CN102790565A - Electronically controlled directionally rotating single-phase self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor - Google Patents
Electronically controlled directionally rotating single-phase self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102790565A CN102790565A CN2012102781124A CN201210278112A CN102790565A CN 102790565 A CN102790565 A CN 102790565A CN 2012102781124 A CN2012102781124 A CN 2012102781124A CN 201210278112 A CN201210278112 A CN 201210278112A CN 102790565 A CN102790565 A CN 102790565A
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Abstract
An electronically controlled directionally rotating single-phase self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor comprises a stator, a permanent-magnet rotor, a power electronic circuit and a control circuit; and an alternating-current power supply outputs voltage to the stator via the power electronic circuit. The control circuit comprises a detection circuit and a position sensor; the detection circuit is used for detecting the state of the alternating-current power supply; the position sensor is mounted nearby the periphery of the rotor to detect the state of the permanent-magnet rotor; and according to the output of the detection circuit and the output of the position sensor, the power electronic circuit is controlled. The output of the detection circuit includes the transient cycle time of the alternating-current power supply; the output of the position sensor includes the frequency of the magnetic poles of the rotor passing by the position sensor; and when the frequency of the magnetic poles of the rotor passing by the position sensor in a cycle of specified frequency is two times higher than the cycle frequency, the power electronic circuit decreases the voltage outputted to the stator and keeps the voltage at a specified value. The motor can keep optimal performance, however, no-load running vibration, noise and temperature rise are remarkably improved, and the structure is simpler and more reliable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the directed rotation of a kind of Electronic Control single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, relate in particular to this motor of direct driving small-power centrifugal water pump, in International Patent Classification (IPC), classification can belong to H02P6/00.
Background technology
The directed rotation of Electronic Control single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor is shown in the designer's of the present invention CN201110100111.6 of patent application formerly.This motor than before the obvious energy-saving material-saving of asynchronous motor that uses, but its when no-load running, vibrate, noise is big and temperature rise is higher, needs improvement.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, proposes the directed rotation of a kind of Electronic Control single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, can keep preferable performance, but no-load running vibration, noise and temperature rise obviously improve, and is relatively simple for structure reliable.
The technical scheme of technical solution problem of the present invention is, the directed rotation of a kind of Electronic Control single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, and this motor comprises:
---stator and p-m rotor;
---Power Electronic Circuit, AC power through this circuit to the stator output voltage;
---control circuit;
Said control circuit comprises:
---detect the status detection circuit of said AC power;
---be installed near the said rotor circumference position transducer with the state that detects said p-m rotor;
---according to the output of said testing circuit and the output of said position transducer, control said Power Electronic Circuit;
It is characterized in that:
---the output of said testing circuit comprises the instantaneous moment in cycle of said AC power;
---the output of said position transducer comprises that said rotor magnetic pole skims over the number of times of position transducer;
---when the stipulated number number of times that said rotor magnetic pole skims over position transducer in the said cycle during greater than 2 times of said cycle times, said Power Electronic Circuit reduces to the voltage of stator output and remains on setting.
The directed rotation of Electronic Control single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor is being exported under the voltage condition of specified ac power waveform to stator, and no-load speed is higher than synchronous speed.The present technique scheme utilizes these characteristics to supervise the running status of motor automatically dexterously: in case detect number of times that stipulated number AC power cycle internal rotor magnetic pole skims over position transducer promptly greater than 2 times of said cycle times; Conclude that promptly motor is in no-load running; Reduce the voltage of exporting to stator immediately and remain on setting so that begin to reduce the torque that rotating magnetic field produces since then; Thereby the hypervelocity of correction makes motor recover the synchronous speed operation.The zero load vibration of motor, noise thereby reduction significantly, the temperature rise of stator also improves because of supply power voltage reduces obviously.During this motor start-up,, make original performance be able to keep because the supply power voltage of stator is the voltage of original specified ac power waveform still.
What the present technique scheme detected is the number of times that specified period internal rotor magnetic pole skims over position transducer; Lower and detect control program to compare other method more simple and reliable to the requirement of element, circuit; On original control circuit basis, the set inside of single-chip microcomputer and program adjusted a little and get final product, thereby do not increase cost; Especially help getting rid of the influence of this motor instantaneous velocity pulsation to testing result.
