CN105110943A - Mushroom culture medium prepared by peels and preparation method of mushroom culture medium - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a mushroom culture medium prepared by peels and a preparation method of the mushroom culture medium. The culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: tangerine peel slag, mulberry wood, 7% diluted sulfuric acid solution, quartz sands, wine residues, quicklime, apple peels, soybean meal, peat soil, rice husks and a proper amount of water. Massive requirement for tangerine causes generation of massive byproducts, such as tangerine peels, tangerine pulp residues and the like. The invention aims at preparing a mushroom culture medium while the waste is recycled, activity, resistance and nutritional value of edible mushrooms can be improved since massive vitamins, flavonoids, carotenoids and other multiple bioactive substances are still contained in the tangerine peels, and the bioactive substances are protected not to be oxidized by utilizing the unique mulberry treatment technology, and the utilization is improved.

Description

A kind of pericarp prepares mushroom culture medium and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The invention belongs to the Technology field of culture medium of edible fungus, be specifically related to a kind of pericarp and prepare mushroom culture medium and preparation method thereof.

Background technology

Mulberry tree is perennial woody plant, has easy germination, resistance to cutting cuts down the characteristic strong with restorability.In the cultivation of mulberry tree, usual needs are cut and are cut down ramulus mori, particularly the cultivation of silkworm needs fresh, fresh and tender mulberry leaf in a large number, need constantly to prune mulberry tree, realize the fresh and tender of Ramulus Mori and new foliation, this measure also helps the generation reducing disease and pest simultaneously, branch after pruning usually directly burns as bavin standing grain or rots in vain at headland, not only contaminate environment also wastes resource, as far back as just having Ramulus Mori many years ago, by being ground into mulberry wood chips for the preparation of culture medium of edible fungus or for paper industry.

Recognize that white mulberry strips mainly contains xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose and hemicellulose composition, and three can be separated by the mode of thermolysis, the pyrolysis temperature of hemicellulose is 250 ~ 300 DEG C, Mierocrystalline cellulose is by β-1 by D-Glucose, the long chain molecule of 4 glycosidic link connections, long chain molecule forms the supramolecule rock steady structure with highly crystalline district further by reactive forces such as hydrogen bonds, its pyrolysis temperature is at 350 ~ 400 DEG C, the pyrolysis temperature of xylogen is 450 ~ 550 DEG C, produces bio oil after hemicellulose and Mierocrystalline cellulose pyrolysis;

Mushroom is a kind of wood-decay fungi, and main nutritive ingredient is carbohydrate and nitrogenous compound, and a small amount of inorganic salt and VITAMIN etc.Mushroom wood and substratum in various nutritive substances, be only dissolved in water and could be absorbed by mushroom.Mushroom mycelium can utilize carbon source widely, and comprise monose, disaccharide class and polyose, sugared concentration is relatively good at 1-5%.

Mushroom is a kind of wood-decay fungi, its growth is divided into two stages, one is the mycelium stage, one is the sporophore stage, mushroom must absorb the nutritive substance in the water of dissolving simultaneously, and present most mushroom culture medium raw material is all generally paper scrap, cotton seed hulls, waste cotton slag, corn stalk, corn cob etc., because the water content of substratum is certain, the nutritive ingredient of these raw materials is made to be difficult to exist with form that is liquid or semi liquid state, hinder shiitake mushroom hypha absorbing raw material greatly, if raw material powder is broken into more small particle, make homogenate state, have and exceeded the optimum moisture content of substratum greatly, hinder gas circulation simultaneously, be unfavorable for mushroom growth, bring the harm of growing miscellaneous bacteria.

