CN101091467B - Method for breeding varieties of silkworm without palea scales on wings of imago - Google Patents
Method for breeding varieties of silkworm without palea scales on wings of imago Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for breeding silkworm variety whose imaginal ala has no paraphyllium. Said breeding method includes the following several steps: parental selection, hybridization, backcross, test cross, continuous subculture and selfing so as to obtain two silkworm varieties whose imaginal ala has no paraphyllium.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method of varieties of silkworm without palea scales on wings of imago, belong to crops improved seeds culture utilization field.Being exclusively used in the cultivated silkworm breed variety that the silk product are of fine quality, the production of hybrid seeds is cleaned cultivates.
Background technology
The sericulture filature is the great invention of of Ancient Times in China, and the history in more than 5,000 year has been arranged.World-famous China silk is a bright jewel in China long history culture long river, has made significant contribution in the carry forward Chinese culture and the national economic development.Since new China sets up, silk product be always China can dominate the international market be one of few products of number.At present, silk already remains the most characteristic traditional advantage industry of China, and silk cocoon of China and raw silk output all rank first in the world, and account for about 75% of Gross World Product respectively.
Silk industry is not only playing an important role aspect increasing farmers' income and expanding employment, and mulberry tree has great importance at aspect such as preserve the ecological environment.The whole nation is except that Qinghai, Tibet, and each province (district, city) all has silk cocoon production.There is 8.12 ten thousand hectares in mulberry field in blocks in the whole nation in 2006 according to statistics, more than 2,000 ten thousand sericulture peasant households, 72.1 ten thousand tons of silk cocoon gross yields.12,000,000,000 yuan of peasant's silk cocoon gross output values (about per family 600 yuan) in 2005; The silk textile industry practitioner more than 100 ten thousand, export goods and earn foreign currency 37.5 hundred million dollars.Many in provinces and regions in ecological protection and conceding the land to forestry, developing silkworm and mulberry as first-selection and key project.
It is one of the basis of silk industry scientific and technological progress and core that new silkworm variety is cultivated.Five ten years after founding of New, China's new silkworm variety cultivation has obtained remarkable achievement, bred with " cyanines pine * bright moon " is the good new varieties of large quantities of economic characters of representative, lay a good foundation for nationwide 4-5 cultivated silkworm breed variety updates, greatly promoted the development of silk industry.At present, the cultivated silkworm breed variety level of China has been represented the level of world today's cultivated silkworm breed variety.
Silkworm (Bombyx mori) belongs to Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera) insect, usually its adult is all worn the close palea of a bed thickness, in production of hybrid seeds processes such as mating and throwing moth egg, the beating of adult wing contacts with people's operation and can cause a large amount of paleas to come off to form micronic dust (being commonly called as the moth ash), dance in the air contaminated environment aloft.For a long time, silkworm egg manufacturing enterprise is all perplexed in moth ash harm, have a strong impact on production of hybrid seeds person and the masses' health on every side, and the moth ash can carry the silkworm eqpidemic disease---the spore of pebrine, and bring difficulty for the control of pebrine.
Therefore, reduce the moth ash that produces in the silkworm egg production process, improve labourer's health, what reduce pebrine is the problem that silkworm breeding presses for solution.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem the objective of the invention is to cultivate no palea cultivated silkworm breed variety, and its adult wing does not have or scale is seldom arranged, and is transparence; The micronic dust that produces in the production of hybrid seeds process is reduced more than 50%, and other main economic characters reach the level of commercial variety.
