CN105075936A - Method for quickly cultivating Takifugu bimaculatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for rapidly growing puffer puffer, which relates to a fish breeding method. The method of the present invention comprises the following steps: Step 1, selecting female puffer puffers with a body weight greater than 500g and adult puffer puffers with adult red fins each year in February as broodstock to be cultured with seawater in an indoor cement pond, and fed with fresh oyster meat or removed Shrimp meat promotes the full development of broodstock gonads; step 2, in spring, when the water temperature in the indoor cement pool naturally rises above 20°C, inject oxytocic agent to the broodstock, and place the injected broodstock in the spawning pond to keep the environment quiet so that both The gonads of the broodstock mature synchronously; step 3, artificially collect eggs, perform dry artificial insemination and hatch the fertilized eggs into larvae; step 4, carry out fry cultivation in the seedling pond until the average full length of the fry is more than 2.0cm; step 5. Cultivate the above-mentioned fish fry in earthen ponds until the second winter to obtain commercial fish with an average body weight of 400g. The breeding cycle can be shortened by one year.

Description

The method of raising two-spot puffer quickly

technical field

The invention relates to a fish breeding method.

Background technique

Puffer puffer from Fujian Province is a kind of aquatic treasure with high economic value and great development potential. According to measurements, every 100g of meat contains 18.7g of protein, which is higher than that of yellow croaker; and the fat content is 0.26g, which is the least fat content in fish. In addition, it is also rich in vitamins, minerals and a variety of trace elements beneficial to the human body. And because of its white, tender, delicious taste and rich nutrition, it is suitable for both raw food and cooked food, and it can be made into dried products with unique flavor. It is regarded as the first-class aquatic product by Chinese coastal fishermen and Japanese and Korean nationals.

However, the growth rate of puffer is relatively slow. In the past, the larvae produced by natural mating of female puffer and male puffer were used in conventional marine fish farming methods, using small miscellaneous fish as bait, and it took more than 3 years to breed In order to reach commercial fish (average weight greater than 400g). Due to the slow growth rate of pufferfish and the long breeding cycle, it is limited to improve the economic benefits of breeding.

Contents of the invention

The invention aims to provide a method for rapidly growing puffer puffer.

The technical scheme of the present invention is: the method for rapidly growing puffer, comprising the following steps: step 1, selecting female puffer with a body weight greater than 500g and adult male puffer as broodstock in an indoor cement pond every February Medium-use marine aquaculture, the water temperature is 12-20°C, and the seawater salinity is around 22-28. Feed fresh oyster meat or shelled shrimp meat to promote the full development of broodstock gonads; step 2, when the water temperature reaches above 20°C in spring Inject the broodstock with oxytocic agent, and put the injected broodstock in the indoor cement spawning tank, keep the environment quiet, so that the gonads of the two broodstock mature synchronously; step 3, artificially collect eggs, carry out dry artificial insemination, and hatch the fertilized eggs into larvae ; Step 4, the larvae are cultivated in the indoor cement seedling pond until the average full length of the fry is more than 2.0cm; Step 5, the above-mentioned fry are cultivated in the open-air earthen pond until the winter of the second year, and the average body weight is obtained at 400g. commodity fish.

The present invention selects the hybrid double-spotted puffer which is produced by artificial insemination of female two-spotted puffer from Fujian and male red-finned puffer from Shandong, and has the advantage of rapid growth. In order to realize the artificial insemination of these two broodstocks with different growth rules, the present invention changes the conventional method of raising broodstocks with fresh small miscellaneous fish, and feeds fresh oyster meat or shelled shrimp meat to promote the full development of the gonads of the broodstocks and to improve the growth rate of the broodstocks. Inject oxytocic agent to make the gonads of the two broodstock mature synchronously. The broodstock injected with the oxytocic agent is placed in the indoor cement spawning pond, and the environment is kept quiet, which can avoid the overreaction of the broodstock to be disturbed, make the oxytocic agent fully effective, and increase the controllability of the gonad development of the broodstock. The present invention can ensure that fertilized eggs are hatched into hybrid puffer puffer fish by artificially collecting eggs and carrying out dry artificial insemination, so as to achieve the invention purpose of shortening the culture period and cultivating puffer pufferfish.

