CN106151077B - A kind of small-power reversible ventilation fan - Google Patents
A kind of small-power reversible ventilation fan Download PDFInfo
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- CN106151077B CN106151077B CN201610643943.5A CN201610643943A CN106151077B CN 106151077 B CN106151077 B CN 106151077B CN 201610643943 A CN201610643943 A CN 201610643943A CN 106151077 B CN106151077 B CN 106151077B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/08—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/08—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation
- F04D25/12—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation the unit being adapted for mounting in apertures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of small-power reversible ventilation fan, within axial-flow type injection molding impeller diameter 250mm, the air gap between motor stator and p-m rotor is narrowed in each pole lower edge setting circumferencial direction, and stator winding is access to AC power and controls through switch is：Motor is turned to by ventilation direction, connecting switch makes each polarity at least one half-wave voltage of power supply apply winding by the regulation angle of flow and detects each half-wave current, each half-wave current present apparent size point after, if motor turn to setting circumferencial direction it is identical, pair with generation smaller current the identical half-wave of polarity of voltage to provide that phase shifting angle is connected；If opposite, pair with generate larger current the identical half-wave of polarity of voltage to provide that phase shifting angle is connected, voltage of winding current when being zero is measured up to after specified value, voltage of all mains half-waves when supply voltage, winding current are zero and its time rate of change three polarity is mutually simultaneously turned on；The conducting enters synchronous operation after reaching stipulated number.Realize ventilation fan two-way operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of small-power reversible ventilation fans, and in International Patent Classification (IPC), classification can belong to F04D27/
00。
Background technology
Ventilation fan use has a large capacity and a wide range, long operational time, and there is an urgent need for manufacture low cost and energy saving in running.Most of ventilation fans are logical
It is often not necessarily to speed governing, the prior art, which was inquired into, uses permasyn morot driving instead, can apparent energy-saving material-saving.But it is traditional forever
Magnetic-synchro motor, using labyrinth, then manufacturing cost is higher, and using easy structure, then direction of rotation is uncertain, thus fails
For small-power reversible ventilation fan.Small-power reversible ventilation fan still generally uses Asynchronous Motor Driving at present, to reach
It is bi-direction controlled.Standard GB/T/T 14806-2003《Household exchanges ventilation fan and governor with similar applications》It gives double
It is required to the technology of formula ventilation fan.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to：A kind of small-power reversible ventilation fan is proposed, by permanent magnet synchronous electric
Motivation drives, and it is relatively low to can reach bi-direction controlled but relatively simple for structure and cost.
The technical solution that the present invention solves technical problem is a kind of small-power reversible ventilation fan, including motor and its drive
Dynamic impeller, it is characterised in that：Impeller is axial-flow type and injection molding, and diameter is not more than 250mm；The motor includes：
--- the stator and p-m rotor of same number of poles；Between the stator and p-m rotor the width of air gap in it is each extremely under
Circumferencial direction along setting narrows, thus in a free state, each polar axis line of p-m rotor is with the axis of one pole of hithermost stator
Line is reference, and the circumferencial direction along setting deflects a sharp angle；
--- switch；The winding of the stator has regulation around to being access to AC power through the switch；
--- control circuit；Including detection circuit and plug-in, which contains drives institute by the signal detected
Switch is stated to control the starting control step that the AC power inputs the electric current of the winding；The step includes：
A) it receives the main of ventilation fan operative orientation and enables signal, and determine the direction of rotation of motor according to the signal；
B) switch is connected, makes at least opposite polarity each 1 half-wave voltage of the AC power by the regulation angle of flow
It is applied to the winding, each half-wave voltage interval one is enough the time for making the p-m rotor stop, therefore detection exists
Each electric current that the winding generates；
C) the numerical value of each electric current present apparent size point after, if the rotation side of the motor of the determination
To it is identical as the circumferencial direction of the setting when, to then arriving and generating the identical power supply of the polarity of voltage of smaller current half
Wave is to provide that phase shifting angle is connected, and half-wave is sequentially reduced phase shifting angle one by one；If direction of rotation and the institute of the motor of the determination
State setting circumferencial direction it is opposite when, to then arriving and generating the identical mains half-wave of the polarity of voltage of larger current to advise
Determine phase shifting angle conducting, and half-wave is sequentially reduced phase shifting angle one by one；
D) voltage when winding current is zero is measured, after the voltage reaches specified value, to polar power supplys all thereafter
The polarity of voltage of the half-wave when the polarity of the supply voltage, winding current are zero and the change rate of the current versus time
It is connected immediately at the time of polarity is identical；Add up the conducting and reach stipulated number, motor enters synchronous operation control.