The present technique scheme can be further designed to: begin from motor start-up; Detect the number of times that each AC power half-wave internal rotor magnetic pole skims over position transducer; This number of times of accumulative total surpasses 1 time periodicity; If this accumulative total surpasses setting, said Power Electronic Circuit reduces to the voltage of stator output and remains on setting.This design more helps getting rid of the influence of this motor instantaneous velocity pulsation to testing result, improves stability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an embodiment of the invention motor electromagnetism basic structure sketch map;
Fig. 2 is an embodiment of the invention electromotor control circuit sketch map;
Fig. 3 is an embodiment of the invention motor Hall element output characteristics figure;
Fig. 4 is an embodiment of the invention Motor Control signal waveforms;
Fig. 5 is embodiment of the invention motor step-down control waveform figure.
Embodiment
Embodiment of the invention motor is on the basis of the designer's of the present invention CN201110100111.6 of patent application formerly specification embodiment 1 said motor, to improve to form.
The miniature permanent magnet synchronous motor electromagnetism of embodiment of the invention basic structure is as shown in Figure 1, and it inherits Fig. 1 in the CN201110100111.6 specification, comprising:
---stator 1, mainly form by U-iron core 11 and winding 12; Iron core 11 tops be configured as surround rotor 2 about two utmost points---the left utmost point 111 and the right utmost point 112; Winding 12 forms by penetrating each 1 coil serial or parallel connection of iron core 11 yoke portion left arms, right arm;
---rotor 2 is a p-m rotor, and the radial symmetric sine wave magnetizes and is N, S two utmost points, inserts between the left utmost point 111 and the right utmost point 112 of iron core 11, and is supported in the bearing rotation.
---motor is set as diagram (it then is clockwise observing along the motor reel rightabout) rotation counterclockwise; Stepped from top to bottom the narrowing of width of the air gap that the left side utmost point 111 and rotor are 2; Stepped from bottom to top the narrowing of width of the right utmost point 112 and 2 air gaps of rotor; Therefore under the diagram free state, the axis 21 of rotor 2 two utmost point magnetic fluxs is reference with the horizontal axis 113 of stator two utmost points, along about 10 ° of deflection counterclockwise;
---Hall element 3 is installed on the position of horizontal axis 113 right sides near rotor 2 circumference.
The miniature permanent magnet synchronous motor control circuit of the embodiment of the invention is as shown in Figure 2, and it inherits Fig. 2 in the CN201110100111.6 specification, mainly is made up of the printed circuit board (PCB) that is fixed in the motor non-shaft stretching end, and this printed circuit board (PCB) is equipped with:
---bidirectional thyristor 4, its main electrode be access to ac power supply terminal 5 after winding 12 is connected;
---single-chip microcomputer 6, its output circuit 63 is access to the trigger electrode 41 of bidirectional thyristor 4;
---the shaping circuit of forming by resistance 7 and diode 8,9 and 5V DC power supply VDD; Its input is access to ac power supply terminal 5; Output B is 0 when the polarity of voltage of ac power supply terminal 5 is 1 negative half-wave during for positive half wave, and the moment of this polar switching is the instantaneous cycle passing zero moment of AC power.Output B is access to the input circuit 61 of single-chip microcomputer 6;
---the output of Hall element 3 is access to the input circuit 62 of single-chip microcomputer 6.The output characteristic of Hall element 3 is linear, thereby the relation of the output level of Hall element 3 and rotor permanent magnet flux axis direction is sine wave characteristics, and when the permanent magnet flux axis direction was zero degree with horizontal axis 113 direction from left to right, this characteristic was as shown in Figure 3.This characteristic is the rotor output characteristic that its permanent-magnet pole skims over Hall element 3 that rotates a circle just.It is thus clear that the output level of Hall element 3 is the highest when the permanent magnet flux axis direction is 0 °---5V is minimum in the time of 180 °---1V.In addition, under free state, rotor permanent magnet flux axis is along 10 ° of counter clockwise direction deflections, and when the rotor permanent magnetism N utmost point during towards Hall element 3, the output level of Hall element 3 is 4.97V; Or when the rotor permanent magnetism S utmost point during towards Hall element 3, the output level of Hall element 3 is 1.03V.This characteristic is stored in the single-chip microcomputer 6.
According to the right-handed helix rule to winding 12 around to and be designed to toward the connection of ac power supply terminal 5: the voltage half-wave of ac power supply terminal 5 is correct time, and the direction of main flux axis of passing through air gap is in horizontal axis 113 right-to-lefts; Half-wave when negative then from left to right.
Therefore, when motor start-up, the voltage half-wave of ac power supply terminal 5 is for just being output as 4.97V with Hall element, and when perhaps half-wave was output as 1.03V for negative and Hall element, it was 10 ° that the reverse and permanent magnet flux axis direction of main flux axis intersects; When motor operation, the voltage half-wave of ac power supply terminal 5 is for just being output as 5V with Hall element, and when perhaps half-wave was output as 1V for negative and Hall element, it was 0 ° that the reverse and permanent magnet flux axis direction of main flux axis intersects.
