CN105123509A - Hybrid seed production method for bombax ceiba - Google Patents
Hybrid seed production method for bombax ceiba Download PDFInfo
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- CN105123509A CN105123509A CN201510613702.1A CN201510613702A CN105123509A CN 105123509 A CN105123509 A CN 105123509A CN 201510613702 A CN201510613702 A CN 201510613702A CN 105123509 A CN105123509 A CN 105123509A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid seed production method for bombax ceiba. The method comprises the steps of hybrid parent dwarf cultivation, pollen collection and activity determination, hybrid pollination, water and fertilizer management after pollination, and the like. The pollination success rate of a stigma-retained artificial hybrid seed production method for the bombax ceiba is 9.6 times higher than that of natural pollination, the thousand kernel weight of seeds is 10.8 percent greater than that of natural pollination seeds, the germination rate is 3.3 times higher than that of the natural pollination seeds, the height growth of half-year-old seedlings is 18.1 percent greater than that of the natural pollination, the pollination is slightly influenced by weather, a tree body dwarfs, the operation is convenient, purposeful seed production can be carried out according to excellent ornamental features, an excellent new variety is cultivated and can meet a social requirement, and great social, ecological and economical benefits can be gained.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant variety breeding technology, more specifically, the present invention relates to the cross-breeding method of a kind of kapok.
Background technology
Kapok (BombaxceibaL.), has another name called silk cotton, Ying Xiongshu, Panzhihua, Bombacaceae Gossampinus fallen leaves megaphanerophyte, Gao Keda 25m, bark canescence, and trunk has cone shape thick thorn usually; Branch is open and flat.Palmately compound leaf, petiole grows 10 ~ 20cm, 5 ~ 7, leaflet, and Long Circle is to oval shape lanceolar, and grow 10 ~ 16cm, wide 3.5 ~ 5.5cm, top is gradually sharp, and base portion is wealthy or gradually narrow, Quan Yuan, and two sides is all without hair, and petiolule grows 1.5 ~ 4cm; Stipule is little.Flower Dan Shengzhi top armpit, usually red, sometimes orange red, orange-yellow and yellow, diameter is 10 ~ 13cm about; Calyx cup-shaped, long 2 ~ 3cm, wide 2 ~ 3cm; Petal meat, the shape of falling ovum Long Circle, long 8 ~ 10cm, wide 3 ~ 4cm; Staminal tube is short, and filigree is comparatively thick, and base portion is thick, and upwards gradually thin, inside take turns part filigree upper part 2 and pitch, foreign steamer stamen is most, integrated 5 bundles, and every Shu Huasi more than 10 pieces is longer; Ovary 5 Room, style is longer than stamen, bar-shaped, and outstanding, column cap 5 splits.Capsule Long Circle, long 10 ~ 15cm, wide 4.5 ~ 8cm, close by the long pubescence of canescence; Seed is most, and obovate is smooth.In 3 ~ April of florescence, fruit is ripe for summer.
Originate in the provinces and regions such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Taiwan, Fujian, South Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia are northern.Happiness light, deep-rootedness, drought-resistant, the warm hot weather of happiness; Be born in dry-hot valley and the savanna of height above sea level 1400 ~ below 1700m, also can grow in cheuch monsoon rainforest.One of Key species of south China area road and unit greening, often does street tree, shade tree and landscape tree cultivation.
The tall and big grandness of kapok tree, towering tall and straight, tree crown is neatly glorious.In 3 ~ April of spring, first spend posterior lobe, the florescence reaches 2 months, contains and spends period, completely set redness, sometimes orange red, orange-yellow and yellow flowering, afford a magnificent spectacle, add birds or honeybee producting honey, more add temperament and interest; Dan Huacong begins flower to withering 4 ~ 5 days, 5, petal, the shape of falling ovum Long Circle.Summer, green shade was as lid, and autumn and winter fallen leaves frontal lobe look turns yellow.Kapok is always considered as the symbol of hero by people, the city flower in the cities such as city of Guangzhou Guangdong and city of Sichuan, is the excellent street tree in south China area, shade tree and landscape tree.