Starting to the motor, it is described that can design the opposite direction in main flux axis with permanent magnet flux axis to intersect
AC power half-wave at this time is connected when sharp angle, p-m rotor magnetic pole is revolved with its hithermost magnetic pole of the stator along setting
Turn direction repulsion, thus motor is made to be started by the direction of rotation of setting, ventilation fan is made to work by corresponding air-flow conveying direction.
If being changed to connect the AC power half-wave of opposite polarity at this time, the direction of main flux axis adjust it is anti-, directly with permanent-magnet magnetic axis
Line intersection is the sharp angle, and p-m rotor magnetic pole is to be changed to be set direction of rotation with its hithermost magnetic pole of the stator edge
Opposite direction attracts, thus motor is made to be started by the opposite direction of the direction of rotation of setting, makes ventilation fan by opposite air-flow
Conveying direction works.To the above situation, the technical program be based on ferromagnetic saturation principle, dexterously find and using permanent magnet flux with
Make motor inductance decline reduce this down to electric current increase and then electric current on the contrary iron circuit increasing magnetic when main flux direction is identical to show
As the preparation state for operation of being pulled in the judgement of this current difference, adjustment motor reaches the bi-direction controlled orientation of ventilation fan
It starts.
The technical program is controlled without using having sensor control method and being detected without sensor counter electromotive force for the prior art
Preparation method reduces the complexity of starting control program and is wanted to the fast-response energy of component and the electromagnetic compatibility of circuit arrangement
Ask, thus cost reduction and properties of product it is more stable.It especially can more make full use of drive of the stator field to permanent magnetism p-m rotor
It kinetic moment and avoids the moment of resistance, meets the requirement of the controllable bidirectional rotation to the motor.
Above-mentioned technical proposal it is further design one of be：When the ventilation fan works by discharge directions, the determination
The direction of rotation of motor is identical as the circumferencial direction of the setting；When the ventilation fan works by airintake direction, the determination
Motor direction of rotation it is opposite with the circumferencial direction of the setting.Theoretical and experiment shows the direction of rotation of the motor
Staring torque when identical as the circumferencial direction of the setting is big when opposite compared with direction, is more suitable for ventilation fan and works by exhaust condition
Load larger situation.
The further design of above-mentioned technical proposal second is that, each voltage is required to include in the step b) items：
--- before each voltage applies, p-m rotor is still located at the sharply angled position；
--- the energy of each voltage applied as low as makes p-m rotor leave the sharply angled position in defined angle
Within；
--- the waveform of each voltage applied is identical.
This is designed with to keep the influence to iron circuit saturation down to current difference, and can have faster response, more
Implement directional starting control well.
Technical solutions and effects of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with attached drawing in a specific embodiment.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the main Visual figures of the basic mechanical structure of ventilation fan of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is ventilation fan motor electromagnetism basic structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is ventilation fan electromotor control circuit schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
1st kind of starting situation signal waveform schematic diagram of motor when Fig. 4 is ventilation fan exhaust work of the embodiment of the present invention；
2nd kind of starting situation signal waveform schematic diagram of motor when Fig. 5 is ventilation fan exhaust work of the embodiment of the present invention；
1st kind of starting situation signal waveform schematic diagram of motor when Fig. 6 is ventilation fan air inlet of embodiment of the present invention work；
2nd kind of starting situation signal waveform schematic diagram of motor when Fig. 7 is ventilation fan air inlet of embodiment of the present invention work.
