CN102938626A - Micro-size single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor - Google Patents
Micro-size single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102938626A CN102938626A CN2012103926493A CN201210392649A CN102938626A CN 102938626 A CN102938626 A CN 102938626A CN 2012103926493 A CN2012103926493 A CN 2012103926493A CN 201210392649 A CN201210392649 A CN 201210392649A CN 102938626 A CN102938626 A CN 102938626A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a micro-size permanent-magnet single-phase synchronous motor which comprises a stator and a permanent-magnet rotor which are same in pole number, wherein an AC (Alternating Current) power supply supplies electricity to the stator through the switch of a control circuit; an air gap is narrowed along a same peripheral direction under each pole so that the axial lines of the poles of the permanent-magnet rotor deflect an acute angle in a free state by taking the axial line of one closest pole of the stator as a reference; a linear magnetic position sensor is arranged on the peripheral preset position of the permanent-magnet rotor to detect the polarity and the position of the permanent-magnet rotor; the control circuit determines the axial direction of the permanent-magnet flux of various poles of the permanent-magnet rotor through the output of the linear magnetic position sensor by taking the peripheral preset position as the reference; and the control circuit detects the polarity of voltage which is supplied by the AC power supply to the stator to determine the axial directions of main fluxes generated at all the poles and control the half-waves of the AC power supply one by one according to a rotation direction set for the permanent-magnet rotor. The micro-size permanent-magnet single-phase synchronous motor disclosed by the invention can start and operate according to the preset rotation direction and is good in property and simple and reliable in control structure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor, relate in particular to a kind of miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor of direct driving small-power centrifugal water pump, in International Patent Classification (IPC), classification can belong to H02P6/20.
Background technology
The miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor of traditional direct driving small-power centrifugal water pump is compared the obvious energy-saving material-saving of asynchronous motor, but its direction of rotation is uncertain, affected and be transmitted the efficient of machinery and multipurpose design, prior art, always for improving this deficiency effort, is found in Chinese invention patent application prospectus CN1275257A and Chinese utility model patent specification CN201409107Y.But the control structure of these designs of prior art is relatively complicated, and practical effect is still not good enough.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, proposes a kind of miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor, can be according to the direction of rotation operation of setting, thereby the efficient and multipurpose of being convenient to be transmitted machinery designs, and control structure is fairly simple.
The technical scheme of technical solution problem of the present invention is that a kind of miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor comprises:
---stator and the p-m rotor of same number of poles;
---switch, AC power is powered to stator through this switch;
---control circuit, the break-make of control switch;
It is characterized in that:
A) winding of described stator is in accordance with regulations around to being access to AC power;
B) between described stator and rotor, the width of air gap narrows in each extremely lower circumferencial direction along setting, thereby under free state, and it is reference that the axis of each utmost point of rotor be take the axis of hithermost stator one utmost point, along the circumferencial direction deflection one acute angle angle of setting;
C) described control circuit comprises that one is installed on described rotor circumference desired location with the polarity that detects at any time described rotor and the linear magnetic position sensor of position, and take this desired location as reference with by the output of this transducer, determine that each utmost point of rotor passes through the direction of the permanent magnet flux axis of air gap;
D) described control circuit detects the polarity that external ac power source is supplied with the voltage of stator at any time, determine that it will produce at each utmost point of stator the direction of the main flux axis that pass through air gap, and according to the direction of rotation that described rotor is set to AC power one by one half-wave controlled:
---when motor start-up, if the direction of rotation that described rotor is set is identical with described circumferencial direction, described switch is connection AC power half-wave now when the rightabout of described main flux axis and permanent magnet flux axes intersect are described acute angle angle; If the direction of rotation that described rotor is set is contrary with described circumferencial direction, described switch when the direction of described main flux axis and permanent magnet flux axes intersect are described acute angle angle, connection AC power half-wave now;
---when motor operation, described switch is fully contrary or approach when contrary connection AC power half-wave now at described main flux axis and permanent magnet flux axis direction.