Single-chip microcomputer 6 built-in software or hardware controls comprise:
A) program that the output characteristic of the level of input circuit 62 and stored Hall element 3 is compared, differentiates and exports; Its output A becomes 1 when when this level is 4.97V and motor start-up, perhaps arriving 5V and motor operation, when this level is 1.03V and motor start-up, perhaps arrives 1V and motor operation becomes 0 constantly;
B) the two be the logical relation of the output L that controls of the same or gate logic of input and A, B with above-mentioned output A and output B, like following table;
C) above-mentioned L is 1 o'clock, and the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is to the trigger electrode output voltage pulse of bidirectional thyristor 4, and this pulse dropped to zero before said polarity of voltage half-wave finishes, and promptly its width does not exceed said polarity of voltage and changes once more constantly.
The waveform of each signal is as shown in Figure 4: 51 is the waveform of ac power supply terminal 5; 52 for shaping circuit output B be the waveform of single-chip microcomputer input circuit 61; 31 is the waveform of the output level of Hall element 3; 32 is the built-in software of single-chip microcomputer 6 or hardware to the waveform of Hall element 3 output characteristic of the output level of Hall element 3 and the said storage output A after relatively, and 64 is the waveform of the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 to the potential pulse of the trigger electrode output of bidirectional thyristor 4.
Conducting immediately after the above-mentioned pulse of bidirectional thyristor 4 acquisitions, ac power supply terminal 5 make rotor 2 start or continue rotation promptly to winding 12 power supplies.Because not exceeding polarity of voltage, do not change once more constantly the width of the potential pulse that the trigger electrode of bidirectional thyristor 4 obtains; End during bidirectional thyristor 4 these half-wave conducting to these half-wave zero passages; Control by testing result once more at back to back next half-wave then: meet said condition; Be that L is 1 o'clock,, otherwise end conducting once more.
Embodiment of the invention motor mainly is single-chip microcomputer 6 built-in counter 1 sum counters 2 that also comprise to the improvement of CN201110100111.6 specification embodiment 1 said motor, and its built-in program also comprises the steps:
Step 1: motor connecting power, 2 zero clearings of counter 1 sum counter;
Step 2: input circuit 61 becomes the variation that begins to observe input circuit 62 level after 0 by 1;
Step 3: input circuit 62 level are become reduction or are become rising by reduction by rising, and counter 1 adds 1;
Step 4: become 1 until input circuit 61 by 0, if counter 1 accumulative total surpasses 1, then counter 2 adds 1;
Step 5: after input circuit 61 becomes 1 by 0,, continue to observe the variation of input circuit 62 level immediately to counter 1 zero clearing;
Step 6: input circuit 62 level are become reduction or are become rising by reduction by rising, and counter 1 adds 1;
Step 7: become 0 until input circuit 61 by 1, if counter 1 accumulative total surpasses 1, then counter 2 adds 1;
Step 8: after input circuit 61 becomes 0 by 1,, continue to observe the variation of input circuit 62 level immediately to counter 1 zero clearing;
Step 9: the process of repeating step 3～step 8 reaches 300 until counter 2 accumulative totals.The forward position of the voltage pulse waveforms of output circuit 63 outputs is changed into and was postponed for 1/4 cycle, shown in waveform among Fig. 5 65.
After step 9 was accomplished, bidirectional thyristor 4 to the waveform change of winding 12 output voltages be as damaged sinusoidal wave 66 among Fig. 5, the complete sinusoidal waveform 51 that this average voltage is compared the voltage on the ac power supply terminal 5 reduce pacts half.
Among this embodiment; Confirm the instantaneous cycle times of AC power through the instantaneous cycle passing zero moment of sequentially determining AC power; Also can confirm the instantaneous cycle times of AC power through the moment of the instantaneous a certain non-zero level of cycle of sequentially determining AC power, but fairly simple reliable with the former.
Among this embodiment, judge the unloaded stated number of motor be 300 and the phase shifting angle that therefore reduces voltage be 1/4 cycle, the situation according to the load of the motor of different capacity and driving thereof can increase or reduce to some extent.But judge that the unloaded stated number of motor is unsuitable too small, to avoid the influence of velocity fluctuation; The phase shifting angle that reduces voltage is unsuitable excessive, in order to avoid the motor step-out.
