CN105165745B - The silkworm property of filial generation all-male is than control breeding method - Google Patents
The silkworm property of filial generation all-male is than control breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/04—Silkworms
Abstract
The present invention relates to the silkworm property ratio control breeding method in silkworm Biotechnology in Genetic Breeding field, more particularly to continuous two generations filial generation all-male.This method utilizes a silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line and the lethal system of a Z chromosome chain condition, combined by two line crosses, the female silkworm of F1 generation is all dead, male silkworm all survives, but after the male silkworm of F1 generation hybridizes with other conventional female silkworms, F2 is all dead for female silkworm, and male silkworm all survives, so as to realize two generation all-males.This method reduces silkworm breeding cost, improves the economic benefit of silkworm rearing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the property ratio in silkworm Biotechnology in Genetic Breeding field, more particularly to the continuous two generations filial generation all-male of silkworm
Control method, reduces silkworm breeding cost, improves the economic benefit of silkworm rearing.
Background technology
Silkworm belongs to female special-shaped insect, and female silkworm sex chromosome is ZW, and male silkworm is ZZ, if there is one on its Z chromosome
Recessive lethal mutation gene, then in female individuals, recessive lethal mutation gene plays a role, and makes female individuals dead；And
In male, due to there is two Z chromosomes, if carrying recessive lethal mutation on only one Z chromosome, another Z dyes
It is normal gene on colour solid, then such male is still survived.
For a Silkworm varieties, the Cocoon layer ratio of male silk cocoon and fresh cocoon silk production rate are higher than female silk cocoon, and male mulberry volume taken by the silkworms
Few, conversion rate of silk leaves is high；In addition, male silkworm constitution is strong, it is easier to raise, and male silk fiber number is thin, cleanliness is high, filament length, fits
In putting down high-grade raw silk processed.Therefore, countries in the world scientist has carried out a series of exploration to specially supporting male silkworm technology.Russia in 1975
Ross scientist V.A.Strunnikov etc. is with the technological means such as radioinduction, and induction culturing has succeeded silkworm sex-kink balance
Each one non-equipotential of induction and the lethal gene l of close linkage on lethal system, its two Z chromosomes1And l2.Lethal gene l1Can
To be covered by the normal gene translocated in W chromosomes, and lethal gene l2Fragment on W chromosomes can not be translocated to cover
Lid.Silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line selfing, offspring's male and female respectively have half dead；It is maintained strain.When conventional female silkworm with
The male silkworm hybridization of sex linked balanced lethal line, the female silkworm of offspring is all dead, and male silkworm all survives, so as to reach controlling ratio, specially
Support the target of hero silkworm.Introduce to balance with silkworm sex-kink from Russian Academy Of Sciences and caused in spring in 1996, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science
Dead is S-8, S-14, and has carried out the research realized using balanced sexlinked lethal technology and specially support male silkworm.Ground through tackling key problem in 10 years
Study carefully, create silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line cell control gene and the introduction method (patent No.：ZL01132108.3), it is returned
Improve the method (patent No. of silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line：ZL01126809.3), a kind of crossbreeding and improvement silkworm sex-kink is put down
Method (the patent No. for the lethal system's character that weighs：200810061660.5) three national inventing patents；Establish one it is inexpensive
Male silkworm cenospecies mating system；The practical Silkworm varieties of autumn China × putting down 3, Hua Jing × flat 60 grade silkworm balanced sexlinked lethals have been bred as,
Male silkworm rate is up to 99.8%, and Cocoon layer ratio and silk production rate ratio conventional variety improve 23%, and overall economic efficiency improves 25% or so.
With the parsing of domestic silkworm gene group information, the lethal gene of silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line has been cloned, analysis
Lethal gene l1It is due to the lethal mutation (patent No. caused by Z chromosome fragment deletion：201110457127.2), Z dyeing
0.184Mb of the body terminal deletion including Pdp I (Par domain protein I) gene fragment, and with one about
4.3Mb No. 10 chromosome segments fusion one chromosomal fusion of composition.Pdp1 genes belong to zinc finger class regulative transcription factor,
Biological rhythm regulation and control are participated in, regulating cell nucleic acid is replicated, cell mitogen and embryo and larva grow, by right
Silkworm Pdp1 genes have carried out RNAi researchs, find silkworm Pdp1 genes once being interfered, embryonic development will be caused to stop.