The ingenious part of this design is:
---the design that air gap narrows along the circumferencial direction of setting, make a moment at motor start-up, if the direction of rotation that described rotor is set is identical with described circumferencial direction, the permanent magnet flux axis is in the rightabout one acute angle angle that surmounts the main flux axis along the direction of rotation of setting; The direction of rotation of perhaps described rotor being set is contrary with described circumferencial direction, and the permanent magnet flux axis is in the direction one acute angle angle that falls behind the main flux axis along the direction of rotation of setting;
---when motor operation, design switches on power when the permanent magnet flux axis rotates to the fully contrary of main flux axis or approaches contrary direction, occurs after making main flux surmount a little the rightabout of main flux axis along the direction of rotation of setting at the permanent magnet flux axis.
The beneficial effect of this design is:
---according to the magnetic field straightening principle, during the 1st power supply half-wave energising of motor start-up, if the direction of rotation that described rotor is set is identical with described circumferencial direction, at first rotor magnetic pole leaned on toward opposite polarity next magnetic pole of the stator along the direction of rotation repulsion by magnetic pole of the stator hithermost with it, then be subject to this next magnetic pole of the stator and attract, thereby higher detent torque is arranged; If the direction of rotation that described rotor is set is contrary with described circumferencial direction, at first rotor magnetic pole entered running by magnetic pole of the stator hithermost with it along direction of rotation attraction; When motor operation, during each power supply half-wave energising, at first rotor magnetic pole is all leaned on toward opposite polarity next magnetic pole of the stator along the direction of rotation repulsion by magnetic pole of the stator hithermost with it, then being subject to this next magnetic pole of the stator attracts, electromagnetic repulsion force and suction are all utilized, improved the average torque that starts and turn round, thereby the running torque is higher and pulsation is less.
---same motor can have suitable, counterclockwise 2 controlled direction of rotation, is specially adapted to the two outlets of transmission or dualfunctional pump; And when the direction of rotation that described rotor is set is identical with described circumferencial direction, in startup and running, suffered electromagnetic force is the electromagnetic force of the direction of rotation of setting, guarantee that direction of rotation starts and running by setting, and the pulsation that has alleviated startup and turned round, can not occur that rotor magnetic pole is held by magnetic pole of the stator hithermost with it and situation about blocking, especially electromagnetic repulsion force and suction are all utilized, and have improved the average torque that starts and turn round.
---use linear magnetic position sensor can realize approaching sinusoidal wave continuous wave output characteristic with the relation of rotor permanent magnet magnetic flux axis direction, take its rotor circumference desired location of being installed is the polarity with reference to detection rotor and position, and the polarity of rotor and position all can be by output and the installation site calculative determinations of transducer.Therefore, transducer can be installed on any position of rotor circumference, can exempt the restriction of prior art to its installation site, is conducive to structural design.
This technical scheme preferably designs when motor operation, described switch in the rotation of described permanent magnet flux axis to before the main flux axis direction is fully contrary, connection AC power half-wave now, the time shifted to an earlier date is shorter than the time of winding current lagging voltage.Due to the voltage that lags behind of the inductance current of motor winding, this design can utilize supply voltage more fully.
One of modular design of this technical scheme is:
---the iron core of described stator is the U-iron core, and yoke section penetrates winding, and upper shed is configured as two utmost points that insert for rotor, and described p-m rotor is also two utmost points;
---described switch is bidirectional thyristor, after bidirectional thyristor main electrode and described windings in series, is access to AC power;
---the circumferencial direction of described setting is counterclockwise, between left side one utmost point of described iron core two utmost points and rotor, the width of air gap narrows from top to bottom, between right side one utmost point and rotor, the width of air gap narrows from bottom to top, therefore under free state, it is reference that rotor permanent magnet magnetic flux axis be take the horizontal axis of stator core two utmost points, in the counterclockwise direction deflection one acute angle angle;
---described transducer is Hall element, is installed on the position of the horizontal axis of described stator core two utmost points near rotor circumference;
---winding around to and connect and to make the half-wave of described voltage for just with Hall element, being output as maximum level or approaching maximum level, when perhaps the half-wave of described voltage is output as minimum level or approaches minimum level for negative and Hall element, when the direction of rotation that when to reach the direction of rotation of setting at motor start-up and described rotor be counterclockwise, the rightabout of described main flux axis and permanent magnet flux axes intersect are described acute angle angle or the setting of described rotor is clockwise, direction and the permanent magnet flux axes intersect of described main flux axis are described acute angle angle, perhaps when motor operation, described main flux axis is contrary with the permanent magnet flux axis direction or approaching contrary,
---described control circuit comprises together or gate logic is controlled, this with or one of gate logic input for supply with the polarity of the voltage of described winding corresponding to the AC power of main flux axis direction, and be 0 while being 1 negative half-wave during positive half wave; Two of input is the output levels for the Hall element corresponding to the permanent magnet flux axis direction, and maximum level or be 1 and minimum level or be 0 while approaching minimum level while approaching maximum level;
---described with or the door be output as at 1 o'clock, described control circuit is to the trigger electrode output voltage pulse of described bidirectional thyristor, pulse duration does not exceed the moment that described polarity of voltage is changed again.