Specific implementation mode
The basic mechanical structure of ventilation fan of the embodiment of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, be (can in traditional household reversible ventilation fan
Referring to Guangdong Science Press June the 1st edition in 1985《Household ventilation fan and its application》) on the basis of improve, it is main to wrap
It includes：
--- be fixed on the motor 2 of casing, by pull rope 31 manipulate double loop three-position type conversion hysteria pullswitch 3 and
Its circuit board 32 connected；
--- it is directly connected in the aial flow impeller 1 that the motor output shaft rotates counterclockwise, there are 4 blades；It presses
Wind pressure requirement, the number of blade may be 3,5 or 6, but had better not be more than 8, and odd number piece as far as possible, be made an uproar with reducing vibration
Sound.Impeller is injection molding, diameter 100mm.Impeller maximum does not exceed diameter 250mm, and rotary inertia is small as possible, to coordinate electricity
The still less big staring torque of motivation 2；
--- motor 2 is interior steromotor, including stator 100 and p-m rotor 200.
The motor electromagnetism basic structure is as shown in Figure 2.It can be seen that：
--- p-m rotor 200 is that its section is divided into 4 symmetrical 900 with two orthogonal symmetry axis 400
Fan-shaped and each radial magnetizing is the 4 pole permanent magnetism p-m rotors of N, S, N, S；
--- stator 100 by with 4 salient poles circular iron core 101 and winding 12 form；Winding 12 is each in 4 salient poles
Around a coil part with Insulating frame, then by around to being connected in series with as 4 poles, and thus when being powered generate wearing for 4 poles
The main flux of air gap between more fixed p-m rotor；
--- gradual change narrows the width of air gap in the counterclockwise direction between 101 each salient pole of stator core and p-m rotor 200；Cause
This in the case that free state, that is, no power and without outer gas stream and rotational structure it is good, p-m rotor 200 is by stator iron
Wicking is drawn, the geometrical axis of each pole be pass through determine p-m rotor between air gap permanent magnet flux axis 700,800 respectively with adjacent
The geometrical axis of stator salient poles be pass through determine p-m rotor between air gap main flux axis 500,600 be reference, along counterclockwise
Direction deflects a smaller acute angle Ω.It is 5 ° (10 ° of electrical angles) that the present embodiment, which designs the mechanical angle,.The angle can be narrowed with gradual change
Ratio and change, and influence detent torque and efficiency.The design can avoid p-m rotor in a free state and stay in its axis
Line overlaps with the axis of stator salient poles and makes so-called " dead point " position that detent torque is zero when energization, is formed by reluctance torque
Also helping prevents the p-m rotor in operating from not generating torque when alternating current zero passage and stalling；
Ventilation fan of embodiment of the present invention electromotor control circuit is as shown in figure 3, mainly by being fixed on the drawing of ventilation fan bottom end
Wiretap 3 and its circuit board 32 connected form, which is equipped with：
--- bidirectional thyristor 4, main electrode is connected with winding 12 to be followed by toward ac power supply terminal 5；
--- microcontroller 6, output circuit 63 (do not show through conventional photoelectric coupling circuit or transformer isolation circuit in figure
Go out) it is access to the trigger electrode 41 of bidirectional thyristor 4, if output pulse triggers thyristor 4 and is connected, AC power half-wave at this time
Voltage starts to be applied to input winding 12 until the half-wave zero passage terminates, with the voltage synchronous and the pulse current lagged
Input winding 12；
--- the shaping circuit being made of resistance 7 and diode 8,9 and 5V DC power supplies VDD, input are access to exchange
Power supply terminal 5 exports B in the polarity of voltage positive half-wave of ac power supply terminal 5 to be 0 when 1 negative half-wave, and exports B by 1
I.e. AC supply voltage zero crossing at the time of becoming 0 or become 1 from 0.Output B is access to the input circuit 61, Xiang Qi of microcontroller 6
AC power crossover point signal is provided；
--- winding 12 connects publicly through resistance 13, which is sample resistance of the detection by the electric current of winding 12；Around
