CN106870414A - Small-sized ventilator driven by single-phase motor - Google Patents
Small-sized ventilator driven by single-phase motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN106870414A CN106870414A CN201710097792.2A CN201710097792A CN106870414A CN 106870414 A CN106870414 A CN 106870414A CN 201710097792 A CN201710097792 A CN 201710097792A CN 106870414 A CN106870414 A CN 106870414A
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003079 width control Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000272470 Circus Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009790 rate-determining step (RDS) Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
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- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001416181 Axis axis Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/08—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
- F04D25/0606—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/004—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids by varying driving speed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
- H02P25/04—Single phase motors, e.g. capacitor motors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/06—Arrangements for speed regulation of a single motor wherein the motor speed is measured and compared with a given physical value so as to adjust the motor speed
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/10—Arrangements for controlling torque ripple, e.g. providing reduced torque ripple
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/20—Arrangements for starting
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
Abstract
A small ventilator driven by a single-phase motor comprises an impeller with preset rotation direction, wherein the width of an air gap between a motor stator and a permanent magnet rotor is narrowed at the lower part of each pole along the preset rotation direction; the diameter of the impeller is within 100mm when the stator is 2 poles or within 150mm when the stator is 4 poles; the stator winding is connected to a single-phase power supply through an alternating current end of the single-phase bridge rectifier circuit, and a fully-controlled power electronic device is directly or serially connected with a current detection circuit and is connected across the direct current end of the fully-controlled power electronic device; the built-in program of the controller makes the power electronic device turn on the power supply half-wave when the motor is started and the opposite direction of the main flux axis intersects with the permanent magnetic flux axis at a specified acute angle, turn on the power supply half-wave in a pulse control mode when the motor runs and the main flux axis is completely or nearly opposite to the permanent magnetic flux axis, and turn off the power supply half-wave when the two axes are completely or nearly the same. The design enables the ventilator to be started and operated at a speed regulation mode by a single-phase power supply, air supply quantity is not required to be adjusted by an air door, and high energy efficiency is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the small ventilator that a kind of single-phase motor drives, more particularly to its machinery, electromagnetic structure and control
The cooperation of method processed；In International Patent Classification (IPC), classification belongs to F04D 25/08.
Background technology
Small ventilator quite needs manufacture low cost and energy saving in running using extensive, long operational time.It is logical for conventional small
With the relatively low situation of Asynchronous Motor Driving efficiency, prior art is proposed to change and driven by permasyn morot blower fan.But it is synchronous
Motor is difficult to can be with both economical means speed governing as asynchronous motor, and it is fixed with the ventilation blower that synchronous rotational speed drives
Output characteristics can only be adjusted to meet use requirement by air door etc. in a device, the regulation must cause fluid energy losses and
Reduce energy efficiency of equipment.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are, propose a kind of small ventilator driven by single-phase motor, can be with
Efficiency higher is used for equipment, but cost is relatively low.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the technical problem is that the small ventilator that a kind of single-phase motor drives is wrapped
Include：
--- by the impeller that preset rotating direction rotates；
--- the motor of the direct drive impeller, its stator winding is by regulation around to through controlling circuit to be access to single-phase electricity
The width of air gap is narrowed in each pole lower edge regulation direction of rotation between source, with stator poles identical p-m rotor and stator, because
And in a free state, the axis of each pole of rotor with the axis of the pole of hithermost stator one as reference, it is inclined along the direction of rotation
Turn a sharp angle；
It is characterized in that：The number of poles of the stator is 2 poles, and impeller diameter is not more than 100mm；Or the number of poles of stator is 4
Pole, impeller diameter is not more than 150mm；The control circuit includes：
A) single phase bridge type rectifier circu, the winding is terminated toward the single phase poaer supply through the exchange of the rectification circuit, and one is complete
Control type power electronic device is directly or one current detection circuit of series connection bridges the DC terminal of the rectification circuit；
B) circuit is detected, detects that the polarization state and the single phase poaer supply of the rotor supply the voltage pole of the winding
Property, pass through gas to determine that each pole of rotor is passed through the permanent magnet flux axis direction and the single phase poaer supply of air gap and produced in each pole of stator
The main flux axis direction of gap；
C) controller containing plug-in, its output is access to the control end of the all-controlling power electronics device, described interior
Put program and drive the all-controlling power electronics device containing the signal arrived by detection electric circuit inspection, half-wave control is described single-phase one by one
The rate-determining steps of winding described in power input；The step includes：
--- in motor starting, rightabout and permanent-magnet magnetic of the power electronic devices in the main flux axis
Axis line intersects the mains half-wave opened during for the sharp angle now, and continues to the half-wave to be cut off to when zero；
--- in motor operation, the power electronic devices is in the main flux axis and permanent magnet flux axis direction
It is completely opposite or close to it is opposite when, mains half-wave now is opened with pulse control mode, and in p-m rotor therefore turn to
Two axis direction it is identical or close to it is identical when, completely cut through mains half-wave now.
