CN102790565B - A kind of Electronic Control directional-rotation single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor - Google Patents
A kind of Electronic Control directional-rotation single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102790565B CN102790565B CN201210278112.4A CN201210278112A CN102790565B CN 102790565 B CN102790565 B CN 102790565B CN 201210278112 A CN201210278112 A CN 201210278112A CN 102790565 B CN102790565 B CN 102790565B
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Abstract
A kind of Electronic Control directional-rotation single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, comprising: stator and p-m rotor; Power Electronic Circuit, AC power through this circuit to stator output voltage; Control circuit.Control circuit comprises: the testing circuit detecting AC power state; Be installed near described rotor circumference to detect the position transducer of the state of described p-m rotor; According to the output of described testing circuit and the output of described position transducer, control described Power Electronic Circuit.The output of testing circuit comprises the instant cycle moment of AC power; The output of position transducer comprises the number of times that described rotor magnetic pole skims over position transducer; When the number of times that cycle internal rotor magnetic pole described in stipulated number skims over position transducer is greater than 2 times of described cycle times, Power Electronic Circuit reduces the voltage to stator output and remains on setting.This motor can keep preferably performance, but no-load running vibration, noise and temperature rise obviously improve, reliably relatively simple for structure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Electronic Control directional-rotation single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, particularly relate to this motor of Direct driver small-power centrifugal water pump, in International Patent Classification (IPC), classification can belong to H02P6/00.
Background technology
Electronic Control directional-rotation single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor see designer of the present invention at first patent application CN201110100111.6.This motor energy-saving material-saving more obvious than the asynchronous motor used before, but its vibrate when no-load running, noise is comparatively large and temperature rise is higher, need to improve.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, proposes a kind of Electronic Control directional-rotation single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, can keep preferably performance, but no-load running vibration, noise and temperature rise obviously improves, reliably relatively simple for structure.
The technical scheme of technical solution problem of the present invention is, a kind of Electronic Control directional-rotation single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, and this motor comprises:
---stator and p-m rotor;
---Power Electronic Circuit, AC power through this circuit to stator output voltage;
---control circuit;
Described control circuit comprises:
---detect the testing circuit of the state of described AC power;
---be installed near described rotor circumference to detect the position transducer of the state of described p-m rotor;
---according to the output of described testing circuit and the output of described position transducer, control described Power Electronic Circuit;
It is characterized in that:
---the output of described testing circuit comprises the instant cycle moment of described AC power;
---the output of described position transducer comprises the number of times that described rotor magnetic pole skims over position transducer;
---when the number of times that rotor magnetic pole described in the cycle described in stipulated number skims over position transducer is greater than 2 times of described cycle times, described Power Electronic Circuit reduces the voltage to stator output and remains on setting.
Electronic Control directional-rotation single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor is when exporting the voltage of specified AC power waveform to stator, no-load speed is higher than synchronous speed.The technical program utilizes this feature automatically to supervise the running status of motor dexterously: once detect that namely number of times that stipulated number AC mains cycle internal rotor magnetic pole skims over position transducer is greater than 2 times of described cycle times, namely conclude that motor is in no-load running, reduce the voltage to stator output immediately and remain on setting to start to reduce the torque of rotating magnetic field generation since then, thus correct hypervelocity, make motor recover synchronous speed and run.Thus the zero load vibration of motor, noise significantly reduce, and the temperature rise of stator also obviously improves because supply power voltage reduces.During this motor start-up, the supply power voltage due to stator is still the voltage of original specified AC power waveform, and original performance is kept.
What the technical program detected is the number of times that specified period internal rotor magnetic pole skims over position transducer, to the requirement of element, circuit, to compare other method more simple and reliable for lower and detection control program, original control circuit basis adjusts a little to the inside setting of single-chip microcomputer and program, does not thus increase cost; Especially be conducive to getting rid of the impact of this motor instantaneous velocity pulsation on testing result.
The technical program can be further designed to: from motor start-up, detect the number of times that each AC power half-wave internal rotor magnetic pole skims over position transducer, the accumulative periodicity of this number of times more than 1 time, if this accumulative total exceedes setting, described Power Electronic Circuit reduces the voltage to stator output and remains on setting.This design is more conducive to getting rid of the impact of this motor instantaneous velocity pulsation on testing result, improves stability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is embodiment of the present invention motor electromagnetism basic structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is embodiment of the present invention electromotor control circuit schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is embodiment of the present invention motor Hall element output characteristics figure;
Fig. 4 is embodiment of the present invention Motor control signal oscillogram;
Fig. 5 is embodiment of the present invention motor step-down control waveform figure.
Embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention motor forms improving on the basis of motor described in first patent application CN201110100111.6 specification embodiment 1 of designer of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, it inherits Fig. 1 in CN201110100111.6 specification to embodiment of the present invention small permanent magnetic sychronous motor electromagnetism basic structure, comprising:
---stator 1, forms primarily of U-iron core 11 and winding 12; The pole, left and right two---left pole 111 and the right pole 112 that surround rotor 2 is configured as above iron core 11; Winding 12 is by penetrating iron core 11 yoke portion left arm, each 1 coils connected in series of right arm or being formed in parallel;
---rotor 2 is p-m rotor, and radial symmetric sine wave magnetizes as N, S bis-pole, between the left pole 111 of inserting iron core 11 and right pole 112, and is supported in bearing rotary.
---motor setting is as counterclockwise in diagram, and (it is then clockwise for observing along motor reel rightabout) rotates, the width of the air gap between left pole 111 and rotor 2 is stepped from top to bottom to be narrowed, between right pole 112 and rotor 2, the width of air gap is stepped from bottom to top narrows, therefore under diagram free state, the axis 21 of rotor 2 two pole magnetic flux for reference, deflects about 10 ° with the horizontal axis 113 of stator two pole in the counterclockwise direction;
---Hall element 3 is installed on the position near rotor 2 circumference on the right side of horizontal axis 113.
As shown in Figure 2, it inherits Fig. 2 in CN201110100111.6 specification to embodiment of the present invention small permanent magnetic sychronous motor control circuit, and primarily of the printed circuit board (PCB) composition being fixed on motor non-shaft stretching end, this printed circuit board (PCB) is provided with:
---bidirectional thyristor 4, its main electrode is access to ac power supply terminal 5 after connecting with winding 12;
---single-chip microcomputer 6, its output circuit 63 is access to the trigger electrode 41 of bidirectional thyristor 4;
---the shaping circuit be made up of resistance 7 and diode 10,9 and 5V DC power supply VDD, its input is access to ac power supply terminal 5, it exports (following describe as " output B ") when the polarity of voltage of ac power supply terminal 5 is positive half wave be 1 and bear half-wave time be 0, the moment of this dipole inversion is the moment of AC power instant cycle zero passage.Export the input circuit 61 that B is access to single-chip microcomputer 6;
---the output of Hall element 3 is access to the input circuit 62 of single-chip microcomputer 6.The output characteristic of Hall element 3 is linear, and thus the output level of Hall element 3 and the pass of rotor permanent magnet magnetic flux axis direction are sine wave characteristics, permanent magnet flux axis direction with horizontal axis 113 direction from left to right for zero degree time, this characteristic is as shown in Figure 3.This characteristic i.e. rotor its permanent-magnet pole that rotates a circle skims over the output characteristic of Hall element 3.Visible, the output level of Hall element 3 is the highest when permanent magnet flux axis direction is 0 °---and 5V is minimum when 180 °---1V.In addition, in a free state, rotor permanent magnet magnetic flux axis deflects 10 ° in the counterclockwise direction, and when rotor permanent magnet N pole is towards Hall element 3, the output level of Hall element 3 is 4.97V; Or when rotor permanent magnet S pole is towards Hall element 3, the output level of Hall element 3 is 1.03V.This characteristic is stored in single-chip microcomputer 6.
According to right-hand rule to winding 12 around to and be designed to toward the connection of ac power supply terminal 5: the voltage half-wave of ac power supply terminal 5 is timing, passes through the direction of the main flux axis of air gap in horizontal axis 113 right-to-left; When half-wave is for bearing then from left to right.
Therefore, when motor start-up, the voltage half-wave of ac power supply terminal 5 is just exporting as 4.97V with Hall element, or when half-wave exports as 1.03V with Hall element for bearing, the oppositely crossing with permanent magnet flux axis direction of main flux axis is 10 °; When motor operation, the voltage half-wave of ac power supply terminal 5 is just exporting as 5V with Hall element, or when half-wave exports as 1V with Hall element for bearing, the oppositely crossing with permanent magnet flux axis direction of main flux axis is 0 °.