The converted circuit of group 12 and the tie point of resistance 13 621 is access to the input circuit 62 of microcontroller, for checking the electricity in resistance 13
Pressure drop simultaneously determines electric current by winding 12 with this.Conversion circuit 621 may be designed as isolation clamp circuit --- sampling transformer
Primary connection is tested alternating voltage, and secondary superposition one inputs monolithic after the constant DC voltage higher than tested alternating voltage peak
Machine can determine the instantaneous value of alternating voltage through A/D conversions.Certainly, the chip containing above-mentioned function also can be selected and replaces microcontroller 6
With conversion circuit 621.In addition it is also possible to which current transformer substitution resistance 13 and sampling transformer obtain the electric current by winding 12
Sampling, the power consumption of detection circuit can be reduced；
--- winding 12 and the connecting pin of 4 main electrode of thyristor are access to monolithic through conventional bleeder circuit (not shown)
The voltage when input circuit 64 of machine for 12 electric current of detection winding is zero；
--- the common of pullswitch 3 is access to the input circuit 65 of microcontroller, and one of fixed contact is access to 5V direct currents
Source VDD, it is another to connect publicly so that input circuit 65 connects VDD and is in high level, connects publicly and is in low level.
The motor is also referred to as single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, can refer to 2007 Qingdao university Lin Jiang degrees of heap of stone
Paper《Single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor emi analysis》.Related routine techniques can refer to《Motor engineering handbook》Etc. technologies hand
Volume and textbook.Pertinent regulations value can usually be obtained by experiment statistics.
6 plug-in of microcontroller checks the level of input circuit 61,62,64 and 65 essentially according to setting procedure, through measuring,
Compare, differentiate, the pulse of triggering thyristor 4 is exported by output circuit 63.
Motor of the embodiment of the present invention is predetermined clockwise, turns to each two kinds counterclockwise start each signal waveform of situation such as Fig. 4,
Shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7：
--- 51 be the voltage waveform of ac power supply terminal 5；
--- 52 export the waveform of B for shaping circuit；
--- 534~537 be the waveform for the voltage that corresponding starting situation AC power is applied to winding 12 and electric current is zero
When winding 12 voltage waveform；
--- 54f~i is the waveform of the electric current of winding 12；
--- 554~557 voltage pulse waveforms exported to the trigger electrode 41 of thyristor 4 for 6 output circuit 63 of microcontroller.
Period when the embodiment ac power frequency is 50Hz is 20ms.
6 plug-in of microcontroller includes performing the following steps：
Delay electrical angle t1=5/6 π are played from the 1st positive zero crossing (voltage is become just, similarly hereinafter by negative) of AC supply voltage,
41 output voltage pulse k1 of trigger electrode from the output circuit 63 of microcontroller 6 to thyristor 4, thyristor 4 be connected, make AC power just
Polarity half-wave voltage v1 is applied to winding 12 with the electrical angle t2=1/6 π angles of flow and generates the 1st electric current i1, and detects its maximum value
(instantaneous value of its average value, virtual value or other regulation moment can certainly be detected, similarly hereinafter).
Then, (voltage by just becoming negative, similarly hereinafter from the 1st of AC supply voltage negative zero crossing；Depending on the stabilization of p-m rotor
State can be delayed further, a negative zero crossing as being the 2nd or the 3rd ..., to ensure to apply voltage pulse eve, forever such as Fig. 2
It is that reference deflects in the counterclockwise direction that the axis 700 of 200 magnetic flux of magnet rotor, which is still generally in the horizontal axis 500 of two pole of stator,
About 10 ° of position, similarly hereinafter) delay 5/6 π of electrical angle is played, the output circuit 63 of microcontroller 6 is exported to the trigger electrode 41 of thyristor 4
Voltage pulse k2, thyristor 4 are connected, and AC power negative polarity half-wave voltage v2 is made to apply with the electrical angle t2=1/6 π angles of flow
The 2nd electric current i2 is generated in winding 12, and detects its maximum value.
