTD.
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Jiangmen Sunya Motor Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/08Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D13/06Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14Electronic commutators
    • H02P6/16Circuit arrangements for detecting position
    • H02P6/18Circuit arrangements for detecting position without separate position detecting elements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/03Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2207/00Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
    • H02P2207/05Synchronous machines, e.g. with permanent magnets or DC excitation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

The small-size centrifugal pump of electronically controlled single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor driving, including the impeller rotated by predetermined direction;The width that motor includes air gap between stator and p-m rotor, stator and rotor is narrowed in each pole lower edge setting circumferencial direction;Stator winding have regulation around to, through switch be access to AC power;Control circuit include detection circuit and by the electric circuit inspection to the signal driving switch with control AC power apply the winding voltage and thus the plug-in of electric current is produced in the winding;The plug-in has the terminal voltage of period and the detection including detecting winding described in the period for making that the electric current is zero, and when the terminal voltage is occurred by section dullness without zero-crossing values, the control circuit reduces the voltage exported to the winding.The design can improve vibration, noise and the temperature rise during light running, but need not set single rotor-position detecting element, thus reduce cost and more reliable.

Description

The small-size centrifugal pump of electronically controlled single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor driving
Technical field
The present invention relates to the small-size centrifugal pump of electronically controlled single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor driving, more particularly to The cooperation of its mechanical structure, electromagnetic structure and control method;In International Patent Classification (IPC), classification belong to F04D25/06 or F04D27/00。
Background technology
The electronically controlled single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor driving that earlier application CN201210278112.4 is disclosed Small-size centrifugal pump than product before both energy-saving material-saving, can overcome in light running vibration, noise larger again and temperature rise compared with High the problem of, but need to set single rotor-position detecting element.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are:Propose a kind of electronically controlled single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor The small-size centrifugal pump of driving, when can avoid light running the problem of vibration, larger noise and higher temperature rise, but it is single without setting Only rotor-position detecting element and still have preferably performance, thus reduce cost and more reliable.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves technical problem is that electronically controlled single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor drives Small-size centrifugal pump, including:
--- the receded disk impeller rotated according to predetermined direction;
--- the motor of the direct drive impeller, the winding of stator is by regulation around to being access to AC power;Motor Rotor is p-m rotor, and its number of poles is identical with the number of poles of stator;The width of air gap is in each pole lower edge between the stator and rotor The direction of rotation of setting is narrowed, thus in a free state, the axis of each pole of rotor using the axis of the hithermost pole of stator one as Reference, a sharp angle is deflected along the direction of rotation of setting;
--- with one switch, AC power through winding power from the switch to motor stator;
--- with a control circuit, including detection circuit and by the electric circuit inspection to the signal driving switch to control Make the AC power and apply the voltage of the winding and thus in the plug-in of winding generation electric current;
It is characterized in that:
--- the number of poles of motor stator is 2 poles, and impeller diameter is not more than 70mm;Or the number of poles of motor stator is 4 Pole, impeller diameter is not more than 100mm;
--- the plug-in, which has, makes period that the electric current is zero and the detection include detecting described in the period The terminal voltage of winding, and when the terminal voltage is occurred by section dullness without zero-crossing values, the control circuit is reduced to institute State the voltage of winding output.
The technical program is based on once exceed the speed limit, when the electric current is zero the terminal voltage of winding monotonously change by section and There is no zero-crossing values the phenomenon occur, replace single rotor-position detecting element set by prior art to supervise electricity using the phenomenon The running status of motivation:The terminal voltage of winding is monotonously changed by section and not had in addition to initial point and terminal when the electric current is zero Null value occurs, that is, concludes that motor is in no-load running, the voltage exported to stator winding is reduced immediately and setting is maintained at To start to reduce the torque that rotating excitation field is produced since then, so as to correct hypervelocity, motor is set to recover synchronous rotational speed operation, centrifugation The underloading vibration of pump, noise thus be greatly lowered, the temperature rise of stator is also obviously improved because supply voltage is reduced.The centrifugal pump During startup, because the supply voltage of stator is still the voltage of original specified AC power waveform, it is maintained original performance.