Two of the modular design of this technical scheme is:
---the iron core of described stator is the U-iron core, and yoke section penetrates winding, and upper shed is configured as two utmost points that insert for rotor, and described p-m rotor is also two utmost points;
---described switch is bidirectional thyristor; Be access to AC power after the main electrode of bidirectional thyristor and described windings in series;
---the circumferencial direction of described setting is counterclockwise, between left side one utmost point of described iron core two utmost points and rotor, the width of air gap narrows from top to bottom, between right side one utmost point and rotor, the width of air gap narrows from bottom to top, therefore under free state, it is reference that rotor permanent magnet magnetic flux axis be take the horizontal axis of stator core two utmost points, in the counterclockwise direction deflection one acute angle angle;
---described transducer is Hall element, is installed on the position of described core center line top near rotor circumference;
---winding around to and connect make described voltage half-wave for just arriving or approach high with the instantaneous value of Hall element output level, low level median and when raising, the instantaneous value that perhaps half-wave of described voltage is negative and Hall element output level arrives or approaches high, low level median and when reducing, when the direction of rotation that when to reach the direction of rotation of setting at motor start-up and described rotor be counterclockwise, the rightabout of described main flux axis and permanent magnet flux axes intersect are described acute angle angle or the setting of described rotor is clockwise, direction and the permanent magnet flux axes intersect of described main flux axis are described acute angle angle, perhaps when motor operation, described main flux axis is contrary with the permanent magnet flux axis direction or approaching contrary,
---described control circuit comprises together or gate logic is controlled, this with or one of gate logic input for supply with the polarity of the voltage of described winding corresponding to the AC power of main flux axis direction, and be 0 while being 1 negative half-wave during positive half wave; Two of input is instantaneous value and the change direction thereof corresponding to the Hall element output level of permanent magnet flux axis direction, and arrives or approach the median of high and low level and be 1 during in rising when the instantaneous value of this level, during reduction, is 0;
---described with or the door be output as at 1 o'clock, described control circuit is to the trigger electrode output voltage pulse of described bidirectional thyristor, pulse duration does not exceed the moment that described polarity of voltage is changed again.
Technical scheme of the present invention and effect will be further described by reference to the accompanying drawings in embodiment.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor electromagnetism of the present invention the 1st embodiment basic structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor control circuit of the present invention the the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd embodiment schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor Hall element of the present invention the 1st embodiment output characteristics figure;
Fig. 4 is the miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor Hall element of the present invention the 2nd, the 3rd embodiment output characteristics figure;
Fig. 5 is the control signal oscillogram of the present invention the 1st, the 2nd, the miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor of the 3rd embodiment;
Fig. 6 is the miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor electromagnetism of the present invention the 2nd embodiment basic structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is the miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor electromagnetism of the present invention the 3rd embodiment basic structure schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The present invention the 1st embodiment and the miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor of the 2nd embodiment are to improve and form on the basis of the miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor such as Chinese invention patent application prospectus CN1275257A and the described traditional direct driving small-power centrifugal water pump of Chinese utility model patent specification CN201409107Y.
As shown in Figure 1, it inherits in CN1275257A structure shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 in Fig. 1 or CN201409107Y and comprises the miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor electromagnetism of the present invention the 1st embodiment basic structure:
---stator 1 mainly is comprised of U-iron core 11 and winding 12; Iron core 11 tops are configured as left and right two utmost points---the left utmost point 111 and the right utmost point 112 that surrounds rotor 2; Winding 12 forms by penetrating each 1 coil serial or parallel connection of iron core 11 yoke section left arms, right arm;
---rotor 2 is p-m rotor, and the radial symmetric sine wave magnetizes as N, S bis-utmost points, inserts between the left utmost point 111 and the right utmost point 112 of iron core 11, and is supported in bearing rotary.