Then, 6 plug-in of microcontroller compares the maximum value of electric current i1, i2, each by following scheduled two kinds of direction of rotation
Two kinds of situations are controlled：
(1) predetermined ventilation fan works by exhaust condition, and stear drawing line switch 3 makes input circuit 65 connect VDD and be in height
Level, i.e. motor are predetermined by steering counterclockwise.Its 1st kind starts situation such as Fig. 4, and polarity orientation is residing for p-m rotor 200
It is the acute angle that the opposite direction for the main flux axis that positive polarity AC power half-wave generates intersects with permanent magnet flux axis, and i1 is bright
Aobvious to be less than i2, the output circuit 63 of microcontroller 6 is immediately：
--- since the 2nd positive zero crossing of AC power, delay 3/4 π of electrical angle is exported to the trigger electrode 41 of thyristor 4
Voltage pulse k3 makes thyristor 4 be connected, and AC power is made to be applied to winding 12 with 1/4 π defect sinusoidal half-wave voltages v3 of the angle of flow
Electric current i3 is generated, then,
--- since the 3rd positive zero crossing of AC power, delay 5/9 π of electrical angle is exported to the trigger electrode 41 of thyristor 4
Voltage pulse k4 makes thyristor 4 be connected, and AC power is made to be applied to winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v4 of 4/9 π of the angle of flow
12, electric current i4 more increased than i3 is generated, then,
--- since the 4th positive zero crossing of AC power, delay 1/4 π of electrical angle is exported to the trigger electrode 41 of thyristor 4
Voltage pulse k5 makes thyristor 4 be connected, and AC power is made to be applied to winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v5 of 3/4 π of the angle of flow
12, generate electric current i5 more increased than i4.
As it can be seen that AC power is applied to the angle of flow of winding 12 and electric current half-wave increase one by one, field drives permanent magnetism turn
Sub 200 accelerating torques, the input circuit 64 of microcontroller detect voltage e3~e5 of the winding 12 when electric current is zero also one by one half
Wave increases, until electric current i5 when reverting to zero, detects that e5 is more than specified value in the value of point G, the output circuit 63 of microcontroller 6 to
Voltage pulse k6~k8 that the trigger electrode 41 of thyristor 4 exports is changed to send out at the time of meeting the following conditions：
--- the polarity of the voltage when polarity of supply voltage, winding current are zero and the change rate of the current versus time
Polarity is identical.
For the sake of reliable, usually can also increase following two conditions or its one of：
--- the voltage when electric current of winding 12 is zero is in prescribed limit；
--- the moment is in stipulated time section.
The visible each half-wave voltage v6~v8 for being applied to winding 12 and the electric current of electric current i6~i8 and winding 12 are in Fig. 4
The waveform of voltage e6~e8 when zero, at this time the rotating speed of p-m rotor 200 generally continue to rise.
The accumulative conducting for meeting above-mentioned condition reaches stipulated number, the triggering of the output circuit 63 of microcontroller 6 to thyristor 4
The voltage pulse kt that pole 41 exports is changed to send out by the control condition of synchronous operation, and with synchronous complete or defect half-sinusoid
Voltage vt is applied to winding 12, generates synchronous operation electric current it.The control condition also typically includes：The polarity of supply voltage, around
The polarity of voltage when group electric current is zero is identical with the polarity of the change rate of the current versus time, can also add to obtain best effective
Rate or the closed loop feedback control for adapting to power-supply fluctuation include the angle of flow of adjustment thyristor 4 so that electricity when winding current is zero
It is located at the control at the midpoint in the time zone that winding current is zero at the time of pressure is zero as far as possible.