Experiment shows that the ingenious control is economical and practical, makes the ventilation function of the structure with the same of single phase poaer supply directional starting
Shi Shixian speed governing is operated, thus without controlling air quantity by air door etc. in a device, reduces energy loss.
The modular design of the control circuit includes：
--- the rectifier bridge (4) being made up of 4 diodes, one exchanges end and is access to single phase poaer supply through winding (102) series connection
One pole (L), another exchange termination connects rectifier bridge (4) directly toward another pole of single phase poaer supply (N), the colelctor electrode of transistor (44)
Stream anode, the direct current negative terminal of emitter stage series connection the 1st resistance (45) connection rectifier bridge (4)；
--- single-chip microcomputer (6), the direct current negative terminal of its holding altogether (VSS) connection rectifier bridge (4), output circuit (63) is access to crystalline substance
The control pole (41) of body triode (44)；
--- a pole (L) of the single phase poaer supply is through the 2nd resistance (7) series connection the 1st voltage-regulator diode (8) connection holding altogether
(VSS), the 2nd resistance (7) is access to the 1st input circuit (61) of single-chip microcomputer (6) with the series connection point (B) of the 1st voltage-regulator diode (8),
AC power synchronous signal is provided.
The design borrows the arm halfwave rectifier of rectifier bridge one to provide power synchronization signal to single-chip microcomputer, saves rectification circuit.
Further the power end (VDD) of design single-chip microcomputer (6) is access to the series connection point (B), single-chip microcomputer through diode (9)
(6) capacitor (10) is bridged between power end (VDD) and holding altogether (VSS).It is same with AC power that single-chip microcomputer obtains dc source
Step signal shares mu balanced circuit, more saves.
One of further design of the technical scheme is：In motor operation, the power electronic devices it is described forever
Magnetic magnetic flux axis rotate to main flux axis direction completely it is opposite before, open mains half-wave now, the time for shifting to an earlier date
It is shorter than the time of winding current lagging voltage.This is designed with the time opened every time beneficial to increase, thus improves the effect of motor
Rate.
The two of the further design of the technical scheme are：The Pulse Width Control constitutes closed loop feedback control with motor speed
System, required tach signal takes from the detection of polarization state of the detection circuit to the rotor.The design makes step-out but controlled
Rotating speed can preferably be stable at different load and speed ratios, especially compared with heavy duty and the situation of larger speed ratio.
The three of the further design of the technical scheme are：The polarization state of rotor is to use described in the detection electric circuit inspection
Near the magnetic position sensor that the rotor pole surface is installed, with the rotary state of the reliable detection rotor.
The four of the further design of the technical scheme are：The p-m rotor towards the face of cylinder of air gap be good conductor metal
Layer, to mitigate noise caused by Pulse Width Control.
Technical scheme and effect will be further described with reference to accompanying drawing in a specific embodiment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the main Visual schematic diagrames of the basic mechanical structure of various embodiments of the present invention ventilation blower.
Fig. 2 is the 1st embodiment blower motor electromagnetism basic structure schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 3 is various embodiments of the present invention blower motor control circuit diagram.
Fig. 4 is the 1st embodiment blower motor Hall element output characteristics schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the mode control signal waveform diagram of various embodiments of the present invention blower motor the 1st.
Fig. 6 is the mode control signal waveform diagram of various embodiments of the present invention blower motor the 2nd.