Specially designed mechanical structure is:
---along the counterclockwise circumferencial direction of diagram, the width of the air gap that the left utmost point 111 and rotor are 2 is stepped narrowing from top to bottom, the width of the right utmost point 112 and 2 air gaps of rotor is stepped narrowing from bottom to top, therefore under the diagram free state, it is reference that the axis 21 of rotor 2 two utmost point magnetic fluxs be take the horizontal axis 113 of stator two utmost points, and deflection is approximately 10 ° in the counterclockwise direction;
---Hall element 3 is installed on the position of horizontal axis 113 right sides near rotor 2 circumference.
The miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor control circuit of the present invention the 1st embodiment as shown in Figure 2, mainly is comprised of the printed circuit board (PCB) that is fixed in the motor non-shaft stretching end, and this printed circuit board (PCB) is equipped with:
---bidirectional thyristor 4, its main electrode be access to ac power supply terminal 5 after winding 12 is connected;
---single-chip microcomputer 6, its output circuit 63 is access to the trigger electrode 41 of bidirectional thyristor 4; In addition, single-chip microcomputer 6 also has input circuit 61,62 and 68;
---the shaping circuit formed by resistance 7 and diode 9,10 and 5V DC power supply VDD, its input is access to ac power supply terminal 5, and output B is 0 while when the polarity of voltage of ac power supply terminal 5 is positive half wave, being 1 negative half-wave.Output B is access to the input circuit 61 of single-chip microcomputer 6;
---level input port 8, the high/low level signal of sending for receiving outside (as the controller of motor place equipment), and signal is passed to the receiving terminal 68 of single-chip microcomputer 6.This signal is mainly used in setting the direction of rotation of motor: after circuit board must be established beginning work by cable, built-in software or the hardware by means of single-chip microcomputer 6, if described signal high level is controlled rotor 2 and is started in the counterclockwise direction and rotate; If this signal low level, control rotor 2 and start along clockwise direction and rotate.
The output of Hall element 3 is access to the input circuit 62 of single-chip microcomputer 6.The output characteristic of Hall element 3 is linear, thereby the pass of the output level of Hall element 3 and rotor permanent magnet magnetic flux axis direction is sine wave characteristics, and the permanent magnet flux axis direction be take horizontal axis 113 direction from left to right during as zero degree, and this characteristic as shown in Figure 3.Visible, the output level of Hall element 3 is the highest when the permanent magnet flux axis direction is 0 °---and 5V is minimum in the time of 180 °---1V.In addition, under free state, 10 ° of the deflections in the counterclockwise direction of rotor permanent magnet magnetic flux axis, when the rotor permanent magnet N utmost point, during towards Hall element 3, the output level of Hall element 3 is 4.97V; Or when the rotor permanent magnet S utmost point during towards Hall element 3, the output level of Hall element 3 is 1.03V.This characteristic is stored in single-chip microcomputer 6.
According to right-hand rule to winding 12 around to and toward the connection of ac power supply terminal 5, be designed to: the voltage half-wave of ac power supply terminal 5 is timing, passes through the direction of main flux axis of air gap in horizontal axis 113 right-to-lefts; Half-wave when negative from left to right.
Therefore, when motor start-up, the voltage half-wave of ac power supply terminal 5 is for just with Hall element, being output as 4.97V, or half-wave is while being output as 1.03V for negative and Hall element, the main flux axis oppositely and the permanent magnet flux axis direction to intersect be 10 °; When motor operation, the voltage half-wave of ac power supply terminal 5 is for just with Hall element, being output as 5V, or half-wave is while being output as 1V for negative and Hall element, the main flux axis oppositely and the permanent magnet flux axis direction to intersect be 0 °.