Kapok is naturally solid both by the ecological condition such as weather and soil, again by the impact of the biological property such as the age of tree and upgrowth situation, Natural seed setting rate is usually not high, and naturally solidly on purpose can not carry out combinations of pairs to excellent fancy points, is difficult to cultivate improved Varieties.According to kapok florescence and floral shape feature investigation result, on purpose carry out hybrid strain dwarfing culture, artificial hybridization controlled pollination, recombinates to fine genes, and strengthens the water and fertilizer management after pollination, seed can be cultivated full, thousand kernel weight is large, and germination rate is high, and seedling growth is fast, strong stress resistance, the obvious new varieties of floral shape feature.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, in order to overcome the defect that above-mentioned prior art exists, the invention provides the hybrid seeding new method of a kind of kapok.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, this invention takes following technical scheme:
A cross-breeding method for kapok, comprises the following steps:
(1), hybrid strain dwarfing cultivation
Selection Growth status is healthy and strong, sprout is full, without damage by disease and insect, full-bloom stage, pattern is beautiful, flower pattern is large elite plant are entered, before carrying out artificialpollination, 3 ~ 4 year early spring gathered scion, with 2 years raw kapok stocks, adopt cut-grafting method to carry out propagation by grafiting, when 15 ~ 20cm is grown in scion, be planted in flowerpot, within first 2 years after plantation, manage nursery stock method routinely and carry out water and fertilizer management, and regularly removing stock rudiment; In April, the 3rd and July, every strain tree body applies fertilizer once respectively; In 8 ~ September, execute 1 ~ 2 flower the more No. 2; In November, bud is formed, and every strain retains 15 ~ 20 buds, to collect pollen or to do maternal plant pollination;
(2), pollen collecting
Different according to cultivation object, individual plant is divided to collect kapok pollen, 3 ~ April, when fine, full, the N/D of clip flower bud body, the bud of large flower bud phase on kapok tree body, strip off petal, littlely cut 0.15-0.3cm below flower pesticide with clean and cut off, anther sac is dried to major part when splitting, vortex oscillation obtains pollen, when pollen to be dried to relative water content be again 25-35%, measure the vigor of pollen; Vigor is greater than the pollen of 60% for hybridization pollination;
(3), hybridization pollination
In the noon before that day of hybridization pollination, select the bud of will bloom for second day, littlely cut 0.6-1.0cm place above calyx with what sterilized petal is cut off, then filigree is cut off at filigree from base portion 1/4-1/3 place, remove all anther sacs, put isolation pocket, seal sack; The next morning, take isolation pocket apart, expose the bud after emasculation, lightly pollen is adhered on column cap, after having pollinated, again put isolation pocket, seal sack; Repeat pollination 3rd day morning more once; Latter 14 ~ 18 days of pollination, cuts off isolation pocket, takes off isolation pocket;
(4), water and fertilizer management after pollination
As dry weather after pollination, every 2 ~ 3 days trickles once; After separating bag 5 ~ 7 days start, carry out root fertilising, execute composite fertilizer's aqueous solution of a 0.8-1.2% every 15 ~ 20 days with composite fertilizer's aqueous solution of 0.8-1.2%, and ensure sufficient sunlight; When fruit turns to russet by cyan, pericarp ftractures, timely picking fruit, removes cotton-wool in fruit, takes out seed, sowing in time.
Wherein in some embodiments, in step (2), according to the difference of cultivating object, point individual plant collects kapok pollen.
Wherein in some embodiments, fertilising described in step (1) is every strain kapok tree sealing fertilizer 0.1 ~ 0.15kg and macerate ripe farmyard manure 0.35 ~ 0.50kg, and fertilizer is executed in flowerpot matrix after fully dissolving with the water of 20 ~ 25 times.
Wherein in some embodiments, the applied amount spending the more No. 2 described in step (1) is 10 ~ 15g, and concentration is the aqueous solution of 1 ‰.
Wherein in some embodiments, in step (2), the rotating speed of described vortex oscillation is 2800 turns/min, and the time is 2 ~ 3 minutes.
Wherein in some embodiments, the drying of anther sac and pollen described in step (2) is all carried out in silica gel drier.
Wherein in some embodiments, in step (3), when the time of described hybridization pollination is 9-11 in morning, now column cap is ripe, and secretion mucus is more, provides necessary material conditions for pollen adheres to.