Fig. 7 is the 2nd embodiment blower motor electromagnetism basic structure schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 8 is the 2nd embodiment blower motor Hall element output characteristics schematic diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The basic mechanical structure of various embodiments of the present invention ventilation blower as shown in figure 1, including：
--- the aial flow impeller 1 for rotating counterclockwise；
--- it is fixed on the motor 2 of casing；
--- impeller 1 is connected to the output shaft of motor 2, and it has 4 blades；By performance requirement, the number of blade can also
It is 3,5 or 6, but 8 had better not be more than.Impeller is injection moulding, diameter 120mm.Impeller should not be bigger, and rotary inertia is preferably most
Amount is small, with the starting torque for coordinating motor 2 still less big；
--- motor 2 is inner rotor motor, including stator 100 and p-m rotor 200.
The motor electromagnetism basic structure of 1st embodiment ventilation blower of the invention as shown in Fig. 2 including：
--- rotor 200, is that its section is divided into 4 sectors of symmetrical 90 ° with two orthogonal symmetry axis 400
And each radial magnetizing is the 4 pole p-m rotors of N, S, N, S；
--- stator 100 is constituted by with 4 circular iron cores of salient pole 101 and winding 102；Winding 102 is in 4 salient poles
Each coil part around with Insulating frame, then by around being 4 poles to being connected in series, and thus produce 4 poles when being powered
Pass through the main flux of air gap between rotor；
--- gradual change is narrowed the width of air gap in the counterclockwise direction between each salient pole of stator core 101 and rotor 200；Therefore exist
Free state be no power and without external fluid and rotational structure it is good in the case of, rotor 200 is attracted by stator core, respectively
The geometrical axis of pole is the permanent magnet flux axis 700,800 for passing through air gap between rotor respectively with the geometry of adjacent stators salient pole
Axis is that to pass through the main flux axis 500,600 of air gap between rotor be reference, one is deflected in the counterclockwise direction less sharp
Angle Ω.The present embodiment designs the mechanical angle for 5 ° (10 ° of electrical angle).Change the ratio that the angle can be narrowed with gradual change, and shadow
Dynamic torque of sounding and efficiency.The design can avoid rotor in a free state from staying in its axis being overlapped with the axis of stator salient poles
And starting torque is zero so-called " dead point " position when making energization, the reluctance torque for being formed also helps turning in preventing from operating
Son does not produce torque and stalls when alternating current zero passage；
--- linear Hall element 300, it is installed on the axis 500 of the right side salient pole of stator core 100 near rotor 200
The position of circumference.
Various embodiments of the present invention blower motor controls circuit such as Fig. 3, is made the print for being fixed on motor non-shaft stretching end
Printed circuit board, the printed circuit board (PCB) is also equipped with addition to Hall element 300 is connected：
--- the rectifier bridge 4 being made up of 4 diodes, one exchanges end and is access to single phase poaer supply terminal 5 through the series connection of winding 102
One pole L, another exchange is terminated toward another pole N of single phase poaer supply terminal 5；The colelctor electrode of transistor 44 connects the straight of rectifier bridge 4
Stream anode, emitter stage series resistance 45 connects the direct current negative terminal of rectifier bridge 4；
--- single-chip microcomputer 6, the direct current negative terminal of its holding altogether VSS connections rectifier bridge (4), output circuit 63 is access to the pole of crystal three
The control pole of pipe 44；
--- the diode half-wave of the rectified bridge 4 of voltage of two pole L, N from single phase poaer supply terminal 5 such as figure bottom right arm is whole
Stream and the circuit shaping constituted through 7 series voltage stabilizing diode of resistance 8, the output B of the circuit are access to the input circuit of single-chip microcomputer 6
61.Output B is 0 when bearing half-wave for 1 when the polarity of voltage of single phase poaer supply terminal 5 is for positive half-wave；
--- the series connection point B connects the power end VDD of single-chip microcomputer 6 through diode 9, between the tie point and holding altogether VSS
Bridging filter condenser 10, the dc source of 5V burning voltages is provided to single-chip microcomputer 6；
--- the emitter stage of transistor 44 is access to the input circuit 64 of single-chip microcomputer 6 with the tie point of resistance 45, thereon
Above earth potential be directly proportional to the electric current of motor.The input can be used for closed-loop control and carry out motor overcurrent or/and pump
No-load protection；
--- speed governing sets terminal K, is access to the input circuit 65 of single-chip microcomputer 6.