The technical program can be further designed to:Whether occur every time to the terminal voltage by section is dull without zero-crossing values Inspection, it is at least continuous to check 3 sections, and at least within 2 sections it is dull and occur without zero-crossing values by section, the control circuit is just reduced The voltage exported to stator.The design is more beneficial for excluding influence of the electromotor velocity momentary fluctuation to testing result, improves control Stability processed.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is centrifugation pump motor electromagnetism basic structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is centrifugal pump electromotor control circuit schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is centrifugal pump Motor control signal oscillogram of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the main Visual figures of the basic mechanical structure of centrifugal pump of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The basic mechanical structure of centrifugal pump of the embodiment of the present invention as shown in figure 4, including:
--- it is fixed on the motor 2 of casing;
--- the receded disk impeller 1 of the motor output shaft rotate counterclockwise is directly connected in, it has 4 blades;Leaf Piece number can also be 3,5 or 6, but had better not be more than 8, and be as far as possible odd number piece, to reduce vibration noise.Impeller is note It is moulded into type, diameter 100mm.Impeller should not be bigger, and rotary inertia is preferably as far as possible small, to coordinate the still less big startup power of motor 2 Square;
--- motor 2 is inner rotor motor, including stator 100 and p-m rotor 200.
The motor electromagnetism basic structure of centrifugal pump of the embodiment of the present invention as shown in figure 1, including:
--- rotor 200, is that its section is divided into 4 symmetrical 90 ° of sectors with two orthogonal symmetry axis 400 And each radial magnetizing is N, S, N, S 4 pole p-m rotors;
--- stator 100 is made up of circular iron core 101 and winding 12 with 4 salient poles;Winding 12 is each in 4 salient poles Around a coil part with Insulating frame, then by around to being connected in series as 4 poles, and thus produce wearing for 4 poles when being powered The main flux of air gap more between rotor;
--- gradual change is narrowed the width of air gap in the counterclockwise direction between each salient pole of stator core 101 and rotor 200;Therefore exist Free state be no power and without outer gas stream and rotational structure it is good in the case of, rotor 200 is attracted by stator core, respectively The geometrical axis of pole is the permanent magnet flux axis 700,800 for passing through air gap between rotor respectively with the geometry of adjacent stators salient pole Axis is that to pass through the main flux axis 500,600 of air gap between rotor be reference, one is deflected in the counterclockwise direction less sharp Angle Ω.The present embodiment designs the mechanical angle for 5 ° (10 ° of electrical angle).The angle can change with the ratio that gradual change is narrowed, and shadow Ring detent torque and efficiency.The design can avoid in a free state rotor stay in its axis and overlapped with the axis of stator salient poles And making so-called " dead point " position that detent torque is zero during energization, the reluctance torque formed, which is also helped, prevents turning in operating Son does not produce torque when alternating current zero passage and stalled;
Centrifugal pump of embodiment of the present invention electromotor control circuit is as shown in Fig. 2 main by being fixed on motor non-shaft stretching end Or the printed circuit board (PCB) outside motor is constituted, the printed circuit board (PCB) is provided with:
--- bidirectional thyristor 4, its main electrode is connected with winding 12 to be followed by toward ac power supply terminal 5;
--- single-chip microcomputer 6, its output circuit 63 is access to the trigger electrode 41 of bidirectional thyristor 4, if output pulse is that triggering is double Turned on to IGCT 4, AC power half-wave voltage now is to start to put on input winding 12 until the half-wave zero passage terminates, The pulse current input winding 12 of (synchronous and delayed) corresponding to the voltage;
--- the shaping circuit being made up of resistance 7 and diode 8,9 and 5V dc sources VDD, its input is access to exchange Power supply terminal 5, output B in the polarity of voltage positive half-wave of ac power supply terminal 5 for 1 negative half-wave when be 0, and output B by 1 change For 0 or i.e. AC supply voltage zero crossing at the time of be changed into 1 from 0.Output B is access to the input circuit 61 of single-chip microcomputer 6;
--- winding 12 connects publicly through resistance 13, and the resistance is the sample resistance for the electric current that detection passes through winding 12;Around The converted circuit 621 of tie point of group 12 and resistance 13 is access to the input circuit 62 of single-chip microcomputer, for checking by winding 12 Voltage drop of the electric current in resistance 13.Resistance 13 can also be by inductance, current transformer or other circuitry insteads, to reduce power damage Consumption;
--- the tie point of the main electrode of bidirectional thyristor 4 and winding 12 with publicly between bridging resistance 10,19 connect Bleeder circuit, resistance 10,19 is connected in series the input circuit 68 that a little converted circuit 681 is access to single-chip microcomputer;It is anti-to input Reflect the terminal voltage when electric current of winding 12 is zero.
Above-mentioned change-over circuit 621,681 may be designed as transformer isolation clamp circuit:
——1:The tested alternating voltage of 1 primary connection, secondary superposition one is higher than tested alternating voltage peak Constant DC voltage, so that tested alternating voltage is converted to the input circuit that unipolarity fluctuation voltage inputs single-chip microcomputer, in list The instantaneous value that can obtain test cross stream voltage is changed in piece machine through A/D.
Certainly, it also can select the chip containing above-mentioned functions and single-chip microcomputer and replace single-chip microcomputer 6 and change-over circuit 621,681.
The plug-in of single-chip microcomputer 6 checks the level of input circuit 61,62 and 68 essentially according to setting procedure, through measurement, ratio Compared with, differentiate, by output circuit 63 export triggering IGCT 4 pulse.