Recommendation: In step 1, the ratio of the number of female two-spot puffer to adult male redfin puffer is 5:1-10:1.

The two kinds of broodstock are selected according to this ratio, which can not only ensure artificial egg collection and fully meet the needs of dry artificial insemination, but also avoid unnecessary breeding costs caused by excessive use of a certain kind of broodstock, which is conducive to improving The economic benefits of the whole farming process.

In a preferred embodiment: the oxytocic agent in the step 2 is a mixture of dioconone (DOM), luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog (LHRH), and chorionic gonadotropin (HCG); The dosage of DOM per kilogram of female fish is 1.0-2.5 mg, the dosage of LRH is 1.0-5.01 micrograms, the dosage of HCG is 500-800 units, and the dosage of male fish is halved or not injected; the injection effect is checked after 60 hours of injection of oxytocic agent , and the broodstock that have not reached sexual maturity are injected with half the dose of the above-mentioned oxytocic agent.

Because the egg maturity period of the same batch of pufferfish females will be different for a long period of time under normal circumstances, and the sexual maturity period of pufferfish males is earlier. The use of these three hormones to induce labor in puffer puffer in accordance with the above method can speed up the maturation of female fish eggs, so that the egg maturation period of female puffer fish in the same batch is consistent with the sexual maturity period of puffer puffer fish in males. Guaranteed to obtain fertilized eggs of hybrid puffer puffer with the highest output rate.

In particular: the injection site of the oxytocic agent in the step 2 is the base of the pectoral fin, and the injection time is between 15:00 and 16:00 in the afternoon.

The commonly selected sites for fish hormone injections are the back and abdominal cavity, because the back skin of puffer puffer is thicker and it is difficult to insert a needle, while the skin at the base of the pectoral fin is thinner and easier to inject; the injection between 15:00 and 16:00 in the afternoon is considered to be injection Afterwards, at night, the activity intensity of the fish itself decreased, which was conducive to the recovery of the stress response to the fish caused by the injection.

In a preferred embodiment: hatching of fertilized eggs in the step 3 refers to washing the fertilized eggs with seawater with the same salinity as the seawater of the aforementioned broodstock culture and then concentrating on the hatching bucket and hatching with the same seawater; aerating in the early stage of hatching When the sea water is churning, slowly turn down the amount of air in the later stage, so that the sinking eggs can roll evenly in the hatching bucket without sinking to the bottom; avoid strong light when hatching, the sea water temperature is 18.0-22.4°C, and the sea water salinity is 22.1-28.6 ;During the hatching process, the larvae must be separated from the unfertilized eggs and unmembraned eggs in time for many times; each time the larvae are separated, the gas should be stopped first, so that the unfertilized eggs and unmembraned eggs sink to the bottom of the hatching tank, and the larvae upstream To the middle and upper layers, gently scoop out the larvae with water with a spoon, and move them to the seedling pond.

"Inflate until the sea water is tumbling in the early stage of hatching, and then slowly reduce the amount of inflation in the later stage, so that the sinking eggs can roll evenly in the hatching bucket without sinking to the bottom;" This operation is because the fertilized eggs of puffer puffer are adhesive And it is a sinking egg, which is easy to stick to each other and stick to the wall and bottom of the hatching bucket. If it sticks together or sticks to the wall and bottom of the bucket, it will be unfavorable for hatching and replacement. Water, cleaning and other operations. In the early stage of incubation, it can be inflated to the seawater churning state to keep the eggs in a free state; as the fertilized eggs develop, the adhesion of the eggs will decrease, so the amount of air can be slowly turned down in the later stage. The eggs of most fishes are buoyant or suspended, and the eggs are not adhesive, just slightly inflated when hatching.