The output of Hall element 300 is access to the input circuit 62 of single-chip microcomputer 6.The output characteristics of Hall element 300 be it is linear,
The thus output level of Hall element 300 and to pass through the relation of the permanent magnet flux axis electrical angle of air gap between rotor be sine
Wave property.The characteristic as shown in figure 4, as each pole axis line 700,800 of Fig. 2 rotors 200 respectively with each salient pole axis 500,600 of stator
During coincidence, if just to the N poles of the salient pole on the right side of the place stator of Hall element 300, permanent magnet flux axis electrical angle is 0 °, suddenly
The output level of your element 300 is highest --- 5V；If S poles, permanent magnet flux axis electrical angle is 180 °, Hall element
300 output level is minimum --- 1V.Additionally, in a free state, each pole permanent magnet flux axis of rotor 200 is with adjacent stators
The axis of salient pole is with reference to about 10 ° of electrical angle is deflected in the counterclockwise direction, when rotor 200 towards the place stator of Hall element 300
The salient pole on right side be N poles when, the output level of Hall element 300 is 4.97V；Then it is 1.03V when being S poles.The characteristic is stored
In single-chip microcomputer 6.
According to right-hand rule being designed as around the connection to and its toward single phase poaer supply terminal 5 to winding 102:Single-phase electricity
The voltage half-wave of source terminal 5 is timing, passes through the direction of the main flux axis of air gap between rotor by Fig. 2：It is pointed to level
Axis 500 on left and right two salient poles be along axis 500 point to rotor 200, be pointed to upper and lower on vertical axis 600
Two salient poles are along dorsad rotor 200 of axis 600；It is then opposite when half-wave is to bear.
Therefore, in motor starting, the voltage half-wave of single phase poaer supply terminal 5 is just to be output as with Hall element 300
4.97V, or half-wave is that the reverse of main flux axis direction (is pointed to level when bearing to be output as 1.03V with Hall element 300
Axis 500 on left and right two salient poles be, along dorsad rotor 200 of axis 500, to be pointed to upper and lower on vertical axis 600
Two salient poles are to point to rotor 200 along axis 600) intersect with permanent magnet flux axis direction for about 10 ° of electrical angle；In motor fortune
When turning, the voltage half-wave of single phase poaer supply terminal 5 is negative and Hall element to be just output as 5V, or half-wave with Hall element 300
300 when being output as 1V, and the reverse and permanent magnet flux axis direction of main flux axis direction intersects for 0 ° or close to 0 °.It is so-called " to connect
Closely " although referring to not for 0 °, in the deviation allowed.The control comes across motor operation, the rotation based on impeller and rotor
Transfer from one department to another the machinery inertial of system by the ingenious influence for mitigating inevitable control deviation.
The built-in software of single-chip microcomputer 6 or hardware controls also include：
A) level to input circuit 62 is compared with the output characteristics of stored Hall element 300, differentiates and defeated
The program for going out, its output A is changed into 1 when the level is 4.97V and motor starting or when reaching 5V and motor operation, when
When the level is 1.03V and motor starting or reaches 1V and motor operation and be constantly changed into 0；
B) it is the output L of the same OR gate logic control being input into and the logical relation of A, B with above-mentioned output A and output B both,
Such as following table；
| Electric power polarity | The output level of Hall 300 | A B | L | The reverse and permanent magnet flux angle of main flux |
| Positive half-wave | It is 4.97V during motor starting, or is 5V during operating | 1 1 | 1 | It is 10 ° during starting, or is 0 ° during operating |
| Positive half-wave | It is 1.03V during motor starting, or is 1V during operating | 1 0 | 0 | ———————— |
| Negative half-wave | It is 4.97V during motor starting, or is 5V during operating | 0 1 | 0 | ———————— |
| Negative half-wave | It is 1.03V during motor starting, or is 1V during operating | 0 0 | 1 | It is 10 ° during starting, or is 0 ° during operating |
C) when above-mentioned L is 1, the voltage pulse output of control pole 41 from the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6 to transistor 44.
The pulse voltage terminated before corresponding electric power polarity half-wave terminates, and was steady state value in motor starting, was frequency during operating
The adjustable impulse train of rate fixed pulse width and its conduction ratio are adjustable by the built-in software of single-chip microcomputer 6 or hardware.
Transistor 44 is open-minded by its form after control pole 41 obtains above-mentioned pulse voltage, makes single phase poaer supply terminal 5
Powered to winding 102, rotor 200 thus starts or continues to rotate.Because the pulse voltage of the acquisition of control pole 41 is in corresponding power supply
Polarity half-wave terminates before terminating, and transistor 44 is completely switched off when this time half-wave is opened to the half-wave zero passage, then tight
Then next half-wave is controlled by testing result again：Meet the condition, i.e. L for 1 when, it is open-minded again, otherwise completely
Cut-off.