Wherein in some embodiments, in step (3), each hybridization maternal plant pollination 6 ~ 8, bud, so both can ensure success rate, can save workload again.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The pollination success rate that kapok of the present invention retains column cap artificial hybridization producing method for seed is higher than spontaneous pollination 9.6 times, thousand grain weigth larger than the seed of spontaneous pollination 10.8%, germination rate is higher than the seed of spontaneous pollination 3.3 times, semi-annual Seedling height growth larger than spontaneous pollination 18.1%, and pollination is less by weather effect, tree low body, easy to operate, the autotelic production of hybrid seeds can be carried out by excellent fancy points, cultivate the demand that excellent new varieties can meet society, good social benefit, ecological benefits and economic benefit can be obtained.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
The cross-breeding method of embodiment 1 kapok
Be maternal with FS02-2 and FS16-13, JM19-19 is male parent, carries out the hybrid seeding of kapok, comprises the following steps:
(1), hybrid strain dwarfing cultivation
According to kapok florescence and floral shape feature investigation result, selection Growth status is healthy and strong, sprout is full, without damage by disease and insect, full-bloom stage, pattern is beautiful, flower pattern is large elite plant are entered, before carrying out artificialpollination, 3 ~ 4 year early spring gathered scion, with 2 years raw kapok stocks, cut-grafting method is adopted to carry out propagation by grafiting, grafting is when after 4 months, 15 ~ 20cm is grown in scion, be planted in lower bore 50cm × upper bore 40cm flowerpot, within first 2 years after plantation, manage nursery stock method routinely and carry out water and fertilizer management, and regularly removing stock rudiment; In April, the 3rd and July, according to tree body size every strain sealing fertilizer 0.1 ~ 0.15kg and macerate ripe farmyard manure 0.35 ~ 0.50kg respectively, fertilizer is executed in flowerpot matrix after fully dissolving with the water of 20 ~ 25 times; In September, execute once flower the more No. 2 10 ~ 15g, concentration is the aqueous solution of 1 ‰.In November, bud is formed, and as bud is many, trunk infusion is under-supply, should dredge the bud that duplicate removal superimposition is overstocked, and every strain retains 15 ~ 20 buds, reaches full growth to retain bud, can improve pollen quality and pollination success rate.
(2), pollen collecting
Different according to cultivation object, point individual plant collects kapok pollen.In 3 ~ April, when fine, on excellent individual plant, full, the N/D of clip flower bud body, the bud of large flower bud phase, install with sealed bag, stick to gather number and acquisition time to take back laboratory for subsequent use.Strip off petal, littlely cut about 0.2cm below flower pesticide with clean and cut off, anther sac is placed in and weighs the good culture dish of paper washer, then puts into silica gel drier dry, when anther sac major part is split, anther sac is put into respectively the centrifuge tube of 2ml, be placed in the oscillator of rotating speed 2800 turns/min eddy mixer and vibrate 2 ~ 3 minutes, when pollen is bonded in centrifuge tube inwall, stop operating, open the lid of centrifuge tube, outwell sky anther sac.Sticky polliniferous centrifuge tube is put back in silica gel drier dry, and in drier, put 1 Hygrothermograph, when in drier Hygrothermograph relative water content about 30% time, open the lid of drier, again cover the lid of centrifuge tube, stay 3 centrifuge tubes to carry out vitality test, remaining installs with envelope and puts into sealed bag, and on envelope, indicate collection number, collector, acquisition time, relative moisture, be placed in-20 DEG C of refrigerators and preserve.
(3), Pollen Activity detects
50mg/L boric acid+100g/L the sucrose solution drawing 300ul with liquid-transfering gun respectively fills polliniferous centrifuge tube to 3, jiggle, pollen is made to be dissolved in solution, with liquid-transfering gun, each pollen liquid is sprayed onto respectively the surface of 3 medium again, medium component is 50mg/L boric acid+100g/L sucrose+8g/L agar, and is evenly spread out by pollen liquid with the clean glass rod that pushes away, cover culture dish lid, with sealed membrane sealing, numbering, is placed in 25 DEG C of artificial climate incubator constant temperature, permanent illumination cultivation 2 ~ 3h.Treat pollen germination, when pollen tube length is 6 ~ 8 times of pollen grain diameter, observe under culture dish being placed in 100 times of inverted microscopes, each culture dish random selecting 3 inspection, carry software with microscope to take pictures, add up each culture dish pollen number, pollen germination number, statistics Pollen Activity; And calculate the vigor of this batch of pollen.Fresh pollen vigor reaches 65%, and this batch of pollen can be used for pollination, and the contents such as Pollen Activity, detection time and testing staff indicated by this batch of kapok pollen envelope, for subsequent use.