Technical scheme
Not having palea mutant " P33 " with silkworm adult wing is the parent, hybridizes with cultivated silkworm breed variety with production, obtains first-filial generation F1; Backcross with cultivated silkworm breed variety with same production and obtain BC1, adopt ovum circle (moth district) split-half method, do the tester with P33, select the ovum circle of no palea moth correspondence to raise subculture, backcrossing with cultivated silkworm breed variety with same production obtains BC2 again; And the like, repeated backcross, test cross step, continuous 4-6 is for backcrossing for process producer goods kind, make other economic characters reach the level of recurrent parent, last selfing is isozygotied, through the above selection of 4-6 generation, cultivate and have the adult wing and do not have palea, other economic characters and promptly produce kind with the cultivated silkworm breed variety proterties with recurrent parent;
Wherein, parent silkworm adult wing does not have palea mutant " P33 " principal character characteristic and is: in be bivoltine four dormancy kinds; Larva has sex-limited speckle, and female silkworm is that general spot, male silkworm are plain silkworm, and the silkworm body is sturdy, and food Sang Wangsheng grows neatly, and physique is stronger; Agingly gush together, matured silkworm has close property, Duo Ying upper strata cocoon; Hasten the hatching of silkworms through 10 days, larval phase,, it was middle through 13-14 day to sting through 22 days; The cocoon shape ellipse, the cocoon look pure white, and the wrinkle that contracts is medium; Cocoon weight 1.8g-2.0g, cocoon layer rate 21%, the long 1000m of silk separates and relaxes well; Sprout wings to concentrate, the adult wing does not have or palea seldom, and male moth is active, the mating poor-performing, and female moth egg is functional, and single moth egg is counted the 500-600 grain.
As produce with cultivated silkworm breed variety to " lotus ", the no palea of then improved variety " new cottonrose hibiscus ", other economic characters same " lotus ", its principal character characteristic is: in be bivoltine four dormancy kinds; Larva is plain spot, silkworm body tubbiness, and food Sang Wangsheng grows neatly, and physique is strong; Agingly gush together, the matured silkworm close property that becomes is strong, Duo Ying upper strata cocoon; Hasten the hatching of silkworms through 10 days, larval phase,, it was middle through 13-14 day to sting through 22 days; The cocoon shape ellipse, the cocoon look pure white, and the wrinkle that contracts is medium; Cocoon weight 1.6g-1.8g, cocoon layer rate 22%, the long 1100m of silk, Xie Shuhao; Sprout wings to concentrate, the adult wing does not have or palea seldom, and male moth is active, the mating performance is good, and female moth egg is functional, and single moth egg is counted the 500-600 grain, and larval phase or pupa time, 20 ℃ of following temperature were raised or protection, induced the increase of adult wing palea quantity.
As produce and use cultivated silkworm breed variety to be " 7532 ", the no palea of then improved variety " sunshine ", other economic characters are with " 7532 ", and its principal character characteristic is: Japanese bivoltine four dormancy kinds; Larva is light general spot, and the silkworm body is elongated, grows neatly, and physique is strong; Aging handing in completely, Duo Ying upper strata cocoon; Hasten the hatching of silkworms through 10 days, larval phase,, it was middle through 14-15 day to sting through 23 days; The cocoon shape ellipse, the cocoon look pure white, and the wrinkle that contracts is medium; Cocoon weight 1.6g-1.8g, cocoon layer rate 22%, the long 1100m of silk, Xie Shuhao; In sprout wings occuring simultaneously, the adult wing does not have or palea seldom, and male moth is active, the mating performance is good, and female moth egg is functional, and single moth egg is counted the 450-500 grain, and larval phase or pupa time, 20 ℃ of following temperature were raised or protection, induced the increase of adult wing palea quantity.
In the breeding method of above-mentioned varieties of silkworm without palea scales on wings of imago, protect the temperature should be in larva raising or pupa time more than 20 ℃.
Beneficial effect
Its adult wing of no palea cultivated silkworm breed variety that the present invention cultivates does not have or scale is seldom arranged, and is transparence; Other main economic characters reach the level of parent's commercial variety, they have that physique is strong, silk is best in quality and the adult wing does not have the characteristics of palea, making the micronic dust that produces in the production of hybrid seeds process reduce about 50% than common cultivated silkworm breed variety, is the cultivated silkworm breed variety of new generation of production of hybrid seeds clean environment firendly.With this varieties breeding original seed and crossbreed, the micronic dust that produces in the adult mating process reduces about 50%, substantially overcome that the dust that exists in the silkworm egg reproduction process in the world is many, the problem of operating environment difference, helped control and the assanation of pebrine disease.This achievement in research is not seen similar report both at home and abroad.