When motor is 1 operating by above-mentioned impulse train conduction ratio, the waveform of each signal is as shown in Figure 5：51 is single phase poaer supply
The waveform of terminal 5,52 is the waveform that shaping circuit exports B, and 31 is the waveform of the output level of Hall element 300, and 32 is monolithic
The built-in software of machine 6 or hardware compare the output level of Hall element 300 with the output characteristics of Hall element 300 of the storage
The waveform of output A afterwards, 64 voltage pulses exported to the control pole 41 of transistor 44 for the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6
Waveform, 74 is to put on the voltage waveform of winding 102.Now nominal load runs on synchronous rotational speed to pump, averagely turns during underloading
Speed can be higher than synchronous rotational speed.
When motor is 2/3 operating by above-mentioned impulse train conduction ratio, the waveform of each signal is as shown in Figure 6：51st, 52 and Fig. 5
In meaning it is identical.31 ' is the waveform of the output level of Hall element 300, it is seen that now motor speed is about reduced to open-minded
Than for 1 when 1 half；32 ' for the built-in software of single-chip microcomputer 6 or hardware to 31 ' output level and the storage Hall element
300 output characteristics relatively after output A waveform；64 ' for single-chip microcomputer 6 control pole from output circuit 63 to transistor 44
The waveform of the voltage pulse of 41 outputs, it is seen that open than the square-wave pulse group for 2/3；74 ' is the voltage wave for putting on winding 102
Shape, it is seen that open than be 2/3 and envelope be incomplete sine wave and less regular impulse train, it puts on winding 102
Voltage effective value be less than rated voltage, the rotating speed of rotor 200 thus reduce, ventilation fan delivery and pressure is accordingly reduced and nothing
Need to be adjusted by air door etc. in a device, reach high energy efficiency.The reduction of speed can also be used for improving ventilation blower underloading (such as in outside forward
Wind is operated) when mean speed can be higher than synchronous rotational speed so that the excessive problem of noise.
With above-mentioned identical, opposite to the logical relative main flux axis direction of permanent magnetism or close to the detection side of identical opposite location
Method, is compared to level and the output characteristics of stored Hall element 300 of input circuit 62 and can obtain rotor 200 and own
The electrical angle of rotation position, plug-in obtains the instantaneous of rotor 200 and turns with these electrical angle increments divided by corresponding incremental time
Speed or mean speed, the conduction ratio of the impulse train is controlled with the speed feedback：When rotating speed is higher than built-in or speed governing setting terminal K
During the setting value of input, conduction ratio is reduced；Otherwise then increase, thus make stabilization of speed.Therefore, change speed governing setting terminal K's
Input is adjustable speed, and the input is analog or digital amount, in plug-in respective design.
The 2nd embodiment blower motor electromagnetism basic structure (mark in Fig. 7 described below as shown in Figure 7 of the invention
Remember unrequited person, the meaning with the same labels of Fig. 2 is identical), it is essentially consisted in the difference of the 1st embodiment：
A) Hall element 300 be changed to be installed on that stator core is right, on the axis of symmetry between upper two salient poles near rotor
The position of 200 circumference, the i.e. position equivalent to the 1st embodiment have migrated 45 ° of mechanical angle or electrical angle along rotate counterclockwise
90°；
B) because a), output level and the relation of the permanent magnet flux axis direction of rotor 200 of Hall element 300 are moved counterclockwise
90 ° are moved, as shown in Figure 7.It can be seen that, same coordinate system Fig. 7 characteristic curves are shifted to the right 90 ° compared to Fig. 4, Hall element 300
Output level is 3V (median of high and low level) when permanent magnet flux axis direction is 0 ° and 180 °, but instantaneous at 0 °
(previous instantaneous value is sampled as 2.9V) is raised when value crosses 3V, is then reduced at 180 ° (previous instantaneous value is sampled as 3.1V).
C) because b), a) item in the software built-in to single-chip microcomputer 6 in the 1st embodiment or hardware controls is changed to：
--- level and the output characteristics of stored Hall element 300 of input circuit 62 are compared, differentiate and
The program of output, it exports A and is changed into 1 when the instantaneous value of the level is 3V and crosses 3V risings, and 0 is changed into during reduction.