Lethal gene l2It is due to (the patent No. caused by Z chromosome linked gene SLC35B1 recessive lethal mutations：
201110457128.7), SLC35B1 expression product is smaller in balanced lethal system, has lacked 4,5 two extrons, coding
Protein lacked 70 Aa, functional domain is imperfect.SLC35B1 genes belong to glucosides transfer vector (UDP-
Galactose transporter-related protein 1), main function is the dynamic equilibrium for maintaining endocytoplasmic reticulum,
Found by the research to nematode embryonic development, SLC35B1 rises emphatically for the development of embryo especially for the formation of enteron aisle
Act on, the mutation of the gene, cause the development of embryo's intestinal wall to be suppressed, so as to cause embryonic death.By to silkworm
SLC35B1 genes have carried out RNAi researchs, it is found that SLC35B1 is the key gene of silkworm embryos development, once interfered, just
Embryonic death, and phenotype and silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line lethal gene l can be caused2Phenotype it is consistent, thus infer
SLC35B1 is lethal gene l2Candidate gene.
But the practical Silkworm varieties of these excellent silkworm balanced sexlinked lethals, during Initial strain breeding is carried out, male and female are each
There are half death, half survival, and female silkworm cannot be used for production, need not typically raise, although ovum color can be utilized by male and female
Distinguish, but artificial silkworm seed of distinguishing is time-consuming, laborious, adds the cost of silkworm egg reproduction.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is that the male survival rate being directed in existing silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line varieties breeding only has
Half and the artificial hard work for distinguishing male and female, propose a kind of new silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line mating system, pass through two
Positive and negative hybridization between individual sex linked balanced lethal line, the female silkworm of filial generation is all dead, and male worm all survives and respectively with two
Lethal gene, when it is hybridized with normal female adult again, the female silkworm of offspring is all dead, and male worm all survives, so as to realize silkworm
The full purpose for supporting male silkworm when breeding and raising on a large scale.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
The silkworm property of continuous two generations filial generation all-male includes than control breeding method, this method：
1) there are three individual character chromosome linkage recessive lethal gene l1、l2、l3, chain comparison is close between lethal gene, exchange rate
It is low, or l3It is condition recessive lethal gene；
2) 1 maintainer, is Z+l1⌒ W translocation line, wherein containing+l1Gene ,+l1Lethal gene l can be covered1；
3) lethal gene l1、l2With maintainer Z+l1⌒ W translocation line, is configured to sex linked balanced lethal line, wherein female
Silkworm genotype is+l1l1, the genotype of male silkworm is l1l2；
4) with condition recessive lethal gene l3Conditioned lethal system is built, its female silkworm genotype is l3, the genotype of male silkworm is
l3l3；
5) mutually handed between sex linked balanced lethal line and conditioned lethal system, then the female silkworm of F1 generation is all dead, F1 generation hero silkworm
All survivals, and with two lethal genes；When the male silkworm of F1 generation hybridizes with conventional female silkworm, F2 is all dead for female silkworm, F2 generations
Male silkworm all survives, so as to realize the purpose of continuous two generations filial generation all-male.