The kind that the inventive method is bred " new cottonrose hibiscus ":
The principal character characteristic is, in be bivoltine four dormancy kinds; Larva is plain spot, silkworm body tubbiness, and food Sang Wangsheng grows neatly, and physique is strong; Agingly gush together, the matured silkworm close property that becomes is strong, Duo Ying upper strata cocoon.Hasten the hatching of silkworms through 10 days, larval phase,, (pupa time) was through 13-14 day in stinging through 22 days.The cocoon shape ellipse, the cocoon look pure white, and the wrinkle that contracts is medium; Cocoon weight 1.6g-1.8g, cocoon layer rate about 22%, about the long 1100m of silk, Xie Shuhao.Sprout wings to concentrate, the adult wing does not have or palea seldom, and male moth is active, the mating performance is good, and female moth egg is functional, and single moth egg is counted the 500-600 grain, and larval phase or pupa time, 20 ℃ of following temperature were raised or protection, induced the increase of adult wing palea quantity.Raised in 2nd handing over appropriate to the occasion postponement with " sunshine ".
The kind of breeding " sunshine ":
The principal character characteristic is Japanese bivoltine four dormancy kinds; Larva is light general spot, and the silkworm body is elongated, grows neatly, and physique is strong; Aging handing in completely, Duo Ying upper strata cocoon.Hasten the hatching of silkworms through 10 days, larval phase,, (pupa time) was through 14-15 day in stinging through 23 days.The cocoon shape ellipse, the cocoon look pure white, and the wrinkle that contracts is medium; Cocoon weight 1.6g-1.8g, cocoon layer rate about 22%, about the long 1100m of silk, Xie Shuhao.In sprout wings occuring simultaneously, the adult wing does not have or palea seldom, and male moth is active, the mating performance is good, and female moth egg is functional, and single moth egg is counted the 450-500 grain, and larval phase or pupa time, 20 ℃ of following temperature were raised or protection, induced the increase of adult wing palea quantity.Raised in appropriate to the occasion 2 days in advance handing over " new cottonrose hibiscus ".
Description of drawings
Silkworm in Fig. 1 mating does not have palea mutant P33 male and female moths (the adult wing is palea seldom, is transparence)
Silkworm common variety male and female moth (the adult whole body drapes over one's shoulders completely dense palea) in Fig. 2 mating
Silkworm behind Fig. 3 mate and oviposit does not have palea kind " new cottonrose hibiscus " female moth (wing is palea seldom, is transparence)
Embodiment is through genetic analysis, and the few palea proterties of silkworm is a recessive character, only just shows few palea proterties at the gene pure state.
One, it is (public that silkworm does not have palea mutant P33, document sees reference: Qing-Xiang Zhou, Yi-N ü Li, Xing-Jia Shen, et al.The scaleless wings mutant in Bombyx mori is associated with a lack ofscale precursor cell differentiation followed by excessive apoptosis.Dev Genes Evol, 216,2006 (11): 721-726)
1, source: collect the cultivated silkworm breed variety of preserving from silkworm industry research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and externally provide.
2, the principal character characteristic (according to " fortunatus kind will " agriculture publishing house, in May, 1987 cultivated silkworm breed variety feature term description proterties, Hereinafter the same.): in be bivoltine four dormancy kinds; Larva has sex-limited speckle, and female silkworm is that general spot, male silkworm are plain silkworm, and the silkworm body is sturdy, and food Sang Wangsheng grows neatly, and physique is stronger; Agingly gush together, matured silkworm has close property, Duo Ying upper strata cocoon.Hasten the hatching of silkworms through 10 days, larval phase,, (pupa time) was through 13-14 day in stinging through 22 days.The cocoon shape ellipse, the cocoon look pure white, and the wrinkle that contracts is medium; Cocoon weight 1.8g-2.0g, cocoon layer rate about 21% about the long 1000m of silk, is separated and is relaxed well.Sprout wings to concentrate, the adult wing does not have or palea seldom, and male moth is active, the mating poor-performing, and female moth egg is functional, and single moth egg is counted the 500-600 grain.Larval phase and pupa time, 20 ℃ of following temperature protection can be induced the increase of adult wing palea quantity.