The power electronic element that uses among this embodiment is a two-way thyristor, also can change elements such as IGBT and power-type MOSFET into, but with the former price minimum and work also reliable.Bidirectional thyristor also can be replaced by the assembly that a direct current is rectified to the single-phase bridge rectifier that connects an one-way SCR, and the interchange end of rectifier replaces the main electrode of bidirectional thyristor, and single-phase silicon-controlled trigger electrode replaces the trigger electrode of bidirectional thyristor.
The processing of these embodiment single-chip microcomputer 6 built-in hardware and software can be used for the improvement of embodiment 2～3 said motor in the CN201110100111.6 specification equally.
Claims (2)
1. an Electronic Control orientation is rotated the single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, and this motor comprises:
---stator and p-m rotor;
---Power Electronic Circuit, AC power through this circuit to the stator output voltage;
---control circuit;
Said control circuit comprises:
---detect the status detection circuit of said AC power;
---be installed near the said rotor circumference position transducer with the state that detects said p-m rotor;
---according to the output of said testing circuit and the output of said position transducer, control said Power Electronic Circuit;
It is characterized in that:
---the output of said testing circuit comprises the instantaneous moment in cycle of said AC power;
---the output of said position transducer comprises that said rotor magnetic pole skims over the number of times of position transducer;
---when the stipulated number number of times that said rotor magnetic pole skims over position transducer in the said cycle during greater than 2 times of said cycle times, said Power Electronic Circuit reduces to the voltage of stator output and remains on setting.
2. according to the directed rotation of the said Electronic Control of claim 1 single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor; It is characterized in that: begin from motor start-up; Detect the number of times that each AC power half-wave internal rotor magnetic pole skims over position transducer; This number of times of accumulative total surpasses 1 time periodicity, if this accumulative total surpasses setting, said Power Electronic Circuit reduces to the voltage of stator output and remains on setting.
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| CN201210278112.4A CN102790565B (en) | 2012-08-07 | 2012-08-07 | A kind of Electronic Control directional-rotation single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105134617A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-12-09 | 江门市地尔汉宇电器股份有限公司 | Small-sized centrifugal pump driven by permanent-magnet synchronous motor |
| CN105156339A (en) * | 2015-10-02 | 2015-12-16 | 叶露微 | Small-sized centrifugal driven by U-shaped iron core single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| CN105186947A (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2015-12-23 | 叶露微 | Directional rotation single-phase self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor |
| CN105201864A (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2015-12-30 | 叶露微 | Small centrifugal pump driven by U-shaped iron core single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor |
| CN105356797A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-02-24 | 叶露微 | Small-sized electronically-controlled centrifugal pump driven by single-phase self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor |
| CN105375834A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-03-02 | 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司 | Motor driving circuit |
| CN105471330A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-04-06 | 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司 | Synchronous motor driving circuit |
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Cited By (12)
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| CN105375834A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-03-02 | 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司 | Motor driving circuit |
| CN105471330A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-04-06 | 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司 | Synchronous motor driving circuit |
| CN105375834B (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2020-06-30 | 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司 | Motor drive circuit |
| CN105134617A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-12-09 | 江门市地尔汉宇电器股份有限公司 | Small-sized centrifugal pump driven by permanent-magnet synchronous motor |
| CN105156339A (en) * | 2015-10-02 | 2015-12-16 | 叶露微 | Small-sized centrifugal driven by U-shaped iron core single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| CN105186947A (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2015-12-23 | 叶露微 | Directional rotation single-phase self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor |
| CN105201864A (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2015-12-30 | 叶露微 | Small centrifugal pump driven by U-shaped iron core single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor |
| CN105186947B (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2017-09-19 | 江门日野电机有限公司 | A kind of directional-rotation single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| CN105201864B (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2018-03-16 | 叶露微 | The small-size centrifugal pump of U-iron core single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor driving |
| CN105201864B8 (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2019-01-18 | 江门市地尔汉宇电器股份有限公司 | The small-size centrifugal pump of U-iron core single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor driving |
| CN105356797A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-02-24 | 叶露微 | Small-sized electronically-controlled centrifugal pump driven by single-phase self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor |
| CN105356797B (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2017-10-24 | 江门日野电机有限公司 | The small-size centrifugal pump of electronically controlled single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor driving |
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Address after: 529040 No. 336 Qing Lan Road, hi tech Development Zone, Guangdong, Jiangmen Patentee after: Hanyu Group Co., Ltd. Address before: 529040 No. 336 Qing Lan Road, hi tech Development Zone, Guangdong, Jiangmen Patentee before: Jiangmen Idear-hanyu Electrical Joint-stock Co., Ltd. |