Silkworm sex linked balanced lethal line of the present invention, its female silkworm genotype is+l1l1, the genotype of male silkworm is l1l2, it is male
Two Z chromosomes of silkworm are respectively with a close linkage lethal mutation gene l1And l2, its female silkworm Z chromosome respectively with one it is lethal
Mutator l1, have Z on W chromosomes+l1Chromosome translocation fragment, can cover lethal mutation gene l1Lethal effect, balance
In lethal system during selfing, offspring's male and female respectively have half dead, and when the male silkworm of balanced lethal system hybridizes with conventional female silkworm, offspring is female
Silkworm is all dead, all survivals (Fig. 1) of male silkworm.(its female silkworm genotype is l to the chain condition recessive lethal system of Z chromosome3, it is male
The genotype of silkworm is l3l3), male and female are all survived under normal conditions, under lethal conditions, and male and female are all dead；When conventional female
(genotype is l to the silkworm male silkworm conditioned lethal with it3l3) hybridization when, offspring under normal conditions all survive by male and female, but lethal
Under the conditions of, female silkworm is all dead, all survivals (Fig. 2) of male silkworm.By the female silkworm of balanced lethal system, (its genotype is+l1l1), with bar
(its genotype is l to the male silkworm of the lethal system of part3l3) the hybridization ,+l under lethal conditions in offspring (F1) female silkworm on W chromosomes1
Transposition can not cover lethal gene l3, it is all dead, and the genotype of male silkworm is l1l3, heterozygous state is belonged to, all survival；
But when these male silkworms (F1) hybridize with conventional female silkworm, offspring (F2) female silkworm is due to l under lethal conditions1、l3Lethal effect,
It is all dead, and male silkworm all survives (Fig. 3) due to there is covering for the normal gene from conventional strain.By conditioned lethal system
Female silkworm (its genotype be l3), (its genotype is l with the male silkworm of balanced lethal system1l2) hybridization, offspring (F1) female silkworm is in cause
Dead gene l1Or l2In the presence of, it is all dead, and the genotype of male silkworm is l1l3Or l2l3, heterozygous state is belonged to, is all deposited
It is living；But when these F1 male silkworm hybridizes with conventional female silkworm, offspring (F2) female silkworm is due to l1、l2Or l3Lethal effect, it is all dead
Die, and male silkworm all survives (Fig. 4) due to there is covering for the normal gene from conventional strain.
It is an advantage of the invention that：When seed station carries out Initial strain breeding, mutually handed over from two balanced lethal systems, or
Balanced lethal system is mutually handed over conditioned lethal system, the female silkworms of F1 of generation are all dead, and male silkworm is all survived, and the survival rate of male silkworm is carried
It is high one times, the hard work for how distinguishing male and female had both been avoided, manpower and materials are saved, breeding cost is reduced, improved again
Yield, with very big economic benefit.
Brief description of the drawings
The property that Fig. 1 is balanced lethal system selfing and its male silkworm of offspring and routinely female silkworm hybridizes is than control principle schematic diagram.
The property that Fig. 2 is conditioned lethal system's selfing and its male silkworm of offspring and routinely female silkworm hybridizes is than control principle schematic diagram；Often
Advise strain ♀ and conditioned lethal ♂ to hybridize, offspring's lethal conditions are raised, female all dead, male all survivals.
Fig. 3 is the female property with the male hybridization of conditioned lethal system and its offspring of balanced lethal system than control principle schematic diagram；Causing
Under the conditions of dead, the female silkworm of F1 generation is all dead, and male silkworm lives entirely, then hybridizes with conventional female silkworm, and F2 is dead for female silkworm, and male silkworm is all deposited
It is living, specially support male silkworm.
Fig. 4 is the conditioned lethal property for being female hero hybridization and its offspring with balanced lethal system than control principle schematic diagram；F1 generation
Female silkworm is all dead, and male silkworm lives entirely, then hybridizes with conventional female silkworm, and F2 is dead for female silkworm, and male silkworm all survives, and specially supports male silkworm.
Fig. 5 is red ant strain selfing, the principle schematic that conventional strain ♀ and red ant strain ♂ hybridizes；Urged under normal condition
Green grass or young crops, offspring's male and female are all red ant, and all survivals, strain is kept, and conventional strain ♀ and red ant strain ♂ hybridizes, and is urged under hot conditions
Green grass or young crops, female silkworm is all dead, and male silkworm all survives；
Fig. 6 is the red ant strain ♂ hybridization of balanced lethal system ♀, the principle schematic then hybridized again with conventional strain ♀；
Under lethal conditions, the female silkworm of F1 generation is all dead, and male silkworm lives entirely, then hybridizes with conventional female silkworm, and F2 is dead for female silkworm, and male silkworm is all deposited
It is living, specially support male silkworm.