Embodiment 1
(1) not having palea P33 with silkworm is parent's (mother or male parent), is another parent (father or female parent) hybridization with producer goods kind, obtains first-filial generation F1; (2) (public, document sees reference: Feng Jiaxin chief editor, silkworm breeding selected works, publishing house of Zhejiang University, in September, 2002: 544-548) backcross and obtain BC1 with cultivated silkworm breed variety " lotus " with producing again; (3) adopt moth district (ovum circle) split-half method, do the tester with P33, select the ovum circle of no palea moth correspondence to raise subculture, backcrossing with lotus obtains BC2 again.And the like, repeated backcross, test cross step, the continuous 4-6 of process cultivated silkworm breed variety " lotus " is for backcrossing, obtain the adult wing and do not have palea, and make other economic characters such as cocoon weight, cocoon layer rate, silk length, length of non broken filament, reelability percentage and cleaning reach the level of recurrent parent " lotus ": cocoon weight 1.6-1.8g, cocoon layer rate 22%, the long 1100m of silk, length of non broken filament 750m, reelability percentage 70%, clean 94 minutes.Last selfing is isozygotied, and through 4-6 above selection of generation, cultivates no palea silkworm commercial variety " cottonrose hibiscus newly ", and the principal character characteristic is, in be bivoltine four dormancy kinds; Larva is plain spot, silkworm body tubbiness, and food Sang Wangsheng grows neatly, and physique is strong; Agingly gush together, the matured silkworm close property that becomes is strong, Duo Ying upper strata cocoon.Hasten the hatching of silkworms through 10 days, larval phase,, (pupa time) was through 13-14 day in stinging through 22 days.The cocoon shape ellipse, the cocoon look pure white, and the wrinkle that contracts is medium; Cocoon weight 1.6g-1.8g, cocoon layer rate about 22%, about the long 1100m of silk, Xie Shuhao.Sprout wings to concentrate, the adult wing does not have or palea seldom, and male moth is active, the mating performance is good, and female moth egg is functional, and single moth egg is counted the 500-600 grain, and larval phase or pupa time, 20 ℃ of following temperature were raised or protection, induced the increase of adult wing palea quantity.
Breeding condition
The equipment and the technology that must possess cultivated silkworm breed variety preservation, breeding of new variety and silkworm egg reproduction; The silkworm rearing place and the appointed condition that must possess Controllable Temperature (20 ℃-28 ℃); The silkworm silk quality method of inspection (Inst. of Silkworm, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chinese sericulture, Science and Technology of Shanghai publishing house, in January, 1991: 629-709).Pebrine disease quarantine and examination method (Inst. of Silkworm, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chinese sericulture. Science and Technology of Shanghai publishing house, in January, 1991: 591-598; GB/T 19178-2003 " silkworm original seed inspection procedure ").
The parent preserves raising technology
(1) parent preserves to raise and requires the single moth of branch kind district, and each kind is raised quantity and is no less than 10 moth districts.
(2) select to meet the proterties of kind own, silk matter achievement in the moth district batch more than the mean, again in select in the moth district selection defect individual to breed.
(3) breeder's stock is bred and is carried out the district's mating of different moth, the female kind of selecting and remain according to qualifications in the moth district of reserving seed for planting.
(4) the female moth after the production of hybrid seeds carries out the pebrine quarantine and examination one by one, eliminates the silkworm seed that female moth produced of band particulate spore.
(5) preservation of silkworm eggs is identical with common variety.
The silkworm egg reproduction technology:
The maximum characteristics of no palea kind are that the micronic dust (deriving from the adult palea) that produces in silkworm egg (original seed, crossbreed) reproductive process reduces about 50% than common cultivated silkworm breed variety; production of hybrid seeds process is become to be cleaned relatively; help labourer's health and environmental protection, and the control of pebrine disease (eqpidemic disease).
(1) the parental stock production requirement is identical with common variety, but temperature must be controlled in 20 ℃～28 ℃ scopes in larva raising and protection in pupa time.
