CN105131431B - 抗老化建筑外墙用自粘保护膜 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本案涉及抗老化建筑外墙用自粘保护膜,其包括表层、中间层和内层,表层包括:聚丙烯100份、硬脂酸钙2~4份、抗氧剂1010为1~2份、L‑扁桃酸1~3份和微晶蜡1~2份;中间层包括:聚丙烯100份、硬脂酸钙1~3份、对硝基苯酚1~2份、2‑甲基丙烯腈1~2份和钛白粉0.5~1份;内层包括:SEBS100份、C5石油树脂2~4份、萜烯树脂3~5份、聚乙烯蜡1~2份、乙撑双硬脂酰胺0.5~1份和乙烯‑丙烯共聚物10~15份。本案配方温和、无残留;结构间的相容性好,具有优异的横向、纵向抗拉伸强度、抗穿刺强度、出色的耐候性、耐腐性和抗刮性能,能够长期保持较高的粘结强度和抗剥落能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种三层共挤自粘膜,尤其涉及一种抗老化建筑外墙用自粘保护膜。
背景技术
三层共挤自粘膜用肉眼看就好像只有一层结构,但实际上它是由三层结构复合在一起形成的,在三层共挤流延机的膜头里有三个流道,三个流道里含有不同组分的配方原料,在到达膜口的时候三层结构复合在一起,最后制备出来的自粘膜就是外形看似一层实则为三层的透明膜。
这种自粘膜的应用范围很广,例如在很多高楼的玻璃幕墙上就覆有这种自粘保护膜,它可以有效保护建筑外墙的使用寿命。然而,要想把三种不同材料的膜复合成看似一层的结构,并非易事。除了涉及工艺,三层材料的配方也是至关重要的,若配方之间的兼容性存在一丝缺陷,都将对这种自粘膜的性能产生极大的影响。多年来,这种配方大多被国外企业所垄断,我国的研究起步较晚,在性能指标和成本控制方面,均与世界一流水平存在不小的差距。
发明内容
针对上述技术缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种抗老化建筑外墙用自粘保护膜。
本发明的技术方案概述如下:
一种抗老化建筑外墙用自粘保护膜,其包括表层、中间层和内层,其中,所述表层包括以下重量份的材料:
所述中间层包括以下重量份的材料:
所述内层包括以下重量份的材料:
优选的是,所述的抗老化建筑外墙用自粘保护膜,其中,所述表层和中间层中,聚丙烯的数均分子量为20000~30000g/mol。
优选的是,所述的抗老化建筑外墙用自粘保护膜,其中,所述SEBS的数均分子量为90000~110000g/mol。
优选的是,所述的抗老化建筑外墙用自粘保护膜,其中,所述乙烯-丙烯共聚物中,乙烯含量为35~40wt%。
优选的是,所述的抗老化建筑外墙用自粘保护膜,其中,所述乙烯-丙烯共聚物的数均分子量为8000~9000g/mol。
优选的是,所述的抗老化建筑外墙用自粘保护膜,其中,所述表层还包括0.2~0.3重量份的氧化铈。
优选的是,所述的抗老化建筑外墙用自粘保护膜,其中,所述中间层还包括2~3重量份的戊酸丁酯。
优选的是,所述的抗老化建筑外墙用自粘保护膜,其中,所述中间层还包括1~2重量份的2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酸甲酰胺。
本发明的有益效果是:本案制得的自粘保护膜配方温和、不刺激、无残留;三层结构之间的协效性强,相容性好,具有优异的横向抗拉伸强度、纵向抗拉伸强度和抗穿刺强度,并且,由于微量改性材料的添加,使得自粘保护膜具备了出色的耐候性、耐腐性和抗刮性能,能够长期保持较高的粘结强度和抗剥落能力。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明,以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
本案提出一实施例的抗老化建筑外墙用自粘保护膜,其包括表层、中间层和内层,其中,表层包括以下重量份的材料:
硬脂酸钙的作用是稳定剂和润滑剂;抗氧剂1010学名为四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯,是一种低毒抗氧化剂,适用于聚丙烯(PP)体系;微晶蜡用于改善表层的耐候性能,同时它也是一种上光剂,用于提供表层一定的光亮度。L-扁桃酸在此配方中起紫外线稳定剂的作用,它可与抗氧剂1010形成氢键作用,并借由该氢键在聚丙烯体系中与抗氧剂1010结合并获得更加稳定的分散效果,这种结合后的分散效果可以有助于提高表层的抗老化性能,而普通的紫外线稳定剂毒性大,与其他成分如抗氧剂也没有协效作用,在配方中的兼容性不太理想。