The red ant strain ♀ balanced lethal systems ♂ hybridization of Fig. 7, the principle schematic then hybridized again with conventional strain ♀；F1 generation
Female silkworm is all dead, and male silkworm lives entirely, then hybridizes with conventional female silkworm, and F2 is dead for female silkworm, and male silkworm all survives, and specially supports male silkworm.
Embodiment
The present invention mainly uses the property of sex linked balanced lethal line to connect than two different silkworm property of control principle seed selection
Balanced lethal system (or one balanced lethal system of seed selection, a conditioned lethal system) is locked, it is different using maintainer between two strains, from
And the characteristics of mutual lethal gene can not be covered, by hybridization, make the female silkworm of offspring all dead, and male silkworm all survives, but
The lethal gene of heterozygosis is all carried again, and when it hybridizes with conventional female silkworm, the female silkworm of offspring is all dead, and male silkworm all survives,
So as to realize the purpose that male silkworm is all specially supported in silkworm egg reproduction and extensive feeding process.
Three individual character chromosome linkage lethal genes and the source of maintainer and feature are as follows：
Lethal gene l1, from sex linked balanced lethal line S-8, belong to recessive mutation lethal gene, in silkworm embryos hair
The body pigmentation stage educated is dead, near silkworm Z chromosome os marks.
Lethal gene l2, from sex linked balanced lethal line S-8, belong to recessive mutation lethal gene, in silkworm embryos hair
The head pigmentation stage educated is dead, with lethal gene l1It is chain close.
Maintainer 1, transposition has a normal+l on sex linked balanced lethal line S-8, its W chromosome1Gene, energy
Enough cover lethal gene l1Lethal mutation.
Balanced lethal system, by maintainer 1 and lethal gene l1With lethal gene l2Build a balanced lethal system.
Conditional lethal gene l3, from red ant strain, belong to conditioned lethal recessive mutation gene sch, under normal operation
Hasten the hatching of silkworms, not lethal, the newly-hatched silkworm normal incubation of sch individuals is bronzing, hastened the hatching of silkworms under the high temperature conditions, the silkworm embryos phase is dead.《Silkworm
Industry science》2003；29(2),《The influence of temperature and humidity ant sch system lethals red to sex-linkage》Report is disclosed.
Comprise the following steps that
1) existing silkworm sex chromosome balanced lethal system S-8 is utilized, wherein comprising two sex chromosome (Z chromosome) even
The lethal gene l of lock1And l2, one can cover lethal gene l1Z-W+l1Translocation line.During the strain selfing, offspring's male and female are each
There is half dead, when its male silkworm hybridizes with conventional female silkworm, the female silkworm of offspring is all dead, all survivals (Fig. 1) of male silkworm, and we claim
The strain is balanced lethal system.
2) it is that it contains the chain conditional lethal mutation sch of a Z chromosome using red ant.Its self progeny is in high temperature
When hastening the hatching of silkworms, male silkworm is all dead, and female silkworm all survives, female when offspring uses high temperature incubation when its male silkworm hybridizes with conventional female silkworm
Silkworm will be all dead, all survivals (Fig. 5) of male silkworm, thus the feature with the conditioned lethal system of sex-kink, and we term it condition
Lethal system.
