CN105075936A - Method for quickly cultivating Takifugu bimaculatus - Google Patents
Method for quickly cultivating Takifugu bimaculatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN105075936A CN105075936A CN201510344732.7A CN201510344732A CN105075936A CN 105075936 A CN105075936 A CN 105075936A CN 201510344732 A CN201510344732 A CN 201510344732A CN 105075936 A CN105075936 A CN 105075936A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides a method for quickly cultivating Takifugu bimaculatus, and relates to a method for cultivating fishes. The method comprises the following steps: S1. selecting female Takifugu bimaculatus and adult male Takifugu rubripes whose weights are larger than 500 g as parent fishes every February, cultivating the parent fishes in a cement pond full of sea water, and feeding fresh oyster or shelled shrimp to the parent fishes to promote fully development of sexual glands; S2. injecting oxytocic to the parent fishes when the temperature of water in the indoor cement pond naturally rises up to more than 20 DEG C in the spring, putting injected parent fishes in a spawning pond, keeping the environment quiet so that the two kinds of parent fish can develop to adult fish at the same time; S3. manually collecting spawns, carrying out dry artificial insemination and hatching the oosperm to prelarva; S4. cultivating the prelarva in a cultivating pond until the average length of fry is larger than 2.0 cm; and S5. cultivating the fry in an earth pond until to the next winter, to achieve commercial fishes whose average weight is 400g. The period of cultivation can be shortened by one year.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for cultivation of fish.
Background technology
The Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer originating from Fujian Province is an aquatic products treasure that class economic worth is high, potentiality to be exploited is large.According to surveying and determination, containing protein 18.7g in every 100g meat, higher than the content of yellow croaker; And the content of fat is 0.26g, it is the one that in fish, fat content is minimum.In addition, also containing abundant vitamin, mineral matter and the multiple trace element useful to human body.And because of its meat pure white, delicate, delicious flavour, nutritious, eat raw with prepared food all suitable, and can be made into the dried product of unique flavor, by China coast fisherman and Japan, Korea S is national is considered as first-class aquatic products.
But Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer growth rate is slower, adopted the prelarva that female Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer and the natural mating of male Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer are produced in the past, adopt conventional marine fish culture method, use small fish is bait, needs cultivation more than 3 years just can reach marketable fish (average weight is greater than 400g).Because Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer growth rate is slow, the culture-cycle is longer, and the economic benefit that improve cultivation is restricted.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of method forming Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fast.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the method forming Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fast, comprise the following steps: step 1, select annual February body weight be greater than the female Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer of 500g and bull Fugu rubripes be parent population in indoor water mud sump with mariculture, water temperature is at 12 ~ 20 DEG C, seawater salinity is about 22 ~ 28, and throw something and feed fresh oyster meat or the shrimp that shells promote that parent population sexual gland reaches full growth; Step 2, injects ocyodinic when water temperature reaches more than 20 DEG C to parent population in spring, and the parent population after injection is put in indoor cement spawning pond, keeps environment quiet, two kinds of parent population sexual glands are synchronously reached maturity; Step 3, ovum artificial collection, carries out dry method of artificial fertilization and becomes prelarva with incubating oosperm; Step 4, carries out fry rearing, until fry specification more than average length 2.0cm by prelarva in indoor cement training seedling pond; Step 5, by cultivating in above-mentioned fry native pond in the open to Second Year winter, obtains the marketable fish of average weight at 400g.
The present invention selects the female Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer that originates from Fujian and originates from the male Fugu rubripes in Shandong by test-tube hybridization Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer, has and grows advantage rapidly.The parent population of different growth rhythm is had to realize artificial insemination for making these two kinds, the present invention changes the conventional practice of raising parent population with fresh small fish, throw something and feed fresh oyster meat or the shrimp that shells promotes parent population sexual gland to reach full growth and to parent population injection ocyodinic, two kinds of parent population sexual glands is synchronously reached maturity.Parent population after injection ocyodinic is put in indoor cement spawning pond, and keep environment quiet, the radical response that parent population can be avoided to be alarmed, makes ocyodinic give full play to effectiveness, increases the controllability of parent population gonad development.The present invention by ovum artificial collection, carry out dry method of artificial fertilization and can ensure that incubating oosperm goes out the Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer prelarva of hybridization, thus reach the goal of the invention that Shortening culturing period forms Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer.
