CN105189277B - 用于车辆的机动操纵装置 - Google Patents

用于车辆的机动操纵装置 Download PDF

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CN105189277B
CN105189277B CN201480015556.6A CN201480015556A CN105189277B CN 105189277 B CN105189277 B CN 105189277B CN 201480015556 A CN201480015556 A CN 201480015556A CN 105189277 B CN105189277 B CN 105189277B
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vehicle
manoeuvre device
motor
manoeuvre
transmission mechanism
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CN105189277A (zh
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M·胡贝尔
K·蓬拉茨
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62MRIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M23/00Transmissions characterised by use of other elements; Other transmissions
    • B62M23/02Transmissions characterised by use of other elements; Other transmissions characterised by the use of two or more dissimilar sources of power, e.g. transmissions for hybrid motorcycles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62MRIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M17/00Transmissions characterised by use of rotary shaft, e.g. cardan shaft
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62MRIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M7/00Motorcycles characterised by position of motor or engine
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62KCYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K2204/00Adaptations for driving cycles by electric motor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gear Transmission (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于单轮辙或多轮辙车辆的机动操纵装置(10),其包括电动机(22)和从动装置(30),该从动装置能与车辆的传动机构联接,使得车辆借助所述电动机(22)至少能够向后运动,其特征在于:电动机(22)通过挠性轴(40)或者万向节轴与从动装置(30)连接。