Each signal waveform is as shown in Figure 3 during motor running of the embodiment of the present invention:
--- 51 be the voltage waveform of ac power supply terminal 5;
--- 52 be the waveform that shaping circuit exports B;
--- 531 be the waveform of the voltage of winding 12;
--- 54a is the waveform of the electric current of winding 12;
--- 551 be the voltage pulse waveforms that the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is exported to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4.
Basic settings in plug-in is:Once the level of input circuit 62 reverts to the DC voltage of the clamper, The electric current for assert input winding 12 is zero, and the level of input circuit 68 is used for determining the terminal voltage of winding 12.
2 π cycles when the present embodiment ac power frequency is 50Hz are 20ms, and the step of plug-in is implemented makes electronic Machine works as follows:
--- after the completion of motor start-up, 1/3 π of delay, the output of single-chip microcomputer 6 are lighted from each zero passage of AC supply voltage Circuit 63 respectively exports a voltage pulse to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4 --- and k1, k2, k3 (are limited in such as the 551 of Fig. 3 ... Only show that the several signals ... ... of most end of minimum quantity refer to unshowned signal before several signals shown in map sheet, figure, Similarly hereinafter), IGCT 4 is turned on, and each half-wave voltage of AC power is put on winding 12 with the 2/3 π angles of flow --- and such as the 531 of Fig. 3 In ... i1, i2, i3 in v1, v2, v3, the 54a for producing electric current such as Fig. 3 ..., and the period inspection for being zero in above-mentioned electric current Measure terminal voltage ... e0, e1, e2, e3 of winding 12;These terminal voltages are persistently examined with continuous 3 sections for an inspection unit Look into, part control situation is such as:
--- 531 such as Fig. 3 find that e1, e2, e3 are dull and occur without zero-crossing values, from each zero passage of AC supply voltage It is 1/2 π to light increase delay, and the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 respectively exports a voltage pulse to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4 --- K4, k5, k6, IGCT 4 are turned on, and make each half-wave voltage of AC power to be reduced to the 1/2 π angles of flow in such as the 551 of Fig. 3 ... Put on winding 12 --- v4, v5, v6 in such as the 531 of Fig. 3 ..., so as to reduce the voltage exported to winding 12, produce electricity I4, i5, i6 in the 54a of stream such as Fig. 3 ..., and detect when above-mentioned electric current is zero terminal voltage ... the e4 of winding 12, e5, e6;
--- 531 such as Fig. 3 find that e4, e5, e6 are dull but e5, e6 do not have zero-crossing values appearance, from AC supply voltage It is 2/3 π that each zero passage, which lights further increase delay, and the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is respectively exported to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4 One voltage pulse --- k7, k8, k9, IGCT 4 are turned on, and enter each half-wave voltage of AC power in such as the 551 of Fig. 3 ... One step is reduced to the 1/3 π angles of flow and puts on winding 12 --- v7, v8, v9 in such as the 531 of Fig. 3 ..., that is, control circuit to enter one I7, i8, i9 in the voltage that step reduction is exported to winding 12, the 54a for producing electric current such as Fig. 3 ..., and be zero in above-mentioned electric current When detect terminal voltage ... e7, e8, e9 of winding 12;
--- 531 such as Fig. 3 find that e7, e8, e9 are dull but e8, e9 have zero-crossing values appearance, can now remain above-mentioned and touch Hair delay and the angle of flow are the voltage exported to winding 12.However, in order to more stable, can be from each zero passage of AC supply voltage It is 5/6 π to light further increase delay, and the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 respectively exports a voltage arteries and veins to the trigger electrode 41 of IGCT 4 Punching --- k10, k11, k12, IGCT 4 are turned on, and make each half-wave voltage of AC power with further in such as the 551 of Fig. 3 ... It is reduced to the 1/6 π angles of flow and puts on winding 12 --- v10, v11, v12 in such as the 531 of Fig. 3 ..., that is, control circuit to enter one I10, i11, i12 in the voltage that step reduction is exported to the winding, the 54a for producing electric current such as Fig. 3 ..., and in above-mentioned electric current Terminal voltage ... e10, e11 dullness of winding 12 are detected when being zero and has zero-crossing values appearance, now in sustainable maintenance The voltage that Time delay and the angle of flow are exported to winding 12 is stated, makes motor stably run-in synchronism.
A certain proportion of Time delay of above-mentioned 2 π cycles of AC power and the angle of flow can have been adjusted according to loading condition, but Time delay can not be necessarily zero, the period to reserve for electric current the terminal voltage of detection winding 12 during as zero.Also, due to electronic Electromechanical inducing current is more delayed than AC supply voltage, and the delay generally should also be larger than the lag time.
After motor step-out, under supply voltage effect, p-m rotor can occur irregular along back and forth trembling counterclockwise It is dynamic.Now, the terminal voltage of winding 12 is detected when electric current is zero also zero-crossing values appearance by section, but be not it is dull, this be with The essential difference of situation when synchronization or overspeed situation.Detected when electric current is zero the terminal voltage of winding 12 to non-monotonic and When having the zero-crossing values to occur, plug-in should make control flow return to startup program, make to enter back into after motor restarting is normal The operation control program of the technical program.
Further, it is also possible to there is following design to change:
--- the number of poles of motor stator and rotor may be designed in 2 poles.Because synchronous rotational speed is improved, impeller diameter is preferably corresponding Reduce, maximum is no more than 60mm;
--- impeller is also designed to turn clockwise, and only needs in design according to description before by used term " counterclockwise " is changed to " clockwise ".

