CN112314536B - New method for improving silkworm cocoon quality - Google Patents
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- 241000255789 Bombyx mori Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 235000008708 Morus alba Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 240000000249 Morus alba Species 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 241000218213 Morus <angiosperm> Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000218231 Moraceae Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001543 one-way ANOVA Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000423 heterosexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/04—Silkworms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of silkworm breeding, in particular to a method for improving the quality of silkworm cocoons by utilizing a gender combined feeding mode of silkworms and mulberries, which comprises the following steps: feeding male silkworm seeds with young leaves of male and female mulberry trees in a mixed manner during the period of 1-2 years after the male silkworm seeds are subjected to green forcing and ant collection; feeding with mature leaves of male mulberry after 3-year-old feeding, and feeding 3-5 times a day until the final stage of 5 years; and (4) cocooning after the 5 th instar is finished, and picking cocoons 5-8 days after cocooning. The method considers the feeding combination of silkworm sex and mulberry sex, screens out the optimal silkworm sex combination mode from the 4 combination modes, and achieves the purpose of improving the quality of silkworm cocoons by changing the traditional feeding method, thereby improving the quality of silk and obtaining higher economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of silkworm breeding, and particularly relates to a method for improving silkworm cocoon quality by utilizing a gender combined feeding mode of silkworms and mulberries.
Background
The silkworm is a cocoon woven by silk, the cocoon is woven by the silk with the length of 300-900 meters, the output and export amount of cocoon silk in China account for more than 70% of the total amount of the world at present, and the silkworm becomes a big cocoon silk country which can lead the price trend of the cocoon silk in the world.
As one of the biggest silk production and export countries in the world, export trade of cocoon silk in China plays an extremely important role in the silk market in the world. In order to stabilize the competitiveness of China in the silk market, attention is paid to the silkworm industry on what factors influence and how to improve the quality of silkworm cocoons (cocoon yield and silk quality). Previous researches show that the quality of the silkworm cocoons is related to the feeding and cocooning environments, and the proper temperature and humidity can improve the silk yield, the clean performance and the raw silk strength and elongation. In addition, some characteristics of the silkworm itself may affect the quality of the silkworm cocoon. For example, the quality of cocoons of different silkworm varieties is different, and the quality of cocoons of better silkworm varieties is better; compared with female silkworms, the cocoon quality of male silkworms has the characteristics of small cocoon granules, thin cocoon silk, high silk yield, long cocoon silk and the like. So that male silkworms are better suited for improving cocoon quality, while female silkworms are better suited for reproduction. In addition, mulberry leaves are one of the most important food for silkworms, and the quality of mulberry leaves has a direct influence on the evaluation of the quality of silkworm cocoons. In order to provide silkworms with more nutritious mulberry leaves, it is crucial to select an excellent silkworm variety and a suitable cultivation density and fertilizing amount.
Although there are many reports on the effect of mulberry leaf quality on the quality of silkworm cocoons, the influence of the difference in leaf quality between genders of mulberry belonging to a plant of a heterosexual plant on the quality of silkworm cocoons has not been paid attention. Related studies indicate that plants with different male and female plants have different nutrient distribution strategies due to different propagation requirements (female plants produce flowers, seeds and fruits, and male plants produce flowers), resulting in different nutrients in the same organs. Previous researches have indicated that the physiological and ecological differences of male and female mulberry leaves exist, for example, the fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm of the male mulberry leaves is significantly higher than that of the female mulberry leaves, and the relative water content of the male mulberry leaves is higher than that of the female mulberry leaves. Because the quality of male and female mulberry leaves is different and the quality of male and female silkworm cocoons is also different, the difference of the quality of male and female mulberry leaves can cause the quality of the silkworm cocoons of silkworms of different sexes after feeding to be different, and then related researches are not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for improving silkworm cocoon quality by matching silkworms with mulberry leaves fed to the silkworms.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for improving silkworm cocoon quality comprises feeding male silkworm with male mulberry to obtain silkworm cocoon;
specifically, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) harvesting ants after the male silkworm eggs are subjected to hatching;
2) feeding with young leaves of male and female mulberry trees in the period of 1-2 years after ant collection;
3) feeding with mature leaves of male mulberry after 3-year-old feeding, and feeding 3-5 times a day until the final stage of 5 years;
4) mounting after the 5 th instar is finished, and then picking cocoons;
further, the environmental temperature of four days before the green-forcing in the step 1) is 23 +/-1 ℃; the ambient temperature is 26 +/-1.5 ℃ on day 5-10;
further, the ant harvesting time in the step 1) is 7 to 9 hours in the morning;
further, the ambient temperature is 27 +/-2 ℃ during the period of 1 to 2 years of age in the step 2);
further, in the step 2), the ambient humidity is 80-90% during the period of 1-2 years old;
further, the mature leaves of the male mulberry in the step 3) are disinfected by 0.3% of bleaching powder clear liquor and used after being wiped dry;
further, the environmental temperature after 3 rd-age eating in the step 3) is 25 +/-1 ℃;
further, the environmental humidity after 3 rd-age eating in the step 3) is 65-75%;
further, in the step 4), cocoon picking is carried out 5-8 days after cocooning.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the conception is unique: the silkworms and the mulberry trees with different sexes are fed and combined, so that the optimal silkworm and mulberry sex combination mode is screened, and the quality of the silkworm cocoons is improved.