中间层包括以下重量份的材料:
对硝基苯酚的作用是抗氧化,中间层的作用很重要,它是衔接层,需要兼顾表层和内层的匹配度,因此,对中间层配方的设计难度较大,稍有偏差,将导致三层结构的自粘膜产生差异化,能够被肉眼所识别出,并且,会对膜的横向、纵向抗拉伸强度和抗穿刺强度造成影响。对硝基苯酚的优点是它的适应性强,相容性较为温和,用在此处对整个配方不会带来排异反应,而若采用常规的酚类氧化剂,如抗氧剂1010等,则会造成体系的不适,具体表现为横向、纵向抗拉伸强度和抗穿刺强度的下降。2-甲基丙烯腈是一种光稳定剂,用于提高自粘膜在强光照射下的稳定性。钛白粉在这里的作用并不是着色剂,而是提高中间层在日光照射下的抗开裂、抗变色、抗伸展和耐酸碱性能。
内层包括以下重量份的材料:
内层主要提供粘结性能,但基于三层共挤膜的特点,内层的配方也需要与整体相匹配。SEBS是以聚苯乙烯为末端段,以聚丁二烯加氢得到的乙烯-丁烯共聚物为中间弹性嵌段的线性三嵌共聚物,SEBS不含不饱和双键,因此它具有良好的可塑性、高弹性、稳定性和耐老化性。本案所使用的SEBS无需对该线性三嵌共聚物的嵌段种类、分布和含量作出具体限定,凡是市售的SEBS均可满足本案的使用要求。SEBS的弹性以及其自身的粘着力作为自粘层提供粘附效果,有效降低了残胶的析出风险。乙撑双硬脂酰胺是一种内部滑剂,用于提高熔体的流动速率,改善脱膜性和光洁度。乙烯-丙烯共聚物用于调节体系粘度的高低,但这种调节的初衷是为了使内层体系能够与其他两个体系想匹配,因此,乙烯-丙烯共聚物在这里的粘度调节作用实际上是为了体系的兼容性问题所作出了适应性调整,但这种调节功能是乙烯-丙烯共聚物的专有功能,其他单一的聚合物或由其他材料组成而成的共聚物则没有这一效果或调节的效果还不够理想。当然,乙烯-丙烯共聚物的共聚类型则不必受到限制,无规共聚也行,嵌段共聚亦可。乙烯-丙烯共聚物的制备方法则属于现有技术,本案在此不再赘述。
作为本案另一实施例,其中,表层和中间层中,聚丙烯的数均分子量均为20000~30000g/mol。但表层中的聚丙烯的数均分子量未必要和中间层中的相等。
作为本案另一实施例,其中,SEBS的数均分子量为90000~110000g/mol。
作为本案另一实施例,其中,乙烯-丙烯共聚物中,乙烯含量为35~40wt%。当然,出于对该自粘膜的最佳粘结效果的追求,乙烯的含量还是应该受到一些限制,研究表面,乙烯含量在35~40wt%范围内,不仅可使内层获得最优的粘结性能,而且还能兼顾内层与中间层的相容性问题,有效保证了膜的性能不受影响。此外,乙烯含量控制在35~40wt%范围内,还能保证乙烯-丙烯共聚物与高分子量的SEBS有很好的相容性和分散均匀性。
作为本案另一实施例,其中,乙烯-丙烯共聚物的数均分子量为8000~9000g/mol。
作为本案另一实施例,其中,表层还包括0.2~0.3重量份的氧化铈。氧化铈用于协同改善表层的抗老化性能,其能够通过与L-扁桃酸以氢键的结合形式来增加其在体系中的分散效果,同时它能与L-扁桃酸产生协效作用,进一步提高表层的抗老化和耐腐蚀性能。
作为本案另一实施例,其中,中间层还包括2~3重量份的戊酸丁酯。戊酸丁酯的作用是提高中间层与表层和内层的结合强度,而与结构类似的丁酸丁酯、戊酸甲酯、戊酸乙酯等则没有这一改性功能;同时,戊酸丁酯可改善与表层、内层的兼容性,以能有效提高自粘膜的横向、纵向抗拉伸强度和抗穿刺强度。
作为本案另一实施例,其中,中间层还包括1~2重量份的2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酸甲酰胺。由于中间层的特殊位置,因此,中间层的粘结稳定性显得尤其重要,否则,若中间层的结构强度不高,则将严重影响膜的使用寿命。因此,2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酸甲酰胺的作用就是在能够维持使自粘膜看似为一层结构的前提下,增加与表层和内层的粘结强度,当然,这是在与戊酸丁酯共存的前提下,若没有戊酸丁酯,则2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酸甲酰胺的作用将大打折扣,因此,2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酸甲酰胺可以与戊酸丁酯产生协同功效。粘结强度提高的最直观表现就是自粘膜的横向、纵向抗拉伸强度和抗穿刺强度升高。