It is simplified compared to reality based on map sheet shown in Fig. 4, such as：
--- initial size of current has more only replaced 1 time, practical for the sake of reliable, can again replace mostly several times, but
Starting the time will extend；
--- thereafter, applies increased single polarity current one by one and there was only 3, the practical electric current number is usually relatively more, right
It is especially needed when p-m rotor and larger load rotating inertia；
--- it is last, add up qualified conducting only 3 times and enter synchronous operation control, actual frequency also will it is more very
It is more, it should not generally be less than 20 times, preferably up to about 30 times, enter synchronous operation to ensure to stablize.
(2) (1) described motor is predetermined by steering counterclockwise, the 2nd kind of starting situation such as Fig. 5, p-m rotor as before
Polarity orientation residing for 200 is the opposite direction and permanent magnet flux axis phase for the main flux axis that negative polarity AC power half-wave generates
It is the acute angle to hand over, and i2 is significantly less than i1, and the output circuit 63 of microcontroller 6 is immediately：
--- since the 2nd negative zero crossing of AC power, delay 3/4 π of electrical angle is exported to the trigger electrode 41 of thyristor 4
Voltage pulse k3 makes thyristor 4 be connected, and AC power is made to be applied to winding 12 with 1/4 π defect sinusoidal half-wave voltages v3 of the angle of flow
Electric current i3 is generated, then,
--- since the 3rd negative zero crossing of AC power, delay 5/9 π of electrical angle is exported to the trigger electrode 41 of thyristor 4
Voltage pulse k4 makes thyristor 4 be connected, and AC power is made to be applied to winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v4 of 4/9 π of the angle of flow
12, electric current i4 more increased than i3 is generated, then,
--- since the 4th negative zero crossing of AC power, delay 1/4 π of electrical angle is exported to the trigger electrode 41 of thyristor 4
Voltage pulse k5 makes thyristor 4 be connected, and AC power is made to be applied to winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v5 of 3/4 π of the angle of flow
12, generate electric current i5 more increased than i4.
It is also seen that AC power is applied to the angle of flow and the electric current half-wave increase one by one of winding 12, field drives are forever
200 accelerating torque of magnet rotor, the input circuit 64 of microcontroller detect voltage of the winding 12 when electric current is zero also half-wave one by one
Increase, when electric current i5 reverts to zero, detects that the voltage of winding 12 is more than specified value, the output electricity of microcontroller 6 in the value of point G
At the time of voltage pulse k6~k8 that road 63 is exported to the trigger electrode 41 of thyristor 4 is changed to before meeting condition described in (1)
Send out, thereafter the case where it is basic as before described in (1).
(3) predetermined ventilation fan works by air-suction state, and stear drawing line switch 3 makes the connection of input circuit 65 publicly be in
Low level, i.e. motor are predetermined by steering clockwise.Its 1st kind starting situation such as Fig. 6, polarity orientation residing for p-m rotor 200
To intersect with permanent magnet flux axis be the acute angle, i1 to the opposite direction of the main flux axis generated for positive polarity AC power half-wave
Significantly greater than i2, the output circuit 63 of microcontroller 6 is immediately：
--- since the 2nd positive zero crossing of AC power, delay 3/4 π of electrical angle is exported to the trigger electrode 41 of thyristor 4
Voltage pulse k3 makes thyristor 4 be connected, and AC power is made to be applied to winding 12 with 1/4 π defect sinusoidal half-wave voltages v3 of the angle of flow
Electric current i3 is generated, then,
--- since the 3rd positive zero crossing of AC power, delay 5/9 π of electrical angle is exported to the trigger electrode 41 of thyristor 4
Voltage pulse k4 makes thyristor 4 be connected, and AC power is made to be applied to winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v4 of 4/9 π of the angle of flow
12, electric current i4 more increased than i3 is generated, then,
--- since the 4th positive zero crossing of AC power, delay 1/4 π of electrical angle is exported to the trigger electrode 41 of thyristor 4
Voltage pulse k5 makes thyristor 4 be connected, and AC power is made to be applied to winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v5 of 3/4 π of the angle of flow
12, generate electric current i5 more increased than i4.