2) The method is simple and easy to popularize: the purpose of improving the quality of the silkworm cocoons can be achieved only by screening the sex of the mulberry and the silkworm.
Drawings
FIG. 1: 4 schematic diagrams of combinations of mulberry and silkworm of different sexes in example 1;
FIG. 2: histogram of drop-end situation in embodiment 3;
FIG. 3: a histogram of the milk nodes in example 3;
FIG. 4: histogram of filament length in example 3;
FIG. 5: histogram of silk weight in example 3;
FIG. 6: histogram of the unwinding filament length in example 3;
FIG. 7: histogram of the yield of fresh cocoons in example 3.
Detailed Description
Example 1
1.1 test materials and designs
The silkworm variety is 871 × 872 (from silkworm breeding farm in Wusheng county, Sichuan), and the mulberry variety is Yue sang 51 (from silkworm research institute of academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan province). The test design is that the mulberry and the silkworm with different sexes are combined into 4 modes of female mulberry and male silkworm, male mulberry and male silkworm (see figure 1). Selecting 18 male and female mulberry trees with the age of 3 years, feeding silkworm seeds with young male and female mulberry leaves in a mixed manner in the period of 1-2 years after the silkworm seeds receive ants, dividing silkworms into 2 areas after 3 years of feeding, feeding 200 silkworms in each area, feeding mature leaves derived from male and female mulberry trees respectively, and feeding for 3 times every day until the final stage of 5 years. And after 5 years, partitioning and mounting cocoons, and after cocoons are picked, randomly selecting 100 cocoons from male and female mulberry leaf feeding groups for silk reeling. As the sex of the silkworm of the variety is difficult to identify in the early stage, the sex of the silkworm is classified by adopting a method of identifying the sex of silkworm chrysalis after the single silk reeling is finished.
1.2 index determination
1.2.1 silkworm cocoon characterization
Before measuring the appearance of the silkworm cocoon, the cocoon coat is peeled off, the length and width of the silkworm cocoon are measured by a digital caliper with the resolution of 0.01mm, the weight (total cocoon weight) of the silkworm cocoon is measured by an electronic balance with the accuracy of 0.01mg, and the volume of the silkworm cocoon is measured by a measuring cylinder with the specification of 50ml by a drainage method.
1.2.2 Silk quality determination
After the silkworm cocoon characteristics are measured, boiling the silkworm cocoons, performing single-grain reeling by using a black board machine, and respectively recording the number of end falling times, the total number of revolutions of the black board and the number of knots of the silks of the single cocoon, wherein the silk weight is measured by using an electronic balance with the accuracy of 0.01mg after the silks are naturally dried. On the basis, the drop ends, the nodes, the filament length, the filament weight, the reeled filament length and the fresh cocoon yield are respectively measured and calculated. Higher drop ends indicate lower filament continuity and easy breakage. The larger the knot value is, the poor clean result and the poor silk quality of the silk are shown. The reeled silk length reflects the silk length reeled once, and the larger the value, the better the silk quality. The calculation formulas of the silk length, the reeled silk length and the fresh cocoon yield are as follows:
filament length (m) equals to the total revolution of the blackboard × 400 (m)/566;
unwinding filament length (m) ═ filament length (m)/(1+ number of ends dropped);
the fresh cocoon yield (%) is [ weight of silk (g)/weight of cocoon (g) ] ×. 100%.
1.3 data processing
Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 22.0 software. One-way ANOVA (one-way ANOVA) was used to test whether each group of traits had significant differences, and the comparison between the mean values was tested by Duncan method (α ═ 0.05). Mapping was performed using OriginPro 8.0 software. Data in the graph are mean ± sem.