Description

用于车辆的机动操纵装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于单轮辙或多轮辙车辆的机动操纵装置(Rangiereinrichtung),其包括电动机和从动装置,该从动装置能与车辆的传动机构联接,使得车辆借助所述电动机至少能够向后运动。
背景技术
通常,摩托车具有一台内燃机作为驱动装置,该内燃机与传动机构(变速箱)连接。该传动机构只包括前进挡,因而借助内燃机只能沿着前进方向驱动摩托车。假若摩托车必须向后运动的话,这一点例如在机动操纵时可能成为必要,通常必须通过人力来实现这一点。此时要将摩托车推向后面的方向。在这种情况下,特别是当摩托车具有很大自重或者当摩托车车轮中的至少一个遇到障碍物时,例如路边石、沟等,便会产生困难。行车道的斜坡也可能导致人力不足以产生摩托车的后退运动。
为了规避这个问题,在现有技术中,自重很大的摩托车设置有一传动机构,该传动机构具有倒车挡。由DE 10 2009 043 326B4已知一种车辆倒车设备,其中,借助通常用于起动内燃机的起动马达这样地驱动变速箱,以产生摩托车的倒车运动。由G 83 36 707.1已知一种用于摩托车驱动机构的备选的倒车附加传动机构。然而这样的系统均具有很大的构件数量。另外,这样的系统是不可加装/改型的并且因此局限于应用在特定的摩托车车型。
发明内容
以上述现有技术为出发点,本发明的目的是提出一种简化的机动操纵装置,借其克服现有技术的那些缺点。另外,本发明的目的是提出一种构件数量减少的机动操纵装置,该机动操纵装置的特征在于它可以特别容易地加装在许多不同的摩托车变型上。
为此,本发明提供一种用于单轮辙或多轮辙车辆的机动操纵装置,其包括:
-电动机和
-从动装置,该从动装置能与车辆的传动机构联接,使得车辆借助所述电动机至少能够向后运动,
其特征在于:所述电动机通过挠性轴或者万向节轴与所述从动装置连接。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提出一种用于单轮辙或多轮辙车辆的机动操纵装置,该机动操纵装置包括电动机和从动装置(输出装置),该从动装置能与车辆的传动机构联接,使得车辆借助所述电动机至少能够向后运动。另外,电动机可以通过挠性轴或者万向节轴与从动装置连接。单轮辙车辆在本发明的意义下为摩托车和轻便摩托(Motorroller)。多轮辙车辆在前轴和/或在后轴上具有两个并排平行设置的车轮或滑板,诸如雪橇车(Schneemobil)、三轮车以及全地形车(Quad)。尽管本发明特别是为使用在重型摩托车中而考虑的,它也可以不受限制地应用于较为轻型的摩托车,甚至轻便摩托,它们现今在市场上也可以多种变型形式获得,这些变型形式具有比较高的自重。通过将挠性轴或万向节轴用作在电动机与从动装置之间的连接元件,可以产生在摩托车包装要求(Package-Anforderung)方面很高的易变性。本发明意义下的挠性轴是柔性轴,正如它们在用作车速里程表软轴或者敞篷车篷盖中为众人所知的那样。这种轴具有一个外部的保护套,在该保护套内部,一根线轴(Drahtwelle)可以围绕纵轴线旋转并且由此将旋转运动从轴的第一端部传递到轴的第二端部。
此外,电动机的输出轴可以通过齿轮副与柔性轴连接。这一点提供如下优点:可以直接在包括电动机和柔性轴的第一端部的驱动单元中实现具有变速比或减速比的第一传动级。
另外,所述从动装置可以包括第一传动级和第二传动级,其中,扭矩能够从挠性轴到第一传动级、从第一传动级到第二传动级以及从第二传动级到从动轴传递。因此,从柔性轴的第二端部到车辆传动机构可以实现变速比或减速比。
另外,所述机动操纵装置可以通过执行器与车辆的传动机构联接和/或脱联。这样的执行器是电动机械式的伺服电机或者电磁阀并且能够选择性地法兰连接于从动单元(即所述从动装置)或者与该单元构建成整体式的。
在本发明的第一可选方案中,所述电动机可以是一个独立的电动机,其中,根据该电动机的驱动方向,柔性轴的旋转方向也发生变化,由此摩托车可以实施向前运动或倒车运动。
在本发明的第二可选方案中,所述电动机同时是也用于起动车辆自身的内燃机的起动马达。这一点提供如下优点:已经设在内燃机上的起动器可以用作电动机,从而进一步减少了对于机动操纵装置所使用的构件的数量。通常将直流电动机用作起动马达。由于电气接地端子(接地极)通过摩托车的车身结构构成,所以极性以及起动马达的旋转方向不能改变。然而,根据本发明,起动马达也应该能够在其输出轴的两个旋转方向上旋转。在此情况中,接地端子(接地极)必须构造成独立的并且不允许通过摩托车的车身结构延伸。
作为附加或另选方案,可以设置一种功能锁定,该功能锁定在车辆的传动机构未处于空转运行状态中时防止机动操纵装置与车辆的传动机构联接,而在传动机构处于空转运行状态中时允许机动操纵装置与车辆的传动机构联接。因此可以保证:若在车辆的传动机构上挂入了前进挡的任一个挡,驾驶者就不能激活机动操纵装置。用于锁定机动操纵装置的另一个准则可以是摩托车的速度。假如摩托车以一个超过预先确定之阈值的速度前进,例如6km/h或优选3km/h或特别优选1.6km/h,则通过功能锁定而防止激活机动操纵装置,即使车辆的传动机构处于空转运行状态中。由此可以防止:在传动机构短时地处于空转运行状态的换挡过程中错误地激活机动操纵装置。
此外,设置单独的电动机所带来的优点是:即使在摩托车的内燃机停止工作时也可以运行机动操纵装置。这一点在将起动马达用作机动操纵装置的驱动单元的驱动马达的情况下是不可能的,因为起动马达总是会起动内燃机。
所述功能锁定以机械方式或电动方式作用于执行器上,以便能够实现或者防止与车辆的传动机构的联接。
此外,从动装置能够通过一个作用于第二传动级的从动轮上的离合装置、特别是爪齿离合器或端面啮合机构与车辆的传动机构相连接。
另外,从动装置的第一传动级可以构造为蜗轮级。该蜗轮级提供了在机动操纵装置中特别高的转速跃变或扭矩跃变之优点,同时为此只需要最低限度的结构空间。
按另一方面,本发明涉及单轮辙或多轮辙车辆,特别是摩托车,其包括如上文所述的机动操纵装置。
下面应该简短地概括本发明的优点。
通过使用挠性轴或蜗轮级或者通过它们的组合,可以将机动操纵装置的结构空间需求降低到最小程度并且使该机动操纵装置可以最大程度灵活地构建于许多不同的摩托车车型上。因此也可以作为附件提供并作为单独的单元加装该机动操纵装置。这一点还提高了在制造摩托车时的自由度,因为由此可以提供带有或不带倒车辅助的摩托车。
附图说明
下文将借助附图说明进一步详细地阐述本发明。附图和说明书包含有大量的特征,下文结合本发明的一些示例性说明的实施方式对这些特征加以阐述。本领域技术人员既可将这些特征视为独立存在也可将它们按照其他方式组合,以构成与发明的相应应用匹配的另外一些实施方式,。
在示意图中示出:
图1为机动操纵装置的基本构造,和
图2为机动操纵装置的侧视图。
具体实施方式
下面首先应该借助图1对机动操纵装置10的基本构造加以阐述。如前面已经说明的那样,该机动操纵装置是为摩托车、轻便摩托、三轮车或全地形车而考虑的,也就是说,为基本上单轮辙或多轮辙车辆而考虑的,这些车辆具有一个内燃机。该内燃机通过机械传动机构与驱动轮连接并且可以产生车辆的向前运动。机动操纵装置10包括一个驱动装置20和一个从动装置30。从动装置30构造为,使得它可以固定在车辆的机械传动机构上。驱动单元20也可以选择固定在车辆的传动机构上或其他机组上,例如内燃机上或底架上。
驱动单元20具有一个壳体21,它包含有电动机22。电动机22通过其输出轴与一个齿轮23连接。齿轮23与第二齿轮啮合,该第二齿轮设置在柔性轴40的第一端部上。电动机22、第一齿轮23和第二齿轮24设置在壳体21内,其中,柔性轴40通过一个穿通孔从壳体21中伸出。电动机22由电能驱动并且在其输出轴上产生旋转运动,该旋转运动又通过齿轮23和24使柔性轴40旋转运动。柔性轴40的旋转运动被传递给从动装置30。从动装置30包括一个壳体31,第一传动级和第二传动级设置在该壳体内。第一传动级包括一个蜗轮32和一个正齿轮33。柔性轴的旋转运动由蜗轮32传递到正齿轮33上。旋转通过正齿轮33的共同的轴和第二传动级的第一正齿轮34而传递到第二传动级上并因此传递到第二传动级的第二正齿轮35上。这个第二正齿轮35通过一个离合装置36可以与从动轴37联接。离合装置36可以构造为爪齿离合器或端面啮合机构并且适合于将从动轴37抗扭地(即二者不能相对转动)与第二传动级的第二齿轮35连接。
在图2中示出了机动操纵装置的侧视图,不带有壳体。与图1中相同的附图标记表示相同的构件。从图2中可以看出执行器60,利用该执行器,第二传动级的第二正齿轮35可以与从动轴相啮合。该执行器例如构造为圆柱形磁体。此外,还设置有一个转速传感器50,用于测定机动操纵装置的从动转速(即输出转速)。机动操纵装置通过从动轴37接装在传动机构的一根中间轴上。