The software that single-chip microcomputer 6 is built-in or hardware controls comprise:
A) to the program that the level of input circuit 62 and the output characteristic of stored Hall element 3 compare, differentiate and export, its export A when this level be 4.97V and motor start-up time or arrive 5V and motor operation time become 1, when this level be 1.03V and motor start-up time or arrival 1V and motor operation become 0 constantly;
B) with output L and the A of same or gate logic control, the logical relation of B of above-mentioned output A and output both B for inputting, as following table;
C), when above-mentioned L is 1, the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is to the trigger electrode output voltage pulse of bidirectional thyristor 4, and this pulse dropped to zero before described polarity of voltage half-wave terminates, and namely its width does not exceed described polarity of voltage switch instant again.
The waveform of each signal is as shown in Figure 4: 51 is the waveform of ac power supply terminal 5,52 export the waveform of B and single-chip microcomputer input circuit 61 for shaping circuit, 31 is the waveform of the output level of Hall element 3,32 is the waveform of output A after the built-in software of single-chip microcomputer 6 or hardware compare with Hall element 3 output characteristic of described storage the output level of Hall element 3, and 64 is the waveform of the potential pulse that the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 exports to the trigger electrode of bidirectional thyristor 4.
Bidirectional thyristor 4 obtains conducting immediately after above-mentioned pulse, and namely ac power supply terminal 5 powers to winding 12, makes rotor 2 start or continue to rotate.The width of the potential pulse obtained due to the trigger electrode of bidirectional thyristor 4 does not exceed polarity of voltage switch instant again, bidirectional thyristor 4 this time half-wave conducting ends to during this half-wave zero passage, then again control by testing result at next half-wave back to back: meet described condition, namely when L is 1, by conducting again, otherwise cut-off.
Mainly single-chip microcomputer 6 is built-in also comprises counter 1 sum counter 2 to the improvement of motor described in CN201110100111.6 specification embodiment 1 for embodiment of the present invention motor, and its built-in program also comprises the steps:
Step 1: motor connecting power, counter 1 sum counter 2 resets;
Step 2: input circuit 61 becomes from 1 change starting to observe input circuit 62 level after 0;
Step 3: input circuit 62 level is become from rising and reduces or become rising from reduction, and counter 1 adds 1;
Step 4: until input circuit 61 becomes 1 from 0, if counter 1 accumulative total is more than 1, then counter 2 adds 1;
Step 5: after input circuit 61 becomes 1 from 0, resets counter 1 immediately, continues the change observing input circuit 62 level;
Step 6: input circuit 62 level is become from rising and reduces or become rising from reduction, and counter 1 adds 1;
Step 7: until input circuit 61 becomes 0 from 1, if counter 1 accumulative total is more than 1, then counter 2 adds 1;
Step 8: after input circuit 61 becomes 0 from 1, resets counter 1 immediately, continues the change observing input circuit 62 level;
Step 9: the process repeating step 3 ~ step 8, until counter 2 accumulative total reaches 300.Delay 1/4 cycle is changed into, as shown in waveform in Fig. 5 65 in the forward position of the voltage pulse waveforms that output circuit 63 exports.
After step 9 completes, bidirectional thyristor 4 is as the defect sine wave 66 in Fig. 5 to the waveform change of winding 12 output voltage, and the complete sine waveform 51 of the voltage that this average voltage is compared on ac power supply terminal 5 reduces about half.
In this embodiment, AC power instant cycle number of times is determined by the moment of sequentially determining AC power instant cycle zero passage, also AC power instant cycle number of times can be determined by the moment of a certain non-zero level of sequentially determining AC power instant cycle, but reliably fairly simple with the former.
In this embodiment, judge the stated number of motor no-load be 300 and the phase shifting angle that therefore reduces voltage be 1/4 cycle, according to the situation of the motor of different capacity and the load of driving thereof, can increase to some extent or reduce.But judge that the stated number of motor no-load is unsuitable too small, with the impact from velocity fluctuation; The phase shifting angle reducing voltage is unsuitable excessive, in order to avoid motor step-out.
The power electronic element used in this embodiment is a bidirectional thyristor, also can change the element such as IGBT and power-type MOSFET into, but with the former price minimum and work also reliable.The assembly that bidirectional thyristor also can be rectified to the single-phase bridge rectifier of connection one one-way SCR by a direct current replaces, and the interchange end of rectifier replaces the main electrode of bidirectional thyristor, and single-phase silicon-controlled trigger electrode replaces the trigger electrode of bidirectional thyristor.
The process of the built-in hardware and software of this embodiment single-chip microcomputer 6, can be used for the improvement of motor described in embodiment 2 ~ 3 in CN201110100111.6 specification equally.