Example 2
Influence of silkworm and mulberry combined feeding modes of different sexes on silkworm cocoon characteristics
As shown in table 1, the silkworm cocoon characteristics were significantly affected by the combined feeding mode of silkworms of different sexes. Female silkworm cocoons fed with female mulberry are significantly higher (by 22.5% and 5.4% respectively) than male silkworm cocoons in cocoon weight and cocoon volume. Female silkworm cocoons fed with male mulberries are significantly higher (by 2.7%, 3.4%, 27.2% and 9.4%, respectively) than male silkworm cocoons in cocoon length, cocoon width, cocoon weight and cocoon volume. In the 4 modes, the form of the silkworm cocoon in the male mulberry plus male silkworm mode is the smallest in cocoon weight, and the form of the silkworm cocoon in the female mulberry plus male silkworm mode is the largest.
TABLE 1 Effect of silkworm and mulberry combination feeding modes of different sexes on silkworm cocoon characteristics
| Treatment of | Cocoon number (number) | Cocoon length (mm) | Cocoon width (mm) | Cocoon weight (g) | Cocoon volume (cm)3) |
| FF | 52 | 32.97±0.20a | 19.07±0.11a | 1.85±0.02a | 6.86±0.11a |
| FM | 48 | 32.60±0.21ab | 18.82±0.09a | 1.51±0.02b | 6.51±0.10b |
| MF | 50 | 32.89±0.20a | 19.06±0.13a | 1.87±0.02a | 6.78±0.12ab |
| MM | 50 | 32.04±0.21b | 18.44±0.11b | 1.47±0.01b | 6.20±0.10c |
FF is male parent, mulberry and male parent; FM, male parent mulberry and male parent silkworm; MF, male mulberry and female silkworm; MM is mulberry and silkworm. The different lower case letters in the same column indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05).
Example 3
Influence of silkworm and mulberry combined feeding modes of different sexes on silk quality
The cocoon silk dropping, silk length and fresh cocoon silk yield after male silkworms are fed with female silkworms are obviously higher than those of female silkworms (respectively higher by 76.5%, 6.7% and 25.4%) (see figures 1,3 and 6). The silk length and the fresh cocoon silk yield of the cocoon silk after male silkworms are fed with male silkworms are obviously higher than those of female silkworms (respectively 4.8 percent and 20.4 percent higher) (see attached figures 3 and 6), and the silk weight is obviously lower than that of the female silkworms (see attached figure 4). In the 4 modes, the silk length and the fresh cocoon yield of the silkworm cocoons are the largest and the nodes are the smallest in the female mulberry plus female silkworm mode, and the silk length and the fresh cocoon yield of the silkworm cocoons are the smallest and the reeled silk length is the longest and the nodes are large in number in the female mulberry plus female silkworm mode (see the attached drawings 2,3,5 and 6). Thus, the silkworm cocoons are large and heavy, but the silk quality of the silkworm cocoons is not good, and the cocoon silk quality of the male silkworm cocoons is superior to that of the female silkworm cocoons; the quality of the silkworm cocoons is related to the combined feeding mode of the silkworms of different sexes, the mode of the holandra and the holandra is optimal, and the quality of the silkworm cocoons has the characteristics of small cocoon granules, good cleanliness, long cocoon silk and high fresh cocoon silk yield.
In conclusion, the combined feeding of the silkworms of different sexes can cause the cocoon quality and the silk quality to be remarkably different, and the combined feeding of the male silkworms and the male silkworms can obtain better cocoon quality and silk quality. Therefore, the quality of the silkworm cocoon can be improved in consideration of the sex of the silkworm and the combination of both in the production of the silkworm industry.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving the quality of silkworm cocoons is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) harvesting ants after the male silkworm eggs are subjected to hatching;
2) feeding with young leaves of male and female mulberry trees in the period of 1-2 years after ant collection;
3) feeding with mature leaves of male mulberry after 3-year-old feeding, and feeding 3-5 times a day until the final stage of 5 years;
4) and after the 5 th instar is finished, mounting and then picking cocoons.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ambient temperature four days before the hastening in step 1) is 23 ± 1 ℃; the ambient temperature is 26 +/-1.5 ℃ on days 5-10.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said step 1) comprises a time of 7 to 9 a.m.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ambient temperature is 27 ± 2 ℃ during the 1 to 2 years of age in step 2).
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ambient humidity in step 2) is 80-90% for 1-2 years.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mature leaves of male mulberry in step 3) are sterilized with 0.3% bleach clear solution and used after being wiped dry.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the ambient temperature after the 3 rd stage of eating in step 3) is 25 ± 1 ℃.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ambient humidity after 3-year-old response in step 3) is 65-75%.
9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step 4), cocoon picking is performed 5 to 8 days after cocooning.
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