In fact, Hall element 300 is mountable to for mechanical structure justify near rotor 200 with any more easily angle
The position in week, only need to be with reference to above-mentioned method a), b), c), according to the position relative to installation site before along direction of rotation
Angle that is preceding or being moved back by, and according to the angle the output characteristics of the original stored Hall element 300 of single-chip microcomputer 6 it is corresponding to
It is right or to left, and according to the characteristic after the migration, determine the output level of Hall element 300 in permanent magnet flux axis side
Value and its lifting situation during to respectively 0 ° and 180 °, and using the two-value and its lift comparing, differentiation of the situation as output A
With the foundation of output, the software built-in to single-chip microcomputer 6 or hardware controls are accordingly changed.If for example, the installation position of Hall element 300
Position rotate counterclockwise migration 45 ° of 22.5 ° of mechanical angle or the electrical angle being changed to compared to the 1st embodiment are put, then：
A) output level of Hall element 300 and the relation of the permanent magnet flux axis direction of rotor 200 are characteristic curve such as Fig. 7
Shown, it is compared Fig. 4 and is shifted 45 ° to the right, and the output level of Hall element 300 is when permanent magnet flux axis direction is 0 °
4.41V and (previous instantaneous value is sampled as 4.38V) is raised when instantaneous value crosses 4.41V, be that 1.59V and instantaneous value are got over when being 180 °
(previous instantaneous value is sampled as 1.56V) is reduced when crossing 1.59V.
B) a) item in the software built-in to single-chip microcomputer 6 in the 1st embodiment or hardware controls is changed to：
--- level and the output characteristics of stored Hall element 300 of input circuit 62 are compared, differentiate and
The program of output, it exports when A is raised when the instantaneous value of the level is 4.41V and crosses 4.41V and is changed into 1；When the level
Instantaneous value is 1.59V and is changed into 0 when being reduced when crossing 1.59V.
The various embodiments described above ventilation blower is both designed as being rotated to main flux axle in permanent magnet flux axis in motor operation
Power supply is opened during the rightabout of line.The design comparison is simple and reliable.However, because the inductance current of winding lags behind electricity
Pressure, the service time can suitably shift to an earlier date.This refers in advance permanent magnet flux axis rotates to close to main flux axis along direction of rotation
Rightabout when open power supply.But limitation is should give in advance to this, as long as the pre-set time is delayed no longer than winding current
In the time of voltage.Winding current lag time can be determined by determining the power factor of winding current.Then, monolithic
It is used to compare with the output characteristics of stored Hall element 300 the level instantaneous value of differentiation in machine 6, is revised as by the electric current
The electrical angle (can be calculated divided by number of pole-pairs by current power factor angle) of the permanent magnet flux axis rotation that lag time shifts to an earlier date is in institute
Corresponding level instantaneous value in the output characteristics of the Hall element 300 of storage, and the method control with reference to described in embodiment 2, you can
Realize transistor 44 main flux axis and permanent magnet flux axis direction close to it is opposite when open AC power half now
Ripple.The design can have efficiency higher, further mitigate the pulsation of starting and operating, and improve average turn for starting and operating
Square.But for the sake of reliability, pre-set time is preferably slightly shorter, that is, stay appropriate allowance.
For example, if the power-factor angle of test winding current is 45 °, the permanent magnet flux axis anglec of rotation for shifting to an earlier date can set
It is set to about 30 °, therefore：
For the motor of embodiment 1, the software built-in to foregoing single-chip microcomputer 6 or a) item of hardware controls may be modified such that：
--- level and the output characteristics of stored Hall element 300 of input circuit 62 are compared, differentiate and
The program of output, its output A is when the instantaneous value of the level is for 4.73V and in rising (previous instantaneous value is sampled as 4.70V) time-varying
It is 1, when the instantaneous value of the level is changed into 0 for 1.27V and when (previous instantaneous value is sampled as 1.30V) is reduced.
For the motor of embodiment 2, the software built-in to foregoing single-chip microcomputer 6 or a) item of hardware controls may be modified such that：
--- level and the output characteristics of stored Hall element 300 of input circuit 62 are compared, differentiate and
The program of output, its output A is when the instantaneous value of the level is for 2.00V and in rising (previous instantaneous value is sampled as 1.97V) time-varying
It is 1, when the instantaneous value of the level is changed into 0 for 4.00V and when (previous instantaneous value is sampled as 4.03V) is reduced.
