CN113519467B - Method for artificially breeding tea plant bugs - Google Patents
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
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- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 241000258937 Hemiptera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 46
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- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 21
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Abstract
A method for artificially breeding tea plant bugs comprises the steps of collecting tea plant bug nymphs and breeding the nymphs to an adult egg laying early stage, inoculating the adult insects which begin to lay eggs to the leaves of living tea tree seedlings planted in a root control device to lay eggs, removing the adult insects after laying eggs, placing the tea tree seedlings carrying tea plant bug eggs into a culture box to be incubated, and placing the tea plant bug eggs in a constant-temperature culture dish to be bred into the adult bugs after being incubated into the nymphs. The method effectively shortens the egg period time of the tea net bug, the egg period is averagely 43 to 46 days, the breeding time is improved from 2 to 3 generations every year in nature to 5 generations every year, the hatchability of the bred tea net bug eggs is as high as 89.77%, the survival rate of nymphs in the adult breeding process is 69.1%, the average egg laying amount of the adults reaches 43.64 eggs laid by each female bug, the nymphs and the adults are robust in physique and high in biological consistency, and the experimental population provides a research basis for the subsequent effective prevention and treatment measure exploration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tea plant pest research, in particular to a method for artificially breeding tea plant bugs.
Background
Tea plant bug belongs to the family of Dermaptera Nepridae and the genus Dermatophagus coronarius, and is distributed in the areas of Hubei, hunan, shanxi, sichuan, chongqing, etc., and mainly harms tea trees, tea-oil trees, etc. Adult and nymph of tea plant bug are clustered on the back of leaf to suck juice, and egg is laid in the tea plant mesophyll tissue. Dense white tiny spots and irreversible spots appear on the front surface of the damaged leaf, the damaged leaf is off-white when being seen in a tea garden, and a large amount of black colloid excrement, exuviation, bred mould and other substances are arranged on the back surface of the damaged leaf, so that the photosynthesis of tea trees is seriously influenced. When the insect is serious, the leaf fall off can be caused, the tree vigor is weak, tea buds germinate slowly and finely or germinate and stagnate, and the yield and the quality of the tea are seriously influenced.
The tea plant bug takes 2 generations in Chongqing in one year, the egg overwinter in the lower leaf of the tea bush, the overwinter egg is continuously incubated in 3 months of the next year for about 150 days, the second generation egg overwrites in 6 months to 8 months, the second generation egg overwrites in 9 months and the overwintering period lasts for about 90 days.
In order to master the development progress and the damage rule of the tea plant bug and further research effective control measures, a large number of insect sources are needed. The problems faced in field collection of tea plant bugs are mainly: due to the fact that the overwintering period and the overwintering period are longer, except for the peak period, the insect quantity is too small, and the biological consistency of the tea plant bugs collected for a long time is poor, so that the tea plant bugs are difficult to be used as the needs for carrying out the research. Therefore, the tea plant bug with excellent biological consistency is artificially cultured, and a sufficient insect source basis can be provided for the subsequent research. The unique problem encountered in the artificial breeding process is that the tea plant bug eggs have the characteristics of long overwintering and overwintering period and few propagation generations, and secondly, in the artificial breeding process, the tea plant bug eggs are low in egg laying amount, low in hatching rate and low in survival rate of eclosion adults.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for artificially breeding tea plant bugs, which effectively shortens the egg stage of the tea plant bugs, increases the propagation generation number of the tea plant bugs, improves the egg laying amount and the egg hatchability, and can meet the biological consistency of the tea plant bugs.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for artificially breeding tea plant bugs is characterized in that: collecting the tea plant bug nymphs and feeding the tea plant bug nymphs to the adult oviposition earlier stage, inoculating the adult insects in the oviposition earlier stage to the leaves of the living tea tree seedlings planted by the root control device for oviposition, removing the adult insects after oviposition, putting the tea tree seedlings carrying the tea plant bug eggs into a culture box for incubation, and placing the tea plant bug eggs in a constant-temperature culture dish after the tea plant bug eggs are incubated into the nymphs and feeding the tea plant bugs to the adult bugs.
Further, the initial temperature of the incubator incubation is 27 ℃ in the day and 20 ℃ in the night, and specifically, the temperature is adjusted to 25 ℃ after 20-25 days, wherein the temperature is 6.