When the signal that single-chip microcomputer 6 obtains when its receiving terminal 68 is high level, built-in software or hardware controls are:
A) program that the level of input circuit 62 is detected, differentiated and export, its output A when this level is 4.97V and motor start-up or motor operation become 1 while arriving 5V, become 0 when this level is 1.03V and motor start-up or during motor operation arrival 1V;
B) take the output L of the two control of the same or gate logic for input of above-mentioned output A and output B and the logical relation of A, B, as following table;
| The Hall output level | Electric power polarity | A B | L | Reverse and the permanent magnet flux angle of main flux |
| During motor start-up, be 4.97V, or running the time is 5V | |
11 | 1 | During startup be 10 °, or running the time is 0 ° |
| During motor start-up, be 1.03V, or running the time is 1V | Positive half wave | 01 | 0 | ———————— |
| During motor start-up, be 4.97V, or running the time is 5V | Negative half- |
10 | 0 | ———————— |
| During motor start-up, be 1.03V, or running the time is 1V | Negative half-wave | 00 | 1 | During startup be 10 °, or running the time is 0 ° |
C) above-mentioned L is 1 o'clock, and the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is to the trigger electrode output voltage pulse of bidirectional thyristor 4, and this pulse dropped to zero before described polarity of voltage half-wave finishes, and its width does not exceed described polarity of voltage and again changes constantly.
The waveform of each signal is as shown in Figure 5: 51 waveforms that are ac power supply terminal 5,52 waveforms for shaping circuit output B, the waveform of 31 output levels that are Hall element 3,32 for motor operation the waveform of time output A, 64 waveforms that be potential pulse from the trigger electrodes to bidirectional thyristor 4 that export corresponding to 32.The waveform of the potential pulse of exporting the waveform of A during motor start-up and exporting to the trigger electrode of bidirectional thyristor 4 is positioned at Fig. 5 axis of ordinates line position with respect to 32 and 64 forward positions that move forward to a little square wave respectively.
When the signal that single-chip microcomputer 6 obtains when its receiving terminal 68 is low level, built-in software or hardware controls are:
A) program that the level of input circuit 62 is detected, differentiated and export, its output A when this level is 4.97V and motor start-up or motor operation become 0 while arriving 5V, become 1 when this level is 1.03V and motor start-up or during motor operation arrival 1V;
B) take the output L of the two control of the same or gate logic for input of above-mentioned output A and output B and the logical relation of A, B, as following table;
| The Hall output level | Electric power polarity | A B | L | Reverse and the permanent magnet flux angle of main flux |
| During motor start-up, be 4.97V, or running the time is 5V | Positive half wave | 01 | 0 | ———————— |
| During motor start-up, be 1.03V, or running the time is 1V | |
11 | 1 | During startup be 10 °, or running the time is 0 ° |
| During motor start-up, be 4.97V, or running the time is 5V | Negative half-wave | 00 | 1 | During startup be 10 °, or running the time is 0 ° |
| During motor start-up, be 1.03V, or running the time is 1V | Negative half- |
10 | 0 | ———————— |
C) above-mentioned L is 1 o'clock, and the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is to the trigger electrode output voltage pulse of bidirectional thyristor 4, and this pulse dropped to zero before the electric power polarity half-wave finishes, and its width does not exceed electric power polarity and again changes constantly.
As shown in Figure 5, the waveform that removes the output level of Hall element 3 changes 41 into to the waveform of each signal---and be the anti-phase waveform of waveform 31, when the signal that all the other waveforms obtain when its receiving terminal 68 with single-chip microcomputer 6 is low level, the waveform of each signal is identical.
The miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor electromagnetism of the present invention the 2nd embodiment basic structure is (following narration is to the mark person of not enumerating in Fig. 7, all identical with the meaning of the same label of Fig. 1) as shown in Figure 6, and the difference of itself and the 1st embodiment mainly is:
A) Hall element 3 changes into and is installed on the position of core center line 114 tops near rotor circumference, and the position that is equivalent to the 1st embodiment is rotated counterclockwise has moved 90 °;
B) due to a), 90 ° of the migrations counterclockwise of the relation of the output level of Hall element 3 and rotor permanent magnet magnetic flux axis direction, as shown in Figure 4.Visible, same coordinate system Fig. 4 characteristic curve compare Fig. 3 to right translation 90 °, the output level of Hall element 3 is the median of the high and low level of 3V(when the permanent magnet flux axis direction is 0 ° and 180 °), but raise (last instantaneous value is sampled as 2.9V) when the instantaneous value in the time of 0 ° is crossed 3V, reduce (last instantaneous value is sampled as 3.1V) in the time of 180 °.