In motor operation, can also be designed in permanent magnet flux axis along rotation side as in motor starting
To opening corresponding AC power half-wave after the rightabout for somewhat surmounting main flux axis, but supply voltage using reducing,
Effect is relatively more slightly worse.
Further, it is also possible to there is following design：
--- Hall element is changed to locking key type or switching mode, and its output level is sent out when p-m rotor magnetic pole line of demarcation is skimmed over
Raw Spline smoothing, thus determine p-m rotor position, based on this plus reasonable time computing, design single-chip microcomputer is built-in
Software or hardware.Electromagnetic type or photoelectric position sensor can also be used instead, reference can be made to《Motor engineering handbook》.
--- the detection circuit can also change by prior art detection winding electric current, voltage, according to magnetic saturation principle or
Counter electromotive force principle is inferred to the polarization state of the rotor.
--- the ferrite cylinder surface cover of rotor 200 is with isometric fine aluminium or fine copper sleeve.Experiment show the sleeve for
Noise is especially effective caused by mitigating Pulse Width Control, can operate ventilation blower speed governing more steady.
--- motor is alternatively 2 pole motors as U-shaped motor, and above-mentioned corresponding mechanical angle is doubled, i.e., with the electricity
Angle is identical.Now the synchronous rotational speed of pump is 2 times of 4 pole motors, and impeller diameter need to accordingly reduce, preferably no more than 70mm.
--- impeller can be designed as turning clockwise in response to housing air outlet direction, only need in design according to retouching before
State and be changed to " clockwise " used term " counterclockwise ".
--- need not such as detect that electric current is accordingly controlled, the emitter stage of transistor can not also series resistance.
--- the appropriate resistance-capacitance circuit in parallel between transistor collector and emitter, or to the electricity in parallel of winding 102
Container, overvoltage during with the open circuit of absorbing crystal triode.
--- transistor is preferably used IGBT, it is also possible to be changed to using turn-off thyristor (GTO).
--- Pulse Width Control can be that the pulse width control of fixed frequency or the pulse frequency of fixed pulse width are controlled or the two
Have concurrently.These controls can utilize pulse generation program intrinsic in single-chip microcomputer, be appropriately arranged with parameter.And monolithic can be set
Machine plug-in, the motor speed reflected with 31 or 31 ' waveforms implements speed governing or/and closed loop speed stabilizing is controlled.
Claims (7)
1. the small ventilator that a kind of single-phase motor drives, including：
--- by the impeller that preset rotating direction rotates；
--- the motor of the direct drive impeller, its stator winding is access to single phase poaer supply by regulation around to through control circuit,
Its rotor be with stator poles identical p-m rotor, between the stator and rotor the width of air gap in described in each pole lower edge revolve
Turn direction to narrow, thus in a free state, the axis of each pole of rotor with the axis of the pole of hithermost stator one as reference, along institute
State direction of rotation and deflect a sharp angle；
It is characterized in that：The number of poles of the stator is 2 poles, and impeller diameter is not more than 100mm；Or the number of poles of stator is 4 poles, leaf
Wheel diameter is not more than 150mm；The control circuit includes：
A) single phase bridge type rectifier circu, the winding is terminated toward the single phase poaer supply, a full-control type through the exchange of the rectification circuit
Power electronic devices is directly or one current detection circuit of series connection bridges the DC terminal of the rectification circuit；
B) circuit is detected, detects that the polarization state and the single phase poaer supply of the rotor supply the polarity of voltage of the winding, with
Determine that each pole of rotor is passed through the permanent magnet flux axis direction and the single phase poaer supply of air gap and produced in each pole of stator and pass through air gap
Main flux axis direction；
C) controller containing plug-in, its output is access to the control end of the power electronic devices, and the plug-in contains to be pressed
The signal that detection electric circuit inspection is arrived drives the power electronic devices, and half-wave controls the single phase poaer supply to be input into the winding one by one
Rate-determining steps；The step includes：
--- in motor starting, rightabout and permanent-magnet magnetic axis of the power electronic devices in the main flux axis
Line intersects the mains half-wave opened during for the sharp angle now, is cut off when the half-wave is to zero；
--- in motor operation, the power electronic devices is complete with permanent magnet flux axis direction in the main flux axis
It is opposite or close to it is opposite when, mains half-wave now is opened with pulse control mode, and p-m rotor thus turn to this two
Axis direction it is identical or close to it is identical when, cut-out mains half-wave now.