In the feeding process, a plurality of methods are tried to promote the hatching of the tea plant bug eggs, for example, fresh tea tree mature leaf branches are cut to lay eggs for adults, or the mature leaves are directly beaten into juice to be supplied for hatching, but the tea plant bug eggs are basically not hatched because the nutrition of the juice in the tea leaves which lose vigor is easy to lose and deteriorate along with the change of time and temperature. According to the invention, tea tree mature leaves planted by a root controller lay eggs and are directly incubated, the root controller controls the roots of the tea trees, drains water and promotes growth of the tea trees under the alternate change of different temperatures in the early day and at night in the incubation process of tea reticulorum bugs, the nutrition activity of the tea trees is continuously adjusted, so that fresh nutrient components and blade structures with sufficient activity can be continuously provided for the incubation of the tea reticulorum bugs, the incubation of the tea reticulorum bugs is rapidly promoted through the constant temperature of 25 ℃ in the later period, the incubation time is effectively shortened, and the activity of nymphs is also improved and the proportion of the nymphs to eclosion adult is increased through the improvement of the blade structures and nutrient elements.
Further, the inoculation is specifically to inoculate the imagoes in the early stage of oviposition to the formed leaves of 3-5 th leaves under the buds of the branches of the living tea tree seedlings planted in the root control device for more than 3 years, wherein each formed leaf is provided with 8 heads of female imagoes and 2 heads of male imagoes, then the formed leaves after the imagoes are inoculated with a yarn candy bag, and the imagoes are removed after 3 days.
Further, the breeding comprises the steps of placing the hatched nymphs in a culture dish, placing wet filter paper in the culture dish, placing the tea trees on the filter paper to form leaves, enabling the back faces of the leaves to face upwards, and placing the culture dish at a temperature of 25 ℃, at a relative humidity of 70% and in a light period of L14: d10 in a climatic cabinet.
Most specifically, the method for artificially breeding tea plant bugs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Raising primary adults
Collecting tea tree branches with tea tree stinkbug nymphs, feeding the nymphs on the branches to adults, placing robust and equivalent adult tea tree stinkbug female and male adults within one day of eclosion in a culture dish, feeding the adults to the earlier stage of spawning, paving wet filter paper in the culture dish, and placing tea branches containing leaves to provide growth and development nutrition;
(2) Tea seedling inoculation and spawning
Inoculating the imagoes in the early oviposition stage bred in the step (1) to the grown leaves of 3-5 th leaves under the branch buds of living tea tree seedlings planted in a root control device for more than 3 years, wherein each grown leaf is provided with 8 heads of female imagoes and 2 heads of male imagoes, then sleeving the grown leaves after the imagoes are inoculated with a yarn candy bag, and removing the imagoes after 3 days;
(3) Hatching of tea plant bug eggs
Placing the tea tree seedlings from which the imagoes are removed in the step (2) in an incubator, wherein the starting temperature is 27 ℃ in the day, and the starting temperature is 20 ℃ at night, the temperature is changed alternately, namely the temperature is 6-00 in the day for 14 hours, the temperature is 20-00 in the night for 10 hours, the humidity is 70-75%, and the temperature is adjusted to be constant at 25 ℃ after 20-25 days for incubation;
(4) Breeding nymphs to adults
Picking out nymphs hatched in the step (3), placing the nymphs into a culture dish, placing wet filter paper in the culture dish, placing the tea trees on the filter paper to form leaves, enabling the back surfaces of the formed leaves to face upwards, and placing the culture dish at a temperature of 25 ℃, with a relative humidity of 70% and a light period of L14: d10, feeding nymphs to adults in an artificial climate box;
(5) Circulating cultivation
And (5) feeding the imagoes in the step (4) until the imagoes begin to lay eggs, and repeating the steps (2) to (4).
Through continuous and cyclic breeding, the obtained nymphs and adults of the tea plant bugs are robust in physique and high in biological consistency.
The invention has the following technical effects:
the method effectively shortens the egg period of the tea plant bug, the egg period is averagely 43-46 days, the egg period is improved from breeding 2-3 generations each year in nature to breeding 5 generations each year, the hatching rate of the bred tea plant bug eggs is up to 89.77%, the survival rate of nymphs from eclosion to adults is up to 69.1%, the average egg laying rate of each female insect reaches 43.64 grains, the nymphs and adults are robust in physique and high in biological consistency, and the method can be used as an experimental population to provide an insect source basis for the subsequent effective control measure exploration.
Drawings
FIG. 1: hatching graphs of tea plant bug eggs over time at different temperatures.