Recommend: in described step 1, female Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer is 5:1 ~ 10:1 with the ratio of the quantity of bull Fugu rubripes.
Two kinds of parent populations are matched according to this ratio, both can ensure ovum artificial collection and fully meet the needs of dry method of artificial fertilization, the unnecessary aquaculture cost that a certain parent population of too much use can be avoided again to bring, is conducive to the economic benefit improving whole breeding process.
In a preferred embodiment: the ocyodinic in described step 2 is the mixture of DOM (DOM), luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog (LHRH), human chorionic gonadtropin (HCG) three; Above-mentioned ocyodinic usage amount is every kilogram of raun DOM usage amount 1.0 ~ 2.5 milligrams, LRH usage amount 1.0 ~ 5.01 microgram, HCG usage amount 500 ~ 800 unit, and milter reduces by half or do not inject; Injection ocyodinic carried out injection effect inspection after 60 hours, did not reach sexually matured parent population and injected once according to the half of above-mentioned ocyodinic dosage again.
Because the maturation of ovum phase with a collection of Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer raun can differ long period of time in front and back in normal conditions, and the sexual maturing period of Fugu rubripes milter will be earlier.Adopt these three kinds of hormones according to being that Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer is hastened parturition with upper type, the maturation of ovum of raun can be accelerated, make the maturation of ovum phase with a collection of Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer raun consistent with the sexual maturing period of Fugu rubripes milter, ensure to obtain hybridization Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fertilized egg with the highest output capacity.
Particularly: in described step 2, the injection site of ocyodinic is pectoral fin base portion, and inject time is 15:00 ~ 16:00 in the afternoon.
The position of fish injection of hormone Chang Xuan is back and abdominal cavity, because the skin at the back of Fugu is thicker, be difficult to insert syringe needle, and pectoral fin base portion skin is thinner, is easy to injection; 15:00 ~ 16:00 injection in afternoon is it is considered that be night with that after injection, and the activity intensity of fish own declines, and is conducive to because injection is to the recovery of the stress reaction that fish produces.
In a preferred embodiment: in described step 3, incubating oosperm refers to and fertilized egg hatched with identical seawater with concentrating in hatching pail after clean with the seawater flushing of salinity with the seawater that aforementioned parent population cultivates; Hatching is inflated to seawater and seethes early stage, and the later stage slowly turns down aeration quantity, evenly can roll and do not sink to the bottom and be as the criterion with demersal egg in hatching pail; Strong illumination is avoided, seawater water temperature 18.0 ~ 22.4 DEG C, seawater salinity 22.1 ~ 28.6 during hatching; To repeatedly be separated with unfertilized egg, non-membrane ovum in time in the process that prelarva hatches; First stop the supple of gas or steam during each separation prelarva, be sunken at the bottom of hatching pail under making unfertilized egg and non-membrane ovum, prelarva, at the middle and upper levels, is with water to scoop out with bailer, moves people and train seedling pond by prelarva upstream gently.
" hatching is inflated to seawater and seethes early stage, and the later stage slowly turns down aeration quantity, evenly can roll and do not sink to the bottom and be as the criterion with demersal egg in hatching pail; " this operation is because the fertilized egg of Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer has adhesive and is the ovum of heavy property; be easy to tens of grain each other and be adhered together and be bonded on the bucket wall of hatching pail, bottom, if be bonded together or be bonded in a barrel wall, bottom be unfavorable for hatching, change the operation such as water, cleaning.Hatching is inflated to seawater and seethes the free state that shape can keep ovum early stage; Along with development of fertilized ova, the adhesive decline of ovum, so the later stage slowly can turn down aeration quantity.And the ovum of most fish is buoyancy or suspension and ovum does not have adhesive, slightly inflate just during hatching.
In a preferred embodiment: in described step 4 during fry rearing in the training seedling pond of filling seawater prelarva breeding density 2.5 ten thousand ~ 5.0 ten thousand tails/cubic meter water body, brachionus plicatilis of throwing something and feeding after prelarva initial feeding, wheel animalcule throw in density be 5 ~ 10/mL; To the inflation of seawater trace, add water every day or change water once, ocean temperature remains on more than 18 DEG C; To 15 days after hatching, wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding, the cladocera and scratch sufficient class of throwing something and feeding for 12nd ~ 40 days, within the 32nd day, start to throw something and feed fish meat emulsion or flesh of fish group are until fry specification more than average length 2.0cm.