(2) during crossbreed bred, middle system, Japanese former silkworm should separately be raised, and according to raising Start Date through determining in kind length of time, guaranteed that parents meet on date of sprouting wings.Grow adjusting if desired, temperature is minimum must not to be lower than 20 ℃.The same common variety of reproductive process.
(3) the female moth that produces crossbreed must carry out the pebrine disease quarantine and examination, prevents to exceed standard defective because of pebrine disease.
(4) preservation of silkworm eggs, arrangement, product inspection and preservation transportation etc. are with the common variety unanimity.
Embodiment 2
(1) not having palea P33 with silkworm is parent's (mother or male parent), to produce with cultivated silkworm breed variety " 7532 " (father or female parent) hybridization, obtains first-filial generation F1; (2) again with same production with cultivated silkworm breed variety " 7532 " [public, document sees reference: Feng Shulun. the seed selection of silkworm summer autumn kind 75 new * 7532, Jiangsu silkworm industry, 1985 (3): 1-5] backcrossing obtains BC1; (3) adopt moth district (ovum circle) split-half method, carry out test cross as the tester, select the ovum circle of no palea moth correspondence to raise subculture, use " 7532 " to backcross again and obtain BC2 with P33.And the like, repeated backcross, test cross step, through producing with the continuous 4-6 of cultivated silkworm breed variety " 7532 " for backcrossing, obtain no palea proterties, and make other economic characters such as cocoon weight, cocoon layer rate, silk length, length of non broken filament, reelability percentage and cleaning etc. reach the level of recurrent parent " 7532 ": cocoon weight 1.6-1.8g, cocoon layer rate 22%, the long 1100m of silk, more than the length of non broken filament 700m, reelability percentage is more than 70%, clean 94 minutes; Last selfing is isozygotied, and through 4-6 above selection of generation, cultivates no palea silkworm commercial variety " sunshine ", and its principal character characteristic is Japanese bivoltine four dormancy kinds; Larva is light general spot, and the silkworm body is elongated, grows neatly, and physique is strong; Aging handing in completely, Duo Ying upper strata cocoon.Hasten the hatching of silkworms through 10 days, larval phase,, (pupa time) was through 14-15 day in stinging through 23 days.The cocoon shape ellipse, the cocoon look pure white, and the wrinkle that contracts is medium; Cocoon weight 1.6g-1.8g, cocoon layer rate about 22%, about the long 1100m of silk, Xie Shuhao.In sprout wings occuring simultaneously, the adult wing does not have or palea seldom, and male moth is active, the mating performance is good, and female moth egg is functional, and single moth egg is counted the 450-500 grain, and larval phase or pupa time, 20 ℃ of following temperature were raised or protection, induced the increase of adult wing palea quantity.Breeding condition, parent preserve raising technology, silkworm egg reproduction technology with embodiment 1.
In the production " new cottonrose hibiscus " with " sunshine " but hybrid seeding, " new cottonrose hibiscus " raised handing over appropriate to the occasion postponement with " sunshine " on the 2nd, " sunshine " raised handing over " new cottonrose hibiscus " in appropriate to the occasion 2 days in advance, and both are met on date of sprouting wings.
Claims (4)
1. the breeding method of a varieties of silkworm without palea scales on wings of imago comprises:
1) not have palea mutant P33 be the parent to silkworm adult wing, and produces with cultivated silkworm breed variety " lotus " or " 7532 " hybridization, obtains first-filial generation F1;
2) F1 backcrosses with cultivated silkworm breed variety with same production and obtains BC1;
3) BC1 adopts ovum circle split-half method, makes tester's test cross with P33, selects the ovum circle of no palea moth correspondence to raise subculture, and backcrossing with cultivated silkworm breed variety with same production obtains BC2 again;
4) and the like, repeated backcross, test cross step for backcrossing, make other economic characters reach the level of recurrent parent through the continuous 4-6 of producer goods kind;
5) last selfing is isozygotied, and through 4-6 above selection of generation, cultivates and has the adult wing and do not have palea proterties, other economic characters and promptly produce kind with the cultivated silkworm breed variety proterties with recurrent parent;
Wherein, parent silkworm adult wing does not have palea mutant " P33 " principal character characteristic and is: in be bivoltine four dormancy kinds; Larva has sex-limited speckle, and female silkworm is that general spot, male silkworm are plain silkworm, and the silkworm body is sturdy, and food Sang Wangsheng grows neatly, and physique is stronger; Agingly gush together, matured silkworm has close property, Duo Ying upper strata cocoon; Hasten the hatching of silkworms through 10 days, larval phase,, it was middle through 13-14 day to sting through 22 days; The cocoon shape ellipse, the cocoon look pure white, and the wrinkle that contracts is medium; Cocoon weight 1.8g-2.0g, cocoon layer rate 21%, the long 1000m of silk separates and relaxes well; Sprout wings to concentrate, the adult wing does not have or palea seldom, and male moth is active, the mating poor-performing, and female moth egg is functional, and single moth egg is counted the 500-600 grain.