Summary of the invention

In order to improve mushroom culture medium water retention property, strengthen overall air permeability energy, the present invention is by mulberry tree wood through process and modification, and mixing mushroom culture medium together uses, and realizes particular by following method:

A kind of pericarp prepares mushroom culture medium, it is characterized in that, be made up of the raw material of following weight part: citrus peel residue 30 ~ 45, mulberry 35 ~ 40,7% dilution heat of sulfuric acid 60 ~ 80, quartz sand 10 ~ 15, wine tank 10 ~ 15, unslaked lime 5 ~ 8, Pericarpium Mali pumilae 15 ~ 20, soybean meal 80 ~ 100, peat soil 10 ~ 15, rice husk 50 ~ 70 and appropriate water;

Pericarp prepares a preparation method for mushroom culture medium, it is characterized in that, comprises following step:

(1) by peeling mulberry by cutting and grinding growths × wide=8 ~ 12cm × 5 ~ 8cm, thickness is no more than the wood chip shape of 1.2cm, puts into the container filling 7% dilution heat of sulfuric acid, is heated to 80 ~ 90 DEG C, maintenance 4 ~ 5h;

(2) wood chip of (1) gained is dried, then retort furnace is put in unification, be filled with nitrogen and add quartz sand, heating charing is carried out with oxygen free condition, control temperature 450 DEG C, effect 4 ~ 6h, puts into enough water boilings and removes charing impurity, obtain required modification mulberry sheet by wood chip after completing;

(3) mix unslaked lime, citrus peel residue, Pericarpium Mali pumilae and soybean meal, add water adjustment water content 70 ~ 80%, covered with plastic film be incubated, heap fermentation 4 ~ 5 days, in turn over 1 ~ 2 time, by product high-temperature sterilization again after completing;

(4) (3) products therefrom is blended into appropriate water, is milled to homogenate, add (2) gained modification wood chip, vibrations stirring 30 ~ 40min;

(5) mixed with other remaining components by (4) products therefrom, mix well, adjustment water content 50 ~ 55%, pH is 5.5 ~ 6, carries out packing.

The present invention focuses on, to the modification of common dead meal mulberry tree batten in life, being applied in the substratum of mushroom:

First mulberry is ground into a certain size wood chip shape, thickness is no more than 2cm, then soak with dilution heat of sulfuric acid, preliminarily softened is separated wooden part and cellulosic sections, acid treatment is mainly through hydrolyzed hemicellulose, destroy the chemical bond between hemicellulose-lignin, reach the effect increasing its surface-area, cellulosic mean polymerisation degree can also be reduced simultaneously, acid treatment is mainly for the Mierocrystalline cellulose of wooden unit class and being separated of xylogen, by boiling for some time, be conducive to effect and the progress of accelerating this step, the cultivation of mushroom is suitable for growing in the environment of pH=5.5 ~ 6, so utilize dilute acid soln to be better than the treatment effect of sig water.

Biomass carbonated is without the incomplete pyrolysis occurred when the oxidizing atmospheres such as air, to generate charcoal, and the process of the products such as condensable liquid (bio oil), the present invention is in conjunction with this point, and according to background knowledge, different by the temperature of lignocellulosic elements thermo-cracking, by regulating temperature, cellulose components unwanted in pine is carbonized, retain lignin component, the finished product obtained is the porous material of wood chip shape, for the preparation of substratum, stable ventilation can be reached, maintain based structures, store nutrient and moisture, be beneficial to the multiple advantages such as edible mushrooms takes root,

Fluid bed fast pyrolysis device is utilized to carry out the process of differing temps to mulberry tree wood chip, and then adopt pressed disc method sweep measuring on Bruker infrared spectrometer, draw the content feature for the treatment of of different temperature mulberry Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen and hemicellulose, result is as follows:

Along with the rising of temperature, the content of hemicellulose reduces gradually, the less stable of hemicellulose is described, namely pyrolysis is there is at 240 DEG C, and along with the rising of temperature, pyrolytic reaction is aggravated, and content of cellulose raises with the rising of temperature of reaction, 300 DEG C is start to reduce, and illustrates 300 DEG C of beginning pyrolysis.