表层、中间层和内层的配方应被视作为一个有机整体,虽然在制备出的膜中存在三层结构,但实际上肉眼是看不出的,肉眼看出的为一层结构,因此这就对三层结构的配方的匹配度提出的更高的要求,配方中任一元素的改变都将导致这种匹配度下降,当然,对于一些较为理想的配方来说,可以允许其中的成分存在一定的浮动空间,但这种浮动空间不大,且匹配度越大的配方组合,其中成分的浮动空间越小,毕竟,匹配度将直接决定着膜的物理性能和机械加工性能,这是不可忽视的因素之一。
采用本案配方制备自粘保护膜的方法比较常见,采用市售的三层共挤流延机皆可,因本案不涉及制备工艺的改进,因此只需将配方中材料加入到相应的设备中即可开始制备。
产品性能测试方法:
1)耐候性测试:将根据任一实施例或对比例制得的保护膜置于30W的医用紫外灯下连续照射100小时,随后取出,若保护膜无老化、硬化和收缩现象,且表面未发黄,则判定测试结果为“合格”,否则为“不合格”。
2)耐腐蚀测试:将根据任一实施例或对比例制得的保护膜依次进行如下测试:
a)将其置于5wt%NaOH水溶液中浸泡100小时,取出晾干;
b)再置于5wt%HCl水溶液中浸泡100小时,取出晾干;
c)再置于5wt%NaCl水溶液中浸泡100小时,取出晾干;
d)再置于5~10wt%乙醇水溶液中浸泡100小时,取出晾干;
经过以上4个试验后,若保护膜表面为出现起泡、变形、变色、软化、硬化和老化现象,则判定该测试结果为“合格”,否则为“不合格”。
下表列出不同实施例的具体组成及其性能参数:
下表列出不同对比例的具体组成及其性能参数:
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上,但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用,它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域,对于熟悉本领域的人员而言,可容易地实现另外的修改,因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下,本发明并不限于特定的细节。
Claims (8)
1.一种抗老化建筑外墙用自粘保护膜,其包括表层、中间层和内层,其中,所述表层包括以下重量份的材料:
所述中间层包括以下重量份的材料:
所述内层包括以下重量份的材料:
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗老化建筑外墙用自粘保护膜,其特征在于,所述表层和中间层中,聚丙烯的数均分子量为20000~30000g/mol。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗老化建筑外墙用自粘保护膜,其特征在于,所述SEBS的数均分子量为90000~110000g/mol。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗老化建筑外墙用自粘保护膜,其特征在于,所述乙烯-丙烯共聚物中,乙烯含量为35~40wt%。
5.根据权利要求4所述的抗老化建筑外墙用自粘保护膜,其特征在于,所述乙烯-丙烯共聚物的数均分子量为8000~9000g/mol。
6.根据权利要求1所述的抗老化建筑外墙用自粘保护膜,其特征在于,所述表层还包括0.2~0.3重量份的氧化铈。
7.根据权利要求1所述的抗老化建筑外墙用自粘保护膜,其特征在于,所述中间层还包括2~3重量份的戊酸丁酯。
8.根据权利要求7所述的抗老化建筑外墙用自粘保护膜,其特征在于,所述中间层还包括1~2重量份的2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酸甲酰胺。
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