C) due to b), a) changing into to single-chip microcomputer 6 in the 1st embodiment in built-in software or hardware controls:
---the program that level to input circuit 62 is detected, differentiates and exports, when the signal detected when the port 68 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is high level, its output A is when the instantaneous value of this level is 3V and crosses when 3V raises and become 1, becomes 0(during reduction so control rotor 2 start in the counterclockwise direction and rotate); When the signal detected when the port 68 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is low level, its output A is when the instantaneous value of this level is 3V and crosses when 3V raises and become 0, becomes 1(during reduction so control rotor 2 start along clockwise direction and rotate).
In fact, Hall element 3 can be installed on any with regard to mechanical structure more easily angle near the position of rotor circumference, only need reference above-mentioned a), b) and way c), according to this position with respect to installation site before before direction of rotation or the angle of moving backward, and by this angle, the output level of Hall element 3 is compared to the to the right corresponding or left of the former characteristic curve of Fig. 3 with the characteristic curve of the relation of rotor permanent magnet magnetic flux axis direction in same coordinate system, and by the characteristic after this migration, value and the lifting situation thereof of the output level of determining Hall element 3 when the permanent magnet flux axis direction is respectively 0 ° and 180 °, and using the comparison as output A of this two-value and lifting situation thereof, the foundation of differentiating and exporting, built-in software or the hardware controls corresponding modify to single-chip microcomputer 6.For example, if changing the position of comparing the 1st embodiment into, the installation site of Hall element 3 is rotated counterclockwise 45 ° of migrations:
A) output level of Hall element 3 and the relation of rotor permanent magnet magnetic flux axis direction be Fig. 3 characteristic curve compare Fig. 3 to right translation 45 °, the output level of Hall element 3 is that 4.41V and instantaneous value raise (last instantaneous value is sampled as 4.38V) while crossing 4.41V when the permanent magnet flux axis direction is 0 °, while being 180 °, is that 1.59V and instantaneous value reduce (last instantaneous value is sampled as 1.56V) while crossing 1.59V.
B) a) the changing in built-in software or hardware controls to single-chip microcomputer 6 in the 1st embodiment:
---the program that level to input circuit 62 is detected, differentiates and exports, when the signal detected when the port 68 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is high level (setting rotor 2 starts in the counterclockwise direction and rotate), its output A is 4.41V and becomes 1 while raising while crossing 4.41V when the instantaneous value of this level, when the instantaneous value of this level is 1.59V and becomes 0 during reduction while crossing 1.59V; When the signal detected when the port 68 of single-chip microcomputer 6 is low level (setting rotor 2 starts along clockwise direction and rotate), its output A is 4.41V and becomes 0 while raising while crossing 4.41V when the instantaneous value of this level, when the instantaneous value of this level is 1.59V and becomes 1 during reduction while crossing 1.59V.
The miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor electromagnetism of the present invention the 3rd embodiment basic structure as shown in Figure 7, is 4 atomic type single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motors of a circle.Itself and the 1st, the difference of the 2nd embodiment mainly is:
A) stator 100, the circular iron core 101 with 4 salient poles and winding 102, consist of, and the width of the air gap between each utmost point of iron core and rotor gradual change in the counterclockwise direction narrows, and winding 102 is in series by 4 utmost points by 4 coils that respectively are placed in a salient pole;
B) rotor 200, for radial symmetric magnetizes as 4 utmost point p-m rotors of N, S, N, S;
C) Hall element 300, be installed between two utmost points on stator downside and right side between near the position of rotor 200 circumference.
Roughly the same, just rotating speed reduces half for the control of this motor and embodiment 2, but running is more steady and noise and vibration is less.