FIG. 2: comparison of tea plant bug eggs, nymphs and total developmental stage at different temperatures.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, it should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make some insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention based on the above-mentioned disclosure.
Example 1
The method for artificially breeding tea plant bugs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Raising primary adults
Collecting tea tree branches with tea tree bug nymphs, feeding the nymphs on the branches to adults, selecting robust and equivalent female and male adults of the tea tree bug within one day of eclosion, placing the adults in a culture dish, feeding the adults to the early stage of spawning, paving wet filter paper in the culture dish, and placing tea branches containing leaves to provide growth nutrients;
(2) Tea seedling inoculation spawning
Inoculating the imagoes in the early oviposition stage bred in the step (1) to the formed leaves of 3-5 th leaves under the buds of branches of living tea tree seedlings planted in a root control device for more than 3 years, wherein each formed leaf is provided with 8 heads of female imagoes and 2 heads of male imagoes, then sleeving the formed leaves after the imagoes are inoculated with a yarn candy bag, and removing the imagoes after 3 days;
(3) Hatching of tea plant bug eggs
Placing the tea seedlings with the adults removed in the step (2) in an incubator, wherein the starting temperature of the incubator is 27 ℃ in the day, and the starting temperature of the incubator is 20 ℃ at night, the temperature is more than or equal to 14 hours from 00 to 20 hours in the day, the humidity is 70% from 20 to 6 hours in the following day, the temperature is adjusted to 25 ℃ after 20 days, and the incubation is carried out;
(4) Nymphs to adult
Picking out nymphs hatched in the step (3), putting the nymphs into a culture dish, putting wet filter paper into the culture dish, putting the tea trees on the filter paper to form leaves, enabling the back surfaces of the formed leaves to face upwards, putting the culture dish into a container with the humidity of 25 ℃, the relative humidity of 70% and the light period of L14: d10, feeding nymphs to adults in an artificial climate box;
(5) Circulating cultivation
And (4) feeding the imagoes in the step (4) until spawning begins, and repeating the steps (2) to (4).
After 1 year of cyclic cultivation, statistics is carried out, the breeding generation number of example 1 is 5, the egg period is averagely 46 days, the hatchability of the cultivated tea plant bug eggs is up to 87.46%, the final survival rate of nymphs after being raised into adults is up to 68.8%, and each female worm lays eggs on average 40.12.
Example 2
The method for artificially breeding tea plant bugs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Raising primary adults
Collecting tea tree branches with tea tree bug nymphs, feeding the nymphs on the branches to adults, placing healthy and equivalent female and male adults of the tea tree bug within one day after eclosion in a culture dish, feeding the adults to the earlier stage of spawning, paving wet filter paper in the culture dish, and placing tea branches containing leaves to provide growth nutrients;
(2) Tea seedling inoculation and spawning
Inoculating the imagoes in the early oviposition stage bred in the step (1) to the formed leaves of 3-5 th leaves under the buds of branches of living tea tree seedlings planted in a root control device for more than 3 years, wherein each formed leaf is provided with 8 heads of female imagoes and 2 heads of male imagoes, then sleeving the formed leaves after the imagoes are inoculated with a yarn candy bag, and removing the imagoes after 3 days;
(3) Hatching of tea plant bug eggs
Placing the tea tree seedlings from which the imagoes are removed in the step (2) in an incubator, wherein the initial temperature of the incubator is 27 ℃ in the day, and the temperature of the incubator is 20 ℃ at night, and the temperature is changed alternately from 00 to 20 ℃ in the day for 14 hours, and from 00 to 6 days in the next day for 10 hours, the humidity is 75%, and after 25 days, the temperature is adjusted to 25 ℃ for incubation;
(4) Nymphs to adult
Picking out nymphs hatched in the step (3), placing the nymphs into a culture dish, placing wet filter paper in the culture dish, placing the tea trees on the filter paper to form leaves, enabling the back surfaces of the formed leaves to face upwards, and placing the culture dish at a temperature of 25 ℃, with a relative humidity of 70% and a light period of L14: d10, feeding nymphs to adults in an artificial climate box;
(5) Circulating cultivation
And (4) feeding the imagoes in the step (4) until spawning begins, and repeating the steps (2) to (4).
After 1 year of cyclic breeding, the number of generations of breeding in example 2 is 5, the egg period is 44 days on average, the hatching rate of the bred tea plant bug eggs is up to 86.39%, the final survival rate of nymphs in adult breeding is up to 67.9%, and each female egg is 36.87 on average.