It is also seen that AC power is applied to the angle of flow and the electric current half-wave increase one by one of winding 12, field drives are forever
200 accelerating torque of magnet rotor, the input circuit 64 of microcontroller detect voltage of the winding 12 when electric current is zero also half-wave one by one
Increase, when electric current i5 reverts to zero, detects that the voltage of winding 12 is more than specified value, the output electricity of microcontroller 6 in the value of G points
At the time of voltage pulse k6~k8 that road 63 is exported to the trigger electrode 41 of thyristor 4 is changed to before meeting condition described in (1)
It sends out.Thereafter the case where, is before as described in (1).
(4) (3) described motor is predetermined by steering clockwise, the 2nd kind of starting situation such as Fig. 7, p-m rotor as before
Polarity orientation residing for 200 is the opposite direction and permanent magnet flux axis phase for the main flux axis that negative polarity AC power half-wave generates
It is the acute angle to hand over, and i2 is significantly greater than i1, and the output circuit 63 of microcontroller 6 is immediately：
--- since the 2nd negative zero crossing of AC power, delay 3/4 π of electrical angle is exported to the trigger electrode 41 of thyristor 4
Voltage pulse k3 makes thyristor 4 be connected, and AC power is made to be applied to winding 12 with 1/4 π defect sinusoidal half-wave voltages v3 of the angle of flow
Electric current i3 is generated, then,
--- since the 3rd negative zero crossing of AC power, delay 5/9 π of electrical angle is exported to the trigger electrode 41 of thyristor 4
Voltage pulse k4 makes thyristor 4 be connected, and AC power is made to be applied to winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v4 of 4/9 π of the angle of flow
12, electric current i4 more increased than i3 is generated, then,
--- since the 4th negative zero crossing of AC power, delay 1/4 π of electrical angle is exported to the trigger electrode 41 of thyristor 4
Voltage pulse k5 makes thyristor 4 be connected, and AC power is made to be applied to winding with the defect sinusoidal half-wave voltage v5 of 3/4 π of the angle of flow
12, generate electric current i5 more increased than i4.
It is also seen that AC power is applied to the angle of flow and the electric current half-wave increase one by one of winding 12, field drives are forever
200 accelerating torque of magnet rotor, the input circuit 64 of microcontroller detect voltage of the winding 12 when electric current is zero also half-wave one by one
Increase, when electric current i5 reverts to zero, detects that the voltage of winding 12 is more than specified value, the output electricity of microcontroller 6 in the value of G points
At the time of voltage pulse k6~k8 that road 63 is exported to the trigger electrode 41 of thyristor 4 is changed to before meeting condition described in (1)
It sends out.Thereafter the case where, is substantially as before described in (1).
It is more than 30% that described above " apparent ", which refers to difference, described " close " to refer to difference within 10%.