2. according to the breeding method of the described a kind of varieties of silkworm without palea scales on wings of imago of claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is produced with cultivated silkworm breed variety and is " lotus ", the no palea of the kind of breeding " new cottonrose hibiscus ", the same lotus of other economic characters, its principal character characteristic is: in be bivoltine four dormancy kinds; Larva is plain spot, silkworm body tubbiness, and food Sang Wangsheng grows neatly, and physique is strong; Agingly gush together, the matured silkworm close property that becomes is strong, Duo Ying upper strata cocoon; Hasten the hatching of silkworms through 10 days, larval phase,, it was middle through 13-14 day to sting through 22 days; The cocoon shape ellipse, the cocoon look pure white, and the wrinkle that contracts is medium; Cocoon weight 1.6g-1.8g, cocoon layer rate 22%, the long 1100m of silk, Xie Shuhao; Sprout wings to concentrate, the adult wing does not have or palea seldom, and male moth is active, the mating performance is good, and female moth egg is functional, and single moth egg is counted the 500-600 grain, and larval phase or pupa time, 20 ℃ of following temperature were raised or protection, induced the increase of adult wing palea quantity.
3. according to the breeding method of the described a kind of varieties of silkworm without palea scales on wings of imago of claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is produced with cultivated silkworm breed variety and is " 7532 ", the no palea of the kind of breeding " sunshine ", other economic characters are with " 7532 ", and its principal character characteristic is: Japanese bivoltine four dormancy kinds; Larva is light general spot, and the silkworm body is elongated, grows neatly, and physique is strong; Aging handing in completely, Duo Ying upper strata cocoon; Hasten the hatching of silkworms through 10 days, larval phase,, it was middle through 14-15 day to sting through 23 days; The cocoon shape ellipse, the cocoon look pure white, and the wrinkle that contracts is medium; Cocoon weight 1.6g-1.8g, cocoon layer rate 22%, the long 1100m of silk, Xie Shuhao; In sprout wings occuring simultaneously, the adult wing does not have or palea seldom, and male moth is active, the mating performance is good, and female moth egg is functional, and single moth egg is counted the 450-500 grain, and larval phase or pupa time, 20 ℃ of following temperature were raised or protection, induced the increase of adult wing palea quantity.
4. according to the breeding method of one of claim 1-3 described a kind of varieties of silkworm without palea scales on wings of imago, it is characterized in that: protect temperature in larva raising or pupa time more than 20 ℃.
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| CN102405887A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-04-11 | 江苏科技大学 | Method for breeding silkworm variety with medium-fine denier |
| CN102972360A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-03-20 | 湖南省蚕桑科学研究所 | Method for applying silkworm moth dark flowery wing gene to domestic silkworm genetic breeding |
| CN103081872A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2013-05-08 | 江苏科技大学 | Method for breeding double-limitation multi-silk-quantity domestic silkworm breed |
| CN105532588B (en) * | 2015-12-05 | 2018-03-06 | 湖南省蚕桑科学研究所 | A kind of simple and quick method that the sex-limited system of practicality tea spot is built using the common speckle kind of silkworm |
| CN108174824B (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2020-11-13 | 南阳师范学院 | Low-density breeding method for keeping wingless state of pea aphid parthenogenetic female aphid |
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