Example 3
The method for artificially breeding tea plant bugs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Raising primary adults
Collecting tea tree branches with tea tree bug nymphs, feeding the nymphs on the branches to adults, placing healthy and equivalent female and male adults of the tea tree bug within one day after eclosion in a culture dish, feeding the adults to the earlier stage of spawning, paving wet filter paper in the culture dish, and placing tea branches containing leaves to provide growth nutrients;
(2) Tea seedling inoculation and spawning
Inoculating the imagoes in the early oviposition stage bred in the step (1) to the 3 rd to 5 th formed leaves below the buds of branches of living tea tree seedlings planted in a root control device for more than 3 years, wherein each formed leaf is provided with 8 heads of female imagoes and 2 heads of male imagoes, then sleeving the formed leaves after the imagoes are inoculated with a yarn candy bag, and removing the imagoes after 3 days;
(3) Hatching of tea plant bug eggs
Placing the tea tree seedlings from which the imagoes are removed in the step (2) in an incubator, wherein the initial temperature of the incubator is 27 ℃ in the day, and the temperature of the incubator is 20 ℃ at night, and the temperature is changed alternately from 00 to 20 ℃ in the day for 14 hours, and from 00 to 6 days in the next day for 10 hours, the humidity is 72%, and the temperature is adjusted to 25 ℃ after 22 days for incubation;
(4) Breeding nymphs to adults
Picking out nymphs hatched in the step (3), placing the nymphs into a culture dish, placing wet filter paper in the culture dish, placing the tea trees on the filter paper to form leaves, enabling the back surfaces of the formed leaves to face upwards, and placing the culture dish at a temperature of 25 ℃, with a relative humidity of 70% and a light period of L14: d10, feeding nymphs to adults in an artificial climate box;
(5) Circulating cultivation
And (4) feeding the imagoes in the step (4) until spawning begins, and repeating the steps (2) to (4).
After 1 year of cyclic cultivation, statistics is carried out, in example 3, the generation number of propagation generations is 5, the egg stage is 43 days on average in the process from the cyrtorhinus tea ovum to the adult, the hatchability of the cultured cyrtorhinus tea ovum is up to 89.77%, the survival rates of the nymphs are 84.54%, 95.17%, 97.25%, 94.63% and 93.36% in sequence after the nymphs are raised and developed to the adult for 1-5-year age, respectively, 3.4 days, 3.0 days, 2.9 days, 3.1 days and 3.6 days, the final survival rate of the developed adult reaches 69.1%, the adult is about 8 days in the early stage of oviposition, and the average oviposition of each female insect is 43.64 grains.
In the culture process, direct collection of fresh tea tree leafforming branches is tried, the tea plant bug is placed on the leafforming part of the in vitro tea branch to lay eggs, then the culture is carried out in an incubator, and different temperatures are tried to be changed, so that the tea plant bug eggs are basically not hatched, and the subsequent raising of nymphs and adults cannot be carried out.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the example 3, the invention adopts the commonly planted tea sapling (not planted by a root controller) to plant the tea plant bug eggs, the hatching is carried out at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of 70 percent in the whole process, and the rest steps are the same as the example 3.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the example 3, in the process of hatching the tea plant bug eggs into nymphs in the comparative example 1, the hatching conditions are 20 ℃ and the humidity is 70 percent in the whole process, and the rest steps are the same as the example 3.
The egg phase in comparative example 2 averaged 61 days, and the total development history of the nymphs was about 20 days, as shown in fig. 2.
Hatching is carried out by different schemes at the early stage, and the results are shown in table 1 by comparing the influence on the nymphs at the later stage in each growth stage, wherein the survival rate of the nymphs at each stage is calculated by taking the number of the nymphs at one stage as the base.
Table 1: survival rate of nymphs at each age in examples and comparative examples
The effects of incubation treatments on the whole feeding cycle through different protocols on the oviposition of adults, incubation of eggs, feeding and the like are shown in table 2.