Training seedling pond is cement pit, cultivates Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fry in early stage with training seedling pond, is because Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fry individuality is small and weak in earlier stage, premunition is poor.Adopt cement training seedling pond high density cultivation Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer in early stage fry in the manner described above, effectively can increase physique and the growth rate of Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fry, improve the survival rate of Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fry in early stage.
In a preferred embodiment: in described step 5 native pool cultivated time, native pool area 0.2 ~ 2hm
2, the native pond maritime interior waters degree of depth 2.0 ~ 2.5m, breeding density is 1.5 ten thousand ~ 3.0 ten thousand tails/hm
2, native pond maritime interior waters containing underlying biological bait, artitificial food based on fresh small fish, expanded seawater fish manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding when small fish lacks; When ocean temperature is not less than 10 DEG C in the winter time, above-mentioned Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer overwintering in native pond.
Conventional pond culture Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer is raised together with in native pond by Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fry and other fry breed varieties, and Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fry breeding density is lower, arranges in pairs or groups on a small quantity.Being single-minded cultivation Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fry in native pond in present embodiment, namely improving breeding density intensive culture, by increasing Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fry output, aquaculture cost can be reduced.
The present invention forms the method for Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fast, by the hybridization Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer adopting above-mentioned technical measures to cultivate out female Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer and male Fugu rubripes, the time reaching Normal Goods fish is made to become 2 years from 3 years, shorten 1 year, reduce the cycle of forming and cost, improve the benefit of pond culture.The method does not need to use the special installation such as greenhouse or booth, utilizes the natural conditions in south China area to implement, so be easy to promote.The hybridization Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer that this method is produced simultaneously maintains the speciality of original purebred Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer meat and taste, and the lower even inspection of Determination of Tetrodotoxin of muscle and skin does not measure, and is the substitute of purebred Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer the best.
Embodiment
Adopt new method culture Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer, follow following steps:
(1) selecting and fortification of parent population is bred
Select body weight according to the ratio that female Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer and the ratio of the quantity of bull Fugu rubripes are 5:1 ~ 10:1 February and be greater than the female Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer of 500g and bull Fugu rubripes as parent population (such as selecting female Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer 43 tail and bull Fugu rubripes 6 tail that body weight is greater than 500g), cultivation is in indoor water temperature at 12 ~ 20 DEG C, and seawater salinity is in the cement pit of about 22 ~ 28; Throw something and feed fresh oyster meat or the shrimp that shells promotes that the sexual gland of parent population reaches full growth; Throw something and feed every day 2 times, in time pull residual bait after throwing something and feeding 1.5 hours at every turn, adjust next feeding volume simultaneously, change water 20 ~ 50% every day, change weekly the cement pit that once cultivates so that prevention stimulates infection and the outburst of cryptonucleus insect disease.
(2) artificial induced spawning of parent population is bred
Spring when water temperature in indoor water mud sump rises naturally reach more than 20 DEG C time, hasten parturition to parent population as ocyodinic with DOM (DOM) and luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog (LHRH) and human chorionic gonadtropin (HCG), dosage is depending on parent population maturity of fish gonads.The injected dose that above-mentioned ocyodinic drug use is recommended is every kilogram of raun DOM1.0 ~ 2.5 milligram, LRH1.0 ~ 5.01 microgram, HCG500 ~ 800 unit, and milter reduces by half or do not inject.Injection site is preferably selected in pectoral fin base portion.Inject time is preferably selected in 15:00 ~ 16:00 in afternoon.Parent population after injection is put in the indoor cement spawning pond disinfected in advance and manages with delicacy, and keeps environment quiet.When injection ocyodinic carried out injection effect inspection after 60 hours, female parent population occurs that cloacal aperture slightly expands, gonapophysis is micro-red, and light pressure gonad has a small amount of ovum squeeze-out phenomenon, illustrates that female parent population sexual gland is ripe; Male parent population occurs that slighter compress belly has milky seminal fluid spillover, illustrates that male parent population sexual gland is ripe; Immature parent population uses the half of above-mentioned hormone dosage to inject once again.Ensure that all parent populations synchronously reach sexual maturity.