2. according to ventilation blower described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the control circuit includes：
--- the rectifier bridge (4) being made up of 4 diodes, one exchanges end and is access to the pole of single phase poaer supply one through winding (102) series connection
(L), toward another pole of single phase poaer supply (N), colelctor electrode connection rectifier bridge (4) direct current of transistor (44) is just for another exchange termination
End, the direct current negative terminal of emitter stage series connection the 1st resistance (45) connection rectifier bridge (4)；
--- single-chip microcomputer (6), the direct current negative terminal of its holding altogether (VSS) connection rectifier bridge (4), output circuit (63) is access to crystal three
The control pole (41) of pole pipe (44)；
--- a pole (L) of the single phase poaer supply connects holding altogether (VSS) through the 2nd resistance (7) the 1st voltage-regulator diode (8) of series connection,
2nd resistance (7) is access to the 1st input circuit (61) of single-chip microcomputer (6) with the series connection point (B) of the 1st voltage-regulator diode (8), there is provided single
Phase power synchronization signal.
3. according to ventilation blower described in claim 2, it is characterised in that the control circuit includes：
The power end (VDD) of single-chip microcomputer (6) is access to the series connection point (B), the power end (VDD) of single-chip microcomputer (6) through diode (9)
Capacitor (10) is bridged between holding altogether (VSS).
4. according to ventilation blower described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that：In motor operation, the power electronics device
Part the permanent magnet flux axis rotate to main flux axis direction completely it is opposite before, open mains half-wave now, institute
Time in advance is shorter than the time of winding current lagging voltage.
5. according to ventilation blower described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that：The Pulse Width Control is constituted with motor speed and closed
Ring feedback control, required tach signal takes from the detection of polarization state of the detection circuit to the rotor.
6. according to ventilation blower described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that the polarity of rotor described in the detection electric circuit inspection
State is to use the magnetic position sensor installed near the rotor pole surface.
7. according to ventilation blower described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that the p-m rotor is towards the face of cylinder of air gap
Good conductor metal level.
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| CN201710097792.2A CN106870414B (en) | 2017-02-23 | 2017-02-23 | A kind of small ventilator of single-phase motor driving |
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| GB2171853A (en) * | 1985-02-19 | 1986-09-03 | Dobson Park Ind | Electric motors and power tools |
| CN202121398U (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2012-01-18 | 东明机电（深圳）有限公司 | Series excitation motor with shunt windings |
| CN102751922A (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2012-10-24 | 江门市地尔汉宇电器股份有限公司 | Miniature permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| CN105071720A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-11-18 | 江门市地尔汉宇电器股份有限公司 | Directional starting control method for single-phase self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor |
| CN105071721A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-11-18 | 叶露微 | Small-power ventilation fan directly driven by micro permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| CN105201885A (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2015-12-30 | 叶露微 | Ventilating fan directly driven by single-phase self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor |
-
2017
- 2017-02-23 CN CN201710097792.2A patent/CN106870414B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2171853A (en) * | 1985-02-19 | 1986-09-03 | Dobson Park Ind | Electric motors and power tools |
| CN102751922A (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2012-10-24 | 江门市地尔汉宇电器股份有限公司 | Miniature permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| CN202121398U (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2012-01-18 | 东明机电（深圳）有限公司 | Series excitation motor with shunt windings |
| CN105071720A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-11-18 | 江门市地尔汉宇电器股份有限公司 | Directional starting control method for single-phase self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor |
| CN105071721A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-11-18 | 叶露微 | Small-power ventilation fan directly driven by micro permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| CN105201885A (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2015-12-30 | 叶露微 | Ventilating fan directly driven by single-phase self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor |
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Effective date of registration: 20181219 Address after: 529200 Binjiang Road, Pengjiang Road, Jiangmen, Guangdong 1 Applicant after: JiangMen JinLing Fan Manufactorying Co., Ltd. Address before: 529020, 4 of the East dike garden, Pengjiang Road, Pengjiang, Jiangmen, 102 Applicant before: Ye Luwei |
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