Table 2: example 3 comparison with comparative example incubation propagation data
| Amount of oviposition | Hatching rate | Survival rate of adult | In the |
1 year propagation generation | ||
| Example 3 | 43.64 grains | 89.77％ | 69.1％ | 43 |
5 generation | |
| Comparative example 1 | 31.48 granules | 69.61％ | 23.5％ | 63 | Generation | 3 |
| Comparative example 2 | 34.13 granules | 77.96％ | 25.0％ | 61 | Generation | 3 |
The cyrtorhinus tea bug breeding method has the advantages that the cyrtorhinus tea bug nymphs are bred to adults indoors and are found in the oviposition process, the hatching rate of cyrtorhinus tea bug eggs is favorably improved at the alternative temperature of 20 ℃ and 27 ℃, the temperature is increased to 25 ℃ after a period of time, the hatching rate is improved, the nymphs obtained through hatching are robust in physique through temperature adjustment in the hatching process, the survival rate of the adults developed by the nymphs is improved, the obtained adults are robust and good in biological consistency, the egg laying amount and the quality of insect eggs are improved, and the benign cycle of cyrtorhinus tea bug breeding is realized through the regulation of specific temperature change in the hatching process of the cyrtorhinus tea bugs eggs.
Claims (4)
1. A method for artificially breeding tea plant bugs is characterized in that: collecting the nymphs of the tea plant bugs and feeding the nymphs to the pre-oviposition stage of the adults, inoculating the adults in the pre-oviposition stage to the leaves of the living tea tree seedlings planted by the root control device for oviposition, removing the adults after oviposition, placing the tea tree seedlings carrying the eggs of the tea plant bugs into a culture box for incubation, and placing the tea plant bugs into a constant-temperature culture dish for feeding the adults after the eggs of the tea plant bugs are incubated into the nymphs; the starting temperature of the incubator is 27 ℃ in the day, the temperature is 20 ℃ at night, the temperature is changed alternately, specifically, the temperature is within the range from 6 to 20 ℃ in the day for 14 hours, the temperature is within the range from 20 to 20 ℃ in the night, the temperature is within the range from 70 to 75% in the range from 6.
2. The method for artificially breeding tea plant bugs according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the inoculation is specifically to inoculate the imagoes in the early stage of oviposition onto the formed leaves of 3-5 th leaves under the buds of the branches of the living tea tree seedlings planted in the root control device for more than 3 years, wherein each formed leaf is provided with 8 female imagoes and 2 male imagoes, then the formed leaves after being inoculated with the imagoes are sleeved with a candy bag, and the imagoes are removed after 3 days.
3. The method for artificially breeding tea plant bugs as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the breeding comprises the steps of placing hatched nymphs in a culture dish, placing wet filter paper in the culture dish, placing tea tree mature leaves on the filter paper, enabling the back of each leaf to face upwards, placing the culture dish in a culture dish, and enabling the culture dish to be under the conditions that the temperature is 25 ℃, the relative humidity is 70% and the light period is L14: d10 in a climatic cabinet.
4. The method for artificially breeding tea plant bugs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Raising primary adults
Collecting tea tree branches with tea tree stinkbug nymphs, feeding the nymphs on the branches to adults, placing robust and equivalent female and male adults of the tea tree stinkbug within one day of eclosion in a culture dish, feeding the adults to the earlier stage of spawning, paving wet filter paper in the culture dish, and placing tea branches containing leaves;
(2) Tea seedling inoculation spawning
Inoculating the imagoes in the early oviposition stage bred in the step (1) to the formed leaves of 3-5 th leaves under the buds of branches of living tea tree seedlings planted in a root control device for more than 3 years, wherein each formed leaf is provided with 8 heads of female imagoes and 2 heads of male imagoes, then sleeving the formed leaves after the imagoes are inoculated with a yarn candy bag, and removing the imagoes after 3 days;
(3) Hatching of tea plant bug eggs
Placing the tea seedlings with the adults removed in the step (2) in an incubator for incubation, wherein the starting temperature of the incubator is 27 ℃ in the day, and the temperature of the incubator is 20 ℃ at night, the temperature is changed alternately, the temperature is within the range from 6 to 20 ℃ in the day for 14 hours, the temperature is within the range from 20 to 20 ℃ in the night for 6;
(4) Breeding nymphs to adults
Picking out nymphs hatched in the step (3), placing the nymphs into a culture dish, placing wet filter paper in the culture dish, placing the tea trees on the filter paper to form leaves, enabling the back surfaces of the formed leaves to face upwards, and placing the culture dish at a temperature of 25 ℃, with a relative humidity of 70% and a light period of L14: d10, feeding nymphs to adults in an artificial climate box;
(5) Circulating cultivation
And (5) feeding the imagoes in the step (4) until the imagoes begin to lay eggs, and repeating the steps (2) to (4).
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