Claims (13)

1.用于单轮辙或多轮辙车辆的机动操纵装置(10),其包括:
-电动机(22)和
-从动装置(30),该从动装置能与车辆的传动机构联接,使得车辆借助所述电动机(22)至少能够向后运动,
其特征在于:所述电动机(22)通过挠性轴(40)或者万向节轴与所述从动装置(30)连接。
2.如权利要求1所述的机动操纵装置(10),其特征在于:所述电动机(22)的输出轴通过齿轮副与所述挠性轴(40)连接。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的机动操纵装置(10),其特征在于:所述从动装置(30)包括第一传动级(32,33)和第二传动级(34,35),其中,扭矩能够从所述挠性轴(40)到所述第一传动级(32,33)、从所述第一传动级(32,33)到所述第二传动级(33,34)和从所述第二传动级(33,34)到从动轴(37)传递,所述机动操纵装置通过该从动轴(37)接装在所述车辆的传动机构的一根中间轴上。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的机动操纵装置(10),其特征在于:该机动操纵装置能够通过执行器与车辆的传动机构联接和脱联。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的机动操纵装置(10),其特征在于:所述电动机(22)是用于起动车辆自身的内燃机的起动马达。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的机动操纵装置(10),其特征在于:设置有一种功能锁定,该功能锁定在车辆的传动机构未处于空转运行状态中时防止所述机动操纵装置(10)与车辆的传动机构联接,而在传动机构处于空转运行状态中时允许所述机动操纵装置与车辆的传动机构联接。
7.如权利要求4所述的机动操纵装置(10),其特征在于:设置有一种功能锁定,该功能锁定在车辆的传动机构未处于空转运行状态中时防止所述机动操纵装置(10)与车辆的传动机构联接,而在传动机构处于空转运行状态中时允许所述机动操纵装置与车辆的传动机构联接。
8.如权利要求7所述的机动操纵装置(10),其特征在于:所述功能锁定以机械方式或电动方式作用于执行器上。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的机动操纵装置(10),其特征在于:所述从动装置(30)能够通过离合装置(36)与车辆的传动机构相连接。
10.如权利要求3所述的机动操纵装置(10),其特征在于:所述从动装置(30)的第一传动级构造为蜗轮级。
11.如权利要求9所述的机动操纵装置(10),其特征在于:所述离合装置是爪齿离合器或端面啮合机构。
12.单轮辙或多轮辙车辆,其包括如权利要求1至11之任一项所述的机动操纵装置(10)。
13.如权利要求12所述的单轮辙或多轮辙车辆,其特征在于:所述单轮辙或多轮辙车辆是摩托车。
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