(4), hybridization pollination
A, emasculation and bagging
In the noon before that day of hybridization pollination, select the bud of will bloom for second day, littlely cut about 0.8cm place above calyx with what sterilized petal is cut off, then filigree is cut off at filigree from base portion 1/3 place, remove all anther sacs, want during emasculation carefully, not stay remaining anther sac.The bag isolation of three limits sealings being about 15cm, wide about 12cm made from template to be put after emasculation in time, and seal sack with clip (or stapler), insect both can have been stoped to fly in bag, can prevent again pollen from broadcasting through hearsay and be bonded on column cap.Each hybridization maternal plant pollination 6 ~ 8, bud, so both can ensure success rate, can save workload again.
B, pollination
After emasculation the next morning 9 ~ 11 time, now column cap is ripe, and secretion mucus is more, provides necessary material conditions for pollen adheres to.First slowly take isolation pocket apart, expose the bud after emasculation, with earpick from reach Pollen Activity requirement centrifuge tube scoop out, adhere on column cap lightly, have pollen to be stained with until naked eyes are seen.Pollen should be taken out from refrigerator in sky, as destination is comparatively far away, keeps low temperature, guarantee that Pollen Activity is unaffected in way with ice bag.Original isolation pocket to be put again after having pollinated, seal sack with clip (or stapler), and hang up tag board, indicate hybrid combination and pollination time.Within 3rd day, repeat again once to pollinate.
C, take off isolation pocket
About fortnight after pollination, cut off by isolation pocket with little cutting, take off isolation pocket, as pollinated successfully, ovary starts to expand, and fruit flower bud be kermesinus, will remember remove a bag time at tag board, facilitates observes and takes pictures later.After pollination, ovary is not expanded, the timely removing tag board of former bud atrophy gradually.The pollination success rate of the present embodiment is 34.61%.
(5), water and fertilizer management after pollination
As dry weather after pollination, every 2 ~ 3 days trickles once; After separating bag 5 ~ 7 days start, carry out root fertilising with composite fertilizer's aqueous solution of 1%, every composite fertilizer's aqueous solution of about 20 days Shi Yici 1%, to promote Growth status and fruit development, and keep sufficient sunlight.
(6), seed collection and process
Plant real general 50 ~ 60 days of the maturing stage, when fruit turns to russet by cyan, pericarp ftractures, timely picking fruit; Should in time by cotton-wool in removal fruit, take out seed, statistics seed grain number, claims seed quality with electronic scale, calculates thousand kernel weight, and sowing in time, register acquisition time and sowing date etc.
The thousand grain weigth of the present embodiment reaches 57.1g, germination rate 56.43%, semi-annual height of seedling average out to 35.2cm.
Comparative example spontaneous pollination and cut off the hybridization pollination of column cap
Be maternal with FS02-2 and FS16-13, JM19-19 is male parent, in the noon before that day of hybridization pollination, select the bud of will bloom for second day, littlely cut 0.6-1.0cm place above calyx with what sterilized petal is cut off, then cut off filigree at filigree from base portion 1/3 place, style is cut off from base portion 1/2 place, remove all anther sacs, put isolation pocket, seal sack; The next morning, take isolation pocket apart, expose the bud after emasculation, adhering to reaching the pollen that Pollen Activity reaches 65% on style clip lightly, again putting isolation pocket after having pollinated, sealing sack; Repeat pollination 3rd day morning more once; About fortnight after pollination, isolation pocket is cut off, takes off isolation pocket; Pollination success rate is only 12.21%, and thousand grain weigth reaches 46.45g, germination rate 7.76%, semi-annual height of seedling average out to 29.8cm.
The thousand grain weigth of spontaneous pollination reaches 52.71g, germination rate 17%, semi-annual height of seedling average out to 31.6cm, fruiting rate 3.6%.
Therefore, known with the contrast of comparative example by embodiment 1, the pollination success rate that kapok of the present invention retains column cap artificial hybridization producing method for seed is higher than spontaneous pollination 9.6 times, thousand grain weigth larger than the seed of spontaneous pollination 10.8%, germination rate is higher than the seed of spontaneous pollination 3.3 times, semi-annual Seedling height growth larger than spontaneous pollination 18.1%, and pollination is less by weather effect, tree low body, easy to operate, the autotelic production of hybrid seeds can be carried out by excellent fancy points, cultivate the demand that excellent new varieties can meet society, good social benefit can be obtained, ecological benefits and economic benefit.