(3) artificial insemination and incubating oosperm
Lay eggs and adopt the mode of ovum artificial collection, carry out dry method of artificial fertilization with the ovum of seminal fluid to Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer maturation of Fugu rubripes maturation; Namely the female parent population gonad of light pressure extrudes mature egg, and the male parent population lower abdomen of light pressure extrudes ripe seminal fluid, is mixed by the ovum of these maturations realize dry method of artificial fertilization with ripe seminal fluid.Fertilized egg is hatched with identical seawater with concentrating in hatching pail after clean with the seawater flushing of salinity with the seawater that aforementioned parent population cultivates.Hatching is inflated to greatly seawater and seethes early stage, and the later stage slowly turns down aeration quantity, evenly can roll and do not sink to the bottom and be as the criterion with demersal egg in hatching pail.In hatching process, seawater water temperature controls, more than 18 DEG C, to avoid strong illumination.Fertilized egg is under seawater water temperature 18.0 ~ 22.4 DEG C, salinity 22.1 ~ 28.6 condition, and through hatching in 117 ~ 156 hours, prelarva started to hatch.Hatch to hatching complete from prelarva, the different and Fertilized quality difference of seawater water temperature in hatching process, also must 2 ~ 4 days.Water temperature is high, and archiblast is good, and the time is short; Water temperature is low, and archiblast is poor, length of stalling for time.For keeping Larval good, the prelarva first hatched is wanted to be separated with unfertilized egg, non-membrane ovum in time.First stop the supple of gas or steam during each separation, be sunken at the bottom of hatching pail under making unfertilized egg and non-membrane ovum, extremely at the middle and upper levels, namely prelarva is with water to scoop out by available bailer gently in prelarva upstream, moves into the indoor cement training seedling pond of sterilizing in advance and carry out cultivation in early stage after counting.
(4) fry rearing;
Prelarva breeding density 2.5 ten thousand ~ 5.0 ten thousand tails/cubic meter water body in training seedling pond, brachionus plicatilis after prelarva initial feeding, density is 5 ~ 10/mL; Add a certain amount of chlorella liquid of people, regulating water quality; Trace inflation; Add water every day or change water once, more than 18 DEG C.To 15 days after hatching, continue wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding; Within 12nd ~ 40 days, to throw something and feed cladocera and scratch sufficient class; Within 32nd day, start throw something and feed fish meat emulsion or flesh of fish group.Indoor cement training seedling pond seedling management is mainly: note different phase food species and transitional period; Duty is changed water and is kept water quality pure and fresh; Timely sorting fry minimizing cuts one another's throat.In 6-7 month, when fry specification reaches more than average length 2cm, outdoor native pond can be put into and cultivate.
(5) soil is pool cultivated.
Soil pool area is with 0.2 ~ 2hm
2be advisable, the native pond depth of water 2.0 ~ 2.5m.Breeding density is 1.5 ten thousand ~ 3.0 ten thousand tails/hm
2, put front Tu Chi in a suitable place to breed and sterilize with quicklime or bleaching powder after cleaning, put seawater into after sterilizing one week, use sufficient base manure, cultivate underlying biological bait.In the process that above-mentioned fry is cultivated in native pond.Artitificial food based on fresh small fish, expanded seawater fish manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding when small fish lacks.When ocean temperature is not less than 10 DEG C in the winter time (ocean temperature of Fujian Province's Southern Coast all can meet this condition), above-mentioned Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer can in native pond overwintering.Cultivate to Second Year winter, average weight just can be gone on the market when the commercial specification of 400g.
The above, be only present pre-ferred embodiments, do not limit scope of the invention process with this, and equivalence change and the modification done according to technical scheme of the present invention and description, all should belong to the scope that the present invention is contained.