3) when it is conditioned lethal be it is female hero hybridizes with balanced lethal system when, offspring (F1) can not cover lethal gene due to female silkworm
l1And l2, almost all is dead, and the genotype of male silkworm is sch l1Or schl2, heterozygous state is belonged to, all survival；But work as
When these male silkworms (F1) hybridize with conventional female silkworm, offspring (F2) under hot conditions using hastening the hatching of silkworms, due to sch or l1(l2) it is lethal
Effect, female silkworm almost all is dead, and male silkworm is due to having covering for the normal gene from success strain, whole survival (figures
6)。
4) when the female male hybridization with conditioned lethal system of balanced lethal system, offspring (F1) uses to hasten the hatching of silkworms under hot conditions, due to
Z-W in female silkworm+l1Transposition can not cover conditional lethal mutant sch, all dead, and the genotype of male silkworm is sch l1
Or schl2, heterozygous state is belonged to, all survival, but when these male silkworms (F1) hybridize with conventional female silkworm, offspring (F2) uses
Hastened the hatching of silkworms under hot conditions, due to sch or l1(l2) lethal effect, female silkworm is all dead, and male silkworm is due to coming from successfully strain
Normal gene cover, all survivals (Fig. 7).
When it is conditioned lethal be it is female hero hybridizes with balanced lethal system when, F1 generation female-male proportion is 3:1000, the female silkworm of survival is
Due to lethal gene l1With l2Caused by generation is exchanged.When the female male hybridization with conditioned lethal system of balanced lethal system, F1 generation is all male
Silkworm.No matter balanced lethal system with it is conditioned lethal be orthogonal or reciprocal cross, F2 for female-male proportion be 6.5:94.5, the female silkworm of survival be by
In lethal gene l1Or l2Caused by being exchanged with sch, the purpose for specially supporting male silkworm is basically reached.
Claims (2)
1. the silkworm property of continuous two generations filial generation all-male is than control breeding method, it is characterised in that this method includes：
1) there are three individual character chromosome linkage recessive lethal genesl 1、l 2、l 3, chain comparison is close between lethal gene, and exchange rate is low, l 3It is condition recessive lethal genesch；
2) 1 maintainer, is Z+l1⌒ W translocation line, wherein containing+l 1Gene ,+l 1Lethal gene can be coveredl 1；
3) lethal genel 1、l 2With maintainer Z+l1⌒ W translocation line, is configured to sex linked balanced lethal line, wherein female silkworm base
Because type for+l 1 l 1, the genotype of male silkworm isl 1 l 2；
4）With condition recessive lethal genel 3Conditioned lethal system is built, its female silkworm genotype isl 3, the genotype of male silkworm isl 3 l 3；
5）Mutually handed between sex linked balanced lethal line and conditioned lethal system, then the female silkworm of F1 generation is all dead, F1 generation hero silkworm is whole
Survival, and with two lethal genes；When the male silkworm of F1 generation hybridizes with conventional female silkworm, F2 is all dead for female silkworm, F2 generations male silkworm
All survivals, so as to realize the purpose of continuous two generations filial generation all-male.
2. the silkworm property of filial generation all-male is than control breeding method, it is characterised in that this method includes：
1) there are three individual character chromosome linkage recessive lethal genesl 1、l 2、l 3, chain comparison is close between lethal gene, and exchange rate is low, l 3It is condition recessive lethal genesch；
2) 1 maintainer, is Z+l1⌒ W translocation line, wherein containing+l 1Gene ,+l 1Lethal gene can be coveredl 1；
3) lethal genel 1、l 2With maintainer Z+l1⌒ W translocation line, is configured to sex linked balanced lethal line, wherein female silkworm base
Because type for+l 1 l 1, the genotype of male silkworm isl 1 l 2；
4）With condition recessive lethal genel 3Conditioned lethal system is built, its female silkworm genotype isl 3, the genotype of male silkworm isl 3 l 3；
5）Mutually handed between sex linked balanced lethal line and conditioned lethal system, then the female silkworm of F1 generation is all dead, F1 generation hero silkworm is whole
Survival, and with two lethal genes.
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| JP2005046033A (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-02-24 | Japan Science & Technology Agency | Insect sex hormone receptor protein and its utilization |
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| EP0241335A1 (en) * | 1986-03-19 | 1987-10-14 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | 1-substituted conjugated alka-(E,Z)-diene compounds and a method for the preparation thereof |
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Granted publication date: 20170919 Termination date: 20181020 |