The above embodiment only have expressed several embodiment of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but can not therefore be construed as limiting the scope of the patent.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (8)
1. a cross-breeding method for kapok, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1), hybrid strain dwarfing cultivation
Selection Growth status is healthy and strong, sprout is full, without damage by disease and insect, full-bloom stage, pattern is beautiful, flower pattern is large elite plant are entered, before carrying out artificialpollination, 3 ~ 4 year early spring gathered scion, with 2 years raw kapok stocks, adopt cut-grafting method to carry out propagation by grafiting, when 15 ~ 20cm is grown in scion, be planted in flowerpot, within first 2 years after plantation, manage nursery stock method routinely and carry out water and fertilizer management, and regularly removing stock rudiment; In April, the 3rd and July, every strain tree body applies fertilizer once respectively; In 8 ~ September, execute 1 ~ 2 flower the more No. 2; In November, bud is formed, and every strain retains 15 ~ 20 buds, to collect pollen or to do maternal plant pollination;
(2), pollen collecting
Artificialpollination is 3 ~ April then, when fine, full, the N/D of clip flower bud body, the bud of large flower bud phase on kapok tree body, strip off petal, below flower pesticide, 0.15-0.3cm cuts off, and anther sac is dried to major part when splitting, vortex oscillation obtains pollen, when pollen to be dried to relative water content be again 25-35%, measure the vigor of pollen; Vigor is greater than the pollen of 60% for hybridization pollination;
(3), hybridization pollination
In the noon before that day of hybridization pollination, select the bud of will bloom for second day, above calyx, petal is cut off by 0.6-1.0cm place, then cuts off filigree at filigree from base portion 1/4-1/3 place, removes all anther sacs, put isolation pocket, seal sack; The next morning, take isolation pocket apart, expose the bud after emasculation, lightly pollen is adhered on column cap, after having pollinated, again put isolation pocket, seal sack; Repeat pollination 3rd day morning more once; Latter 14 ~ 18 days of pollination, cuts off isolation pocket, takes off isolation pocket;
(4), water and fertilizer management after pollination
After pollination every 2 ~ 3 days trickles once; After separating bag 5 ~ 7 days start, carry out root fertilising, executed once every 15-20 days again with composite fertilizer's aqueous solution, and ensure sufficient sunlight; When fruit turns to russet by cyan, pericarp ftractures, timely picking fruit, removes cotton-wool in fruit, takes out seed, sowing in time.
2. the cross-breeding method of kapok according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), point individual plant collects kapok pollen.
3. the cross-breeding method of kapok according to claim 1, is characterized in that, fertilising described in step (1) is for every strain kapok tree sealing fertilizer 0.1 ~ 0.15kg and macerate ripe farmyard manure 0.35 ~ 0.50kg.
4. the cross-breeding method of kapok according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the applied amount spending the more No. 2 described in step (1) is 10 ~ 15g, and concentration is the aqueous solution of 1 ‰.
5. the cross-breeding method of kapok according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), the rotating speed of described vortex oscillation is 2800 turns/min, and the time is 2 ~ 3 minutes.
6. the cross-breeding method of kapok according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), the drying of described anther sac and pollen is all carried out in silica gel drier.
7. the cross-breeding method of kapok according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), when the described hybridization pollination time is 9-11 in morning.
8. the cross-breeding method of kapok according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), and each hybridization maternal plant pollination 6 ~ 8, bud.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102138490A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2011-08-03 | 广东省林业科学研究院 | Dwarfing culture method for Rhodoleia championii |
| CN103098653A (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2013-05-15 | 广东省林业科学研究院 | Grafting method of albizia falcataria |
| CN104885923A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-09-09 | 福建省林业科学研究院 | Schimacrenata crossbreeding method |
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- 2015-09-23 CN CN201510613702.1A patent/CN105123509A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102138490A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2011-08-03 | 广东省林业科学研究院 | Dwarfing culture method for Rhodoleia championii |
| CN103098653A (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2013-05-15 | 广东省林业科学研究院 | Grafting method of albizia falcataria |
| CN104885923A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-09-09 | 福建省林业科学研究院 | Schimacrenata crossbreeding method |
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Application publication date: 20151209 |