Claims (2)
1. an Electronic Control directional-rotation single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, this motor comprises:
---stator and p-m rotor;
---electronic power switching circuit, AC power through this circuit to stator output voltage;
---control circuit;
Described control circuit comprises:
---detect the testing circuit of the state of described AC power;
---be installed near described rotor circumference to detect the position transducer of the state of described p-m rotor;
---according to the output of described testing circuit and the output of described position transducer and the output circuit of output voltage pulse, the potential pulse exported controls described electronic power switching circuit;
It is characterized in that:
---the output of described testing circuit comprises the instant cycle moment of described AC power, is 0 when being 1 negative half-wave when the polarity of voltage of described AC power is positive half wave;
---the output of described position transducer comprises the number of times that described rotor magnetic pole skims over position transducer;
---when the number of times that rotor magnetic pole described in AC power half wave cycles described in stipulated number skims over position transducer is greater than described AC power half wave cycles number of times, described electronic power switching circuit reduces the voltage to stator output and remains on setting; And, from motor start-up, detect the number of times that each AC power half-wave internal rotor magnetic pole skims over position transducer, the accumulative AC power half wave cycles number of this number of times more than 1 time, if this accumulative total exceedes setting, described electronic power switching circuit reduces the voltage to stator output and remains on setting;
Further be designed specifically to:
Described electronic power switching circuit is bidirectional thyristor, and described control circuit comprises single-chip microcomputer, and single-chip microcomputer has:
---the 1st input circuit, connects the output of described testing circuit;
---the 2nd input circuit, connects the output of described position transducer;
Built-in 1st counter and the 2nd counter, built-in program comprises the steps:
Step 1: motor connecting power, the 1st counter and the 2nd counter O reset;
Step 2: the 1st input circuit becomes from 1 change starting to observe the 2nd input circuit level after 0;
Step 3: the 2nd input circuit level is become from rising and reduces or become rising from reduction, and the 1st counter adds 1;
Step 4: until the 1st input circuit becomes 1 from 0, if the 1st counter accumulative total is more than 1, then the 2nd counter adds 1;
Step 5: after the 1st input circuit becomes 1 from 0, immediately to the 1st counter O reset, continues the change of observation the 2nd input circuit level;
Step 6: the 2nd input circuit level is become from rising and reduces or become rising from reduction, and the 1st counter adds 1;
Step 7: until the 1st input circuit becomes 0 from 1, if the 1st counter accumulative total is more than 1, then the 2nd counter adds 1;
Step 8: after the 1st input circuit becomes 0 from 1, immediately to the 1st counter O reset, continues the change of observation the 2nd input circuit level;
Step 9: the process repeating step 3 ~ step 8, until the 2nd counter accumulative total reaches stated number; The forward position delay stipulated time of described voltage pulse waveforms.
2., according to motor described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the stated number that described 2nd counter accumulative total reaches be 300 and voltage pulse waveforms forward position postpone stipulated time be AC power 1/4 cycle.
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| CN201210278112.4A CN102790565B (en) | 2012-08-07 | 2012-08-07 | A kind of Electronic Control directional-rotation single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor |
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| CN201210278112.4A CN102790565B (en) | 2012-08-07 | 2012-08-07 | A kind of Electronic Control directional-rotation single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor |
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| CN102790565B true CN102790565B (en) | 2015-11-18 |
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| CN105471330A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-04-06 | 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司 | Synchronous motor driving circuit |
| CN107634683B (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2020-03-24 | 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司 | Synchronous motor drive circuit |
| CN105134617B (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2016-10-19 | 江门市地尔汉宇电器股份有限公司 | The small-size centrifugal pump that a kind of permasyn morot drives |
| CN105156339B (en) * | 2015-10-02 | 2017-12-01 | 江门市地尔汉宇电器股份有限公司 | A kind of small-size centrifugal pump of U-iron core single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor driving |
| CN105186947B (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2017-09-19 | 江门日野电机有限公司 | A kind of directional-rotation single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| CN105201864B8 (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2019-01-18 | 江门市地尔汉宇电器股份有限公司 | The small-size centrifugal pump of U-iron core single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor driving |
| CN105356797B (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2017-10-24 | 江门日野电机有限公司 | The small-size centrifugal pump of electronically controlled single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor driving |
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Address after: 529040 No. 336 Qing Lan Road, hi tech Development Zone, Guangdong, Jiangmen Patentee after: Hanyu Group Co., Ltd. Address before: 529040 No. 336 Qing Lan Road, hi tech Development Zone, Guangdong, Jiangmen Patentee before: Jiangmen Idear-hanyu Electrical Joint-stock Co., Ltd. |