Advantage of the present invention: the heavy demand of oranges and tangerines; make its by product; as orange peel, tangerine flesh slag etc. produce in a large number; while the present invention is intended to utilize these dead meals; realize refuse huge profit to use; what make a kind of mushroom is substratum; still containing a large amount of various bioactivators such as VITAMIN, flavonoid, carotenoid in peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco; be conducive to the activity of raising edible mushrooms, resistance and nutritive value; the mulberry treatment technology utilizing the present invention to have more; these biologically active substances of good protection are not oxidized, increase operation rate.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1:

A kind of pericarp prepares mushroom culture medium, it is characterized in that, be made up of the raw material of following weight part (Kg): citrus peel residue 45, mulberry 35,7% dilution heat of sulfuric acid 75, quartz sand 10, wine tank 10, unslaked lime 7, Pericarpium Mali pumilae 15, soybean meal 100, peat soil 10, rice husk 65 and appropriate water;

Pericarp prepares a preparation method for mushroom culture medium, it is characterized in that, comprises following step:

(1) by peeling mulberry by cutting and grinding growths × wide=8 ~ 12cm × 5 ~ 8cm, thickness is no more than the wood chip shape of 1.2cm, puts into the container filling 7% dilution heat of sulfuric acid, is heated to 80 ~ 90 DEG C, maintenance 4 ~ 5h;

(2) wood chip of (1) gained is dried, then retort furnace is put in unification, be filled with nitrogen and add quartz sand, heating charing is carried out with oxygen free condition, control temperature 450 DEG C, effect 4 ~ 6h, puts into enough water boilings and removes charing impurity, obtain required modification mulberry sheet by wood chip after completing;

(3) mix unslaked lime, citrus peel residue, Pericarpium Mali pumilae and soybean meal, add water adjustment water content 70 ~ 80%, covered with plastic film be incubated, heap fermentation 4 ~ 5 days, in turn over 1 ~ 2 time, by product high-temperature sterilization again after completing;

(4) (3) products therefrom is blended into appropriate water, is milled to homogenate, add (2) gained modification wood chip, vibrations stirring 30 ~ 40min;

(5) mixed with other remaining components by (4) products therefrom, mix well, adjustment water content 50 ~ 55%, pH is 5.5 ~ 6, carries out packing.

A kind of pericarp of the present invention is used to prepare the planting experiment of mushroom culture medium for mushroom, adopt the long 33 ~ 55cm of bag, the Plastic film Bag of wide 20 ~ 30cm carries out the filling bag of substratum, substratum is pressed the raw material of invention after corresponding steps process, load 3/5 place in bag, experimental group adopts substratum of the present invention, control group uses conventional medium, routine servicing is all identical with management, result shows: the mushroom growing way of experimental group and everyway better than control group, strengthen mushroom resistance, improve output, the nutritive value of mushroom all will far above control group simultaneously, and substratum possesses certain pest-resistant effect, remain sanitary.

Claims (2)

1. a pericarp prepares mushroom culture medium, it is characterized in that, be made up of the raw material of following weight part: citrus peel residue 30 ~ 45, mulberry 35 ~ 40,7% dilution heat of sulfuric acid 60 ~ 80, quartz sand 10 ~ 15, wine tank 10 ~ 15, unslaked lime 5 ~ 8, Pericarpium Mali pumilae 15 ~ 20, soybean meal 80 ~ 100, peat soil 10 ~ 15, rice husk 50 ~ 70 and appropriate water.

2. a kind of pericarp prepares the preparation method of mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprises following step:

(1) by peeling mulberry by cutting and grinding growths × wide=8 ~ 12cm × 5 ~ 8cm, thickness is no more than the wood chip shape of 1.2cm, puts into the container filling 7% dilution heat of sulfuric acid, is heated to 80 ~ 90 DEG C, maintenance 4 ~ 5h;

(2) dried by the wood chip of (1) gained, then retort furnace is put in unification, is filled with nitrogen and adds quartz sand, heating charing is carried out, control temperature 450 DEG C, effect 4 ~ 6h with oxygen free condition, after completing, wood chip is put into enough water boilings and remove charing impurity, obtain required modification mulberry sheet;

(3) mix unslaked lime, citrus peel residue, Pericarpium Mali pumilae and soybean meal, add water adjustment water content 70 ~ 80%, covered with plastic film be incubated, heap fermentation 4 ~ 5 days, in turn over 1 ~ 2 time, by product high-temperature sterilization again after completing;

(4) (3) products therefrom is blended into appropriate water, is milled to homogenate, add (2) gained modification wood chip, vibrations stirring 30 ~ 40min;

(5) mixed with other remaining components by (4) products therefrom, mix well, adjustment water content 50 ~ 55%, pH is 5.5 ~ 6, carries out packing.