The various embodiments described above, when motor operation, all are designed to switch on power when the permanent magnet flux axis rotates the rightabout to the main flux axis.This design comparison is simple and reliable.Yet, because the inductance current of winding lags behind voltage, can suitably shift to an earlier date this turn-on time.This switches on power while referring in advance the permanent magnet flux axis along direction of rotation rotation to the rightabout that approaches the main flux axis.But this be should give to restriction in advance, as long as lag behind the time of voltage this pre-set time no longer than winding current.Can determine winding current lag time by the power factor of measuring winding current.Then, the level instantaneous value of relatively differentiating for the output characteristic with Hall element 3 in single-chip microcomputer 6, be revised as the permanent magnet flux axis anglec of rotation by time advance after described current hysteresis (to two pole motors, this angle equals the power-factor angle of the inductance current of winding) the level instantaneous value of correspondence in the output characteristic of Hall element 3, and control with reference to the described way of embodiment 2, can realize that bidirectional thyristor 4 approaches connection AC power half-wave now when contrary at main flux axis and permanent magnet flux axis direction.This design can have higher efficiency, has further alleviated the pulsation that starts and turn round, and improves the average torque that starts and turn round.But, for the purpose of reliable, pre-set time is preferably shorter a little, stays suitable allowance.
For example, if the power-factor angle of the inductance current of test winding is 45 °, the permanent magnet flux axis anglec of rotation shifted to an earlier date can be set as approximately 30 °; If setting rotor 2 rotates in the counterclockwise direction:
For embodiment 1 motor, a) can being revised as of built-in software or hardware controls to aforementioned single-chip microcomputer 6:
---the program that level to input circuit 62 is detected, differentiates and exports, its output A is 4.73V and becomes 1 when raising (last instantaneous value is sampled as 4.70V) when the instantaneous value of this level, when the instantaneous value of this level is 1.27V and becomes 0 during in reduction (last instantaneous value is sampled as 1.30V);
For embodiment 2 motor, a) can being revised as of built-in software or hardware controls to aforementioned single-chip microcomputer 6:
---the program that level to input circuit 62 is detected, differentiates and exports, its output A is 2.00V and becomes 1 when raising (last instantaneous value is sampled as 1.97V) when the instantaneous value of this level, when the instantaneous value of this level is 4.00V and becomes 0 during in reduction (last instantaneous value is sampled as 4.03V).
At motor operation with while starting, connect corresponding AC power half-wave after also can designing the rightabout that surmounts a little the main flux axis at the permanent magnet flux axis along direction of rotation, but the utilization of supply voltage reduces, effect is relatively slightly poorer.
In addition, also can use electromagnetic type or photoelectric position sensor, can be referring to " motor engineering handbook ".
Claims (4)
1. a miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor comprises:
---stator and the p-m rotor of same number of poles;
---switch, AC power is powered to stator through this switch;
---control circuit, the break-make of control switch;
It is characterized in that:
A) winding of described stator is in accordance with regulations around to being access to AC power;
B) between described stator and rotor, the width of air gap narrows in each extremely lower circumferencial direction along setting, thereby under free state, and it is reference that the axis of each utmost point of rotor be take the axis of hithermost stator one utmost point, along the circumferencial direction deflection one acute angle angle of setting;
C) described control circuit comprises that one is installed on described rotor circumference desired location with the polarity that detects at any time described rotor and the linear magnetic position sensor of position, and take this desired location as reference with by the output of this transducer, determine that each utmost point of rotor passes through the direction of the permanent magnet flux axis of air gap;
D) described control circuit detects the polarity that external ac power source is supplied with the voltage of stator at any time, determine that it will produce at each utmost point of stator the direction of the main flux axis that pass through air gap, and according to the direction of rotation that described rotor is set to AC power one by one half-wave controlled:
---when motor start-up, if the direction of rotation that described rotor is set is identical with described circumferencial direction, described switch when the rightabout of described main flux axis and permanent magnet flux axes intersect are described acute angle angle, connection AC power half-wave now; If the direction of rotation that described rotor is set is contrary with described circumferencial direction, described switch when the direction of described main flux axis and permanent magnet flux axes intersect are described acute angle angle, connection AC power half-wave now;
---when motor operation, described switch is fully contrary or approach when contrary connection AC power half-wave now at described main flux axis and permanent magnet flux axis direction.
2. according to the described miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor of claim 1, it is characterized in that: when motor operation, described switch in the rotation of described permanent magnet flux axis to before the main flux axis direction is fully contrary, connect AC power half-wave now, the time shifted to an earlier date is shorter than the time of winding current lagging voltage.