Claims (7)
1. form the method for Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fast, comprise the following steps: step 1, select annual February body weight be greater than the female Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer of 500g and bull Fugu rubripes be parent population in indoor water mud sump with mariculture, water temperature is at 12 ~ 20 DEG C, seawater salinity is about 22 ~ 28, and throw something and feed fresh oyster meat or the shrimp that shells promote that parent population sexual gland reaches full growth; Step 2, injects ocyodinic when water temperature naturally rises and reaches more than 20 DEG C in indoor water mud sump to parent population in spring, and the parent population after injection is put in indoor cement spawning pond, keeps environment quiet, two kinds of parent population sexual glands are synchronously reached maturity; Step 3, ovum artificial collection, carries out dry method of artificial fertilization and becomes prelarva with incubating oosperm; Step 4, carries out fry rearing, until fry specification more than average length 2.0cm by prelarva in indoor cement training seedling pond; Step 5, by cultivating in above-mentioned fry native pond in the open to Second Year winter, obtains the marketable fish of average weight at 400g.
2. the method forming Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fast according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 1, female Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer is 5:1 ~ 10:1 with the ratio of the quantity of bull Fugu rubripes.
3. the method forming Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fast according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the ocyodinic in described step 2 is the mixture of DOM, luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog, human chorionic gonadtropin three; Above-mentioned ocyodinic usage amount is every kilogram of raun DOM usage amount 1.0 ~ 2.5 milligrams, luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog usage amount 1.0 ~ 5.01 microgram, human chorionic gonadtropin usage amount 500 ~ 800 unit, and milter reduces by half or do not inject; Injection ocyodinic carried out injection effect inspection after 60 hours, did not reach sexually matured parent population and injected once according to the half of above-mentioned ocyodinic dosage again.
4. the method forming Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fast according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in described step 2, the injection site of ocyodinic is pectoral fin base portion, and inject time is 15:00 ~ 16:00 in the afternoon.
5. the method forming Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fast according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: in described step 3, incubating oosperm refers to and fertilized egg hatched with identical seawater with concentrating in hatching pail after clean with the seawater flushing of salinity with the seawater that aforementioned parent population cultivates; Hatching is inflated to seawater and seethes early stage, and the later stage slowly turns down aeration quantity, evenly can roll and do not sink to the bottom and be as the criterion with demersal egg in hatching pail; Strong illumination is avoided, seawater water temperature 18.0 ~ 22.4 DEG C, seawater salinity 22.1 ~ 28.6 during hatching; To repeatedly be separated with unfertilized egg, non-membrane ovum in time in the process that prelarva hatches; First stop the supple of gas or steam during each separation prelarva, be sunken at the bottom of hatching pail under making unfertilized egg and non-membrane ovum, prelarva, at the middle and upper levels, is with water to scoop out with bailer, moves people and train seedling pond by prelarva upstream gently.
6. the method forming Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fast according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: in described step 4 during fry rearing in the training seedling pond of filling seawater prelarva breeding density 2.5 ten thousand ~ 5.0 ten thousand tails/cubic meter water body, throw something and feed after prelarva initial feeding brachionus plicatilis, it is 5 ~ 10/mL that wheel animalcule throws in density; To the inflation of seawater trace, add water every day or change water once, ocean temperature remains on more than 18 DEG C; To 15 days after hatching, wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding, the cladocera and scratch sufficient class of throwing something and feeding for 12nd ~ 40 days, within the 32nd day, start to throw something and feed fish meat emulsion or flesh of fish group are until fry specification more than average length 2.0cm.
7. the method forming Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fast according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: in described step 5 native pool cultivated time, native pool area 0.2 ~ 2hm
2, the native pond maritime interior waters degree of depth 2.0 ~ 2.5m, breeding density is 1.5 ten thousand ~ 3.0 ten thousand tails/hm
2, native pond maritime interior waters containing underlying biological bait, artitificial food based on fresh small fish, expanded seawater fish manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding when small fish lacks; When ocean temperature is not less than 10 DEG C in the winter time, above-mentioned Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer overwintering in native pond.
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| CN115886159A (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-04-04 | 海南热带海洋学院 | Sexual gland development strengthening bait and method for hybridizing puffer fish with puffer fish |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106172118A (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2016-12-07 | 天津农学院 | A kind of river fish Seedling mating system |
| CN106719167A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-31 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | A kind of six spot pierces the incubation equipment and hatching method of Puffer embryonated egg |
| CN115886159A (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-04-04 | 海南热带海洋学院 | Sexual gland development strengthening bait and method for hybridizing puffer fish with puffer fish |
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