The embodiment can have following design modification：
--- the pulse that initial size of current compares application can be multiple positive pulses before this, followed by multiple negative arteries and veins
Punching；It is anti-that the positive and negative sequence is adjustable, and also visual specific motor is increased and decreased pulse number by Germicidal efficacy.The angle of flow of pulse
Visual specific motor is increased and decreased by Germicidal efficacy, and big electric current and the difference of small electric current is preferably made to be no less than 30%.It is right
In the less big motor of shaft power, the rarely seen p-m rotor of motor of the angle of flow half-wave zero load energization of 1/6 π of electrical angle is slightly
Shake.As long as experiment shows that the angle that the energy of the pulse makes p-m rotor leave the sharply angled position is not more than 1/6 π, no
The control of motor can be made a significant impact.Also, preferably make to be all that difference that is big or being all small each electric current is not more than
10%；
--- the detection to electric current can also be average value, virtual value or other phases in the same time instantaneous in addition to maximum value
Value；
--- the comparison to each electric current, except directly relatively in addition to, can also specified value compare；
--- the main of selection ventilation fan working air current direction enables signal that can also be changed to the electronic switch manipulated by remote controler
It sends out；
--- ventilation fan motor is 4 poles, and control mechanism is also applied for such motor of 2 poles or other numbers of poles.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of small-power reversible ventilation fan, including motor and its impeller of driving, it is characterised in that：Impeller is axial-flow type
And injection molding, diameter are not more than 250mm；The motor includes：
--- the stator and p-m rotor of same number of poles；The width of air gap is set in each pole lower edge between the stator and p-m rotor
Fixed circumferencial direction narrows, thus in a free state, each polar axis line of p-m rotor is with the axis of one pole of hithermost stator
Reference, the circumferencial direction along setting deflect a sharp angle；
--- switch；The winding of the stator has regulation around to being access to AC power through the switch；
--- control circuit；Including detection circuit and plug-in, which contains is opened as described in the signal driving detected
It closes to control the starting control step that the AC power inputs the electric current of the winding；The step includes：
A) it receives the main of ventilation fan airflow direction and enables signal, and determine the direction of rotation of motor according to the signal；
B) switch is connected, makes in each half-wave of the AC power at least opposite polarity each 1 half-wave voltage by regulation
The angle of flow is applied to the winding, and each 1 half-wave voltage interval one is enough the time for making the p-m rotor stop, detection
Therefore each electric current generated in the winding；
C) the numerical value of each electric current present apparent size point after, if the direction of rotation of the motor of the determination with
When the circumferencial direction of the setting is identical, to then arrive with generate the identical mains half-wave of the polarity of voltage of smaller current with
Provide phase shifting angle conducting, and half-wave is sequentially reduced phase shifting angle one by one；If the direction of rotation of the motor of the determination is set with described
When fixed circumferencial direction is opposite, to the mains half-wave identical with the polarity of voltage of larger current is generated that then arrives to provide to move
Phase angle is connected, and half-wave is sequentially reduced phase shifting angle one by one；
D) voltage when winding current is zero is measured, after the voltage reaches specified value, to polar mains half-waves all thereafter
The polarity of the polarity of voltage when the polarity of the supply voltage, winding current are zero and the change rate of the current versus time
It is connected immediately at the time of identical；Add up the conducting and reach stipulated number, motor enters synchronous operation control.
2. according to small-power reversible ventilation fan described in claim 1, which is characterized in that it is characterized in that, the ventilation fan gas
When stream is discharge directions, the direction of rotation of the motor of the determination is identical as the circumferencial direction of the setting；The ventilation fan
When air-flow is airintake direction, the direction of rotation of the motor of the determination is opposite with the circumferencial direction of the setting.
3. according to small-power reversible ventilation fan described in claim 1 or claim 2, which is characterized in that the step b) items
In each voltage is required to include：
--- before each voltage applies, p-m rotor is still located at the sharply angled position；
--- the energy of each voltage applied as low as makes p-m rotor leave the sharply angled position within defined angle；
--- the waveform of each voltage applied is identical.
4. according to small-power reversible ventilation fan described in claim 1 or claim 2, which is characterized in that the stipulated number
No less than 20 times.
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| CN106151077B true CN106151077B (en) | 2018-10-16 |
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| US5598071A (en) * | 1994-07-11 | 1997-01-28 | Seagate Technology | Method for starting and commutating a permanent-magnet direct current motor having a single phase winding |
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| CN106151077A (en) | 2016-11-23 |
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Effective date of registration: 20180830 Address after: 529200 Binjiang Road, Pengjiang Road, Jiangmen, Guangdong 1 Applicant after: JiangMen JinLing Fan Manufactorying Co., Ltd. Address before: 529020, 4 of the East dike garden, Pengjiang Road, Pengjiang, Jiangmen, 102 Applicant before: Ye Luwei |
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