3. according to claim 1 or the described miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor of claim 2, it is characterized in that:
---the iron core of described stator is the U-iron core, and yoke section penetrates winding, and upper shed is configured as two utmost points that insert for rotor, and described p-m rotor is also two utmost points;
---described switch is bidirectional thyristor; Be access to AC power after bidirectional thyristor main electrode and described windings in series;
---the circumferencial direction of described setting is counterclockwise, between left side one utmost point of described iron core two utmost points and rotor, the width of air gap narrows from top to bottom, between right side one utmost point and rotor, the width of air gap narrows from bottom to top, therefore under free state, it is reference that rotor permanent magnet magnetic flux axis be take the horizontal axis of stator core two utmost points, in the counterclockwise direction deflection one acute angle angle;
---described transducer is Hall element, is installed on the position of the horizontal axis of described stator core two utmost points near rotor circumference;
---winding around to and connect and to make the half-wave of described voltage for just with Hall element, being output as maximum level or approaching maximum level, when perhaps the half-wave of described voltage is output as minimum level or approaches minimum level for negative and Hall element, when the direction of rotation that when to reach the direction of rotation of setting at motor start-up and described rotor be counterclockwise, the rightabout of described main flux axis and permanent magnet flux axes intersect are described acute angle angle or the setting of described rotor is clockwise, direction and the permanent magnet flux axes intersect of described main flux axis are described acute angle angle, perhaps when motor operation, described main flux axis is contrary with the permanent magnet flux axis direction or approaching contrary,
---described control circuit comprises together or gate logic is controlled, this with or one of gate logic input for supply with the polarity of the voltage of described winding corresponding to the AC power of main flux axis direction, and be 0 while being 1 negative half-wave during positive half wave; Two of input is the output level corresponding to the Hall element of permanent magnet flux axis direction, and maximum level or be 1 and minimum level or be 0 while approaching minimum level while approaching maximum level;
---described with or the door be output as at 1 o'clock, described control circuit is to the trigger electrode output voltage pulse of described bidirectional thyristor, pulse duration does not exceed the moment that described polarity of voltage is changed again.
4. according to claim 1 or the described miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor of claim 2, it is characterized in that:
---the iron core of described stator is the U-iron core, and yoke section penetrates winding, and upper shed is configured as two utmost points that insert for rotor, and described p-m rotor is also two utmost points;
---described switch is bidirectional thyristor; Be access to AC power after the main electrode of bidirectional thyristor and described windings in series;
---the circumferencial direction of described setting is counterclockwise, between left side one utmost point of described iron core two utmost points and rotor, the width of air gap narrows from top to bottom, between right side one utmost point and rotor, the width of air gap narrows from bottom to top, therefore under free state, it is reference that rotor permanent magnet magnetic flux axis be take the horizontal axis of stator core two utmost points, in the counterclockwise direction deflection one acute angle angle;
---described transducer is Hall element, is installed on the position of described core center line top near rotor circumference;
---winding around to and connect make described voltage half-wave for just arriving or approach high with the instantaneous value of Hall element output level, low level median and when raising, the instantaneous value that perhaps half-wave of described voltage is negative and Hall element output level arrives or approaches high, low level median and when reducing, when the direction of rotation that when to reach the direction of rotation of setting at motor start-up and described rotor be counterclockwise, the rightabout of described main flux axis and permanent magnet flux axes intersect are described acute angle angle or the setting of described rotor is clockwise, direction and the permanent magnet flux axes intersect of described main flux axis are described acute angle angle, perhaps when motor operation, described main flux axis is contrary with the permanent magnet flux axis direction or approaching contrary,
---described control circuit comprises together or gate logic is controlled, this with or one of gate logic input for supply with the polarity of the voltage of described winding corresponding to the AC power of main flux axis direction, and be 0 while being 1 negative half-wave during positive half wave; Two of input is instantaneous value and the change direction thereof corresponding to the Hall element output level of permanent magnet flux axis direction, and arrives or approach the median of high and low level and be 1 during in rising when the instantaneous value of this level, during reduction, is 0;
---described with or the door be output as at 1 o'clock, described control circuit is to the trigger electrode output voltage pulse of described bidirectional thyristor, pulse duration does not exceed the moment that described polarity of voltage is changed again.
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