Claims (2)

1. the small-size centrifugal pump of electronically controlled single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor driving, including:
--- the receded disk impeller rotated according to predetermined direction;
--- the motor of the direct drive impeller, the winding of stator is by regulation around to being access to AC power;Motor rotor For p-m rotor, its number of poles is identical with the number of poles of stator;The width of air gap is set in each pole lower edge between the stator and rotor Direction of rotation narrow, thus in a free state, the axis of each pole of rotor using the axis of the hithermost pole of stator one as reference, A sharp angle is deflected along the direction of rotation of setting;
--- with one switch, AC power through winding power from the switch to motor stator;
--- with one control circuit, including detection circuit and by the electric circuit inspection to signal driving it is described switch to control State AC power and apply the voltage of the winding and thus in the plug-in of winding generation electric current;
It is characterized in that:
--- the number of poles of motor stator is 2 poles, and impeller diameter is not more than 70mm;Or the number of poles of motor stator is 4 poles, leaf Wheel diameter is not more than 100mm;
--- the plug-in, which has, makes period that the electric current is zero and the detection include detecting winding described in the period Terminal voltage, and when the terminal voltage by section dullness occur without zero-crossing values when, the control circuit reduce to it is described around The voltage of group output.
2. according to centrifugal pump described in claim 1, it is characterised in that whether dull without mistake by section to the terminal voltage every time The detection that null value occurs at least continuously detects 3 sections, and at least within 2 sections it is dull and occur without zero-crossing values, the control electricity by section Road just reduces the voltage exported to stator.
CN201510685585.XA 2015-10-20 2015-10-20 The small-size centrifugal pump of electronically controlled single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor driving Active CN105356797B (en)

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Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106341061B (en) * 2016-09-13 2019-08-30 汉宇集团股份有限公司 The centrifugal pump of the single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor driving of no sensor electronic control
CN106374792B (en) * 2016-10-03 2018-10-26 江门市金羚排气扇制造有限公司 The ventilation blower of the single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor driving of no sensor electronic control
CN107317451B (en) * 2017-06-24 2020-02-28 汉宇集团股份有限公司 Electronic control directional rotation single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor
CN107355390B8 (en) * 2017-07-09 2020-01-07 汉宇集团股份有限公司 Small-power centrifugal pump directly driven by permanent magnet synchronous motor

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5598071A (en) * 1994-07-11 1997-01-28 Seagate Technology Method for starting and commutating a permanent-magnet direct current motor having a single phase winding
CN102330702A (en) * 2011-10-04 2012-01-25 叶露微 Low-power ventilating fan
CN102751922A (en) * 2011-04-19 2012-10-24 江门市地尔汉宇电器股份有限公司 Miniature permanent magnet synchronous motor
CN102790565A (en) * 2012-08-07 2012-11-21 江门市地尔汉宇电器股份有限公司 Electronically controlled directionally rotating single-phase self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor
CN102938626A (en) * 2012-10-16 2013-02-20 江门市地尔汉宇电器股份有限公司 Micro-size single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5598071A (en) * 1994-07-11 1997-01-28 Seagate Technology Method for starting and commutating a permanent-magnet direct current motor having a single phase winding
CN102751922A (en) * 2011-04-19 2012-10-24 江门市地尔汉宇电器股份有限公司 Miniature permanent magnet synchronous motor
CN102330702A (en) * 2011-10-04 2012-01-25 叶露微 Low-power ventilating fan
CN102790565A (en) * 2012-08-07 2012-11-21 江门市地尔汉宇电器股份有限公司 Electronically controlled directionally rotating single-phase self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor
CN102938626A (en) * 2012-10-16 2013-02-20 江门市地尔汉宇电器股份有限公司 Micro-size single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor

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