In a preferred embodiment: when the fry are cultivated in the step 4, the larvae are stocked at a density of 25,000 to 50,000 to 50,000 per cubic meter of water body in the seedling pond filled with seawater, and the larvae are fed with Brachionus rugosa after opening their mouths to feed, The feeding density of rotifers is 5-10/mL; inflate the seawater slightly, add water or change the water once a day, and keep the seawater temperature above 18°C; feed rotifers until 15 days after hatching, and feed them on the 12th to 40th day Feed Cladocera and Scleropoda, and start feeding minced fish or fish balls on the 32nd day until the average full length of fry is more than 2.0cm.

The seedling pond is a cement pond, and the early stage puffer puffer fry is cultivated in the seedling pond because the puffer puffer fry individual is weak and disease resistance is poor in the early stage. Cultivating puffer puffer fry in the early stage at high density in the above-mentioned manner by using cement seedling ponds can effectively increase the physique and growth rate of puffer puffer fry fry in the early stage, and improve the survival rate of puffer puffer fish fry in the early stage.

In a preferred embodiment: when cultivating in the earthen pond in step 5, the area of the earthen pond is 0.2-2hm ² , the seawater depth in the earthen pond is 2.0-2.5m, the stocking density is 15,000-30,000 fish/hm ² , and the seawater in the earthen pond contains The basic biological bait and the artificial bait are mainly fresh small miscellaneous fish. When the small miscellaneous fish are in short supply, the extruded seawater fish compound feed is fed; when the seawater temperature is not lower than 10°C in winter, the above-mentioned oriental puffer is kept in an earthen pond. Overwinter naturally.

The conventional pond culture of puffer puffer is to mix puffer puffer fry with other fish species in earthen ponds. The puffer puffer fry stocking density is low, and a small amount is matched. In this embodiment, the puffer puffer fry are exclusively cultured in the earthen pond, that is, the stocking density is increased for intensive breeding, and the breeding cost can be reduced by increasing the puffer puffer fry output.

The method for quickly cultivating two-spotted puffer in the present invention, by adopting the above-mentioned technical measures to cultivate the hybrid double-spotted puffer of female puffer and male puffer, makes the time to reach normal commercial fish change from three years to three years. Two years, shortening one year, reducing the cultivation period and cost, and improving the benefit of pond culture. This method does not need to use special equipment such as greenhouses or greenhouses, and can be implemented by utilizing the natural conditions in southern my country, so it is easy to promote. At the same time, the hybrid two-spot puffer produced by this method maintains the meat quality and taste of the original purebred puffer, and the tetrodotoxin content in muscle and skin is low or even undetectable. It is the best purebred puffer replacement of.

Detailed ways

Using a new method to artificially cultivate the puffer puffer, follow the steps below:

(1) Selection and nutritional enhancement of broodstock for breeding

In February, according to the ratio of the number of female two-spot fugu to adult male red-fin fugu at a ratio of 5:1 to 10:1, select female two-spot fugu and adult male red-fin fugu with a body weight greater than 500 g as brood fish (for example, Select 43 female two-spot puffers and 6 adult male red-finned puffers weighing more than 500g), and breed them in cement ponds with indoor water temperature at 12-20°C and seawater salinity at about 22-28; Oyster meat or shelled shrimp meat promotes the full development of the gonads of broodstock; feed twice a day, remove the remaining bait in time after 1.5 hours each time, and adjust the amount of feeding next time, changing the water by 20-50% every day, The cement ponds used for breeding are replaced once a week in order to prevent infection and outbreak of Cryptocaryon irritant disease.

(2) Artificial oxytocin for breeding broodstock

In spring, when the water temperature in the indoor cement pool naturally rose above 20°C, dioconone (DOM), luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue (LHRH) and chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) were used as oxytocins to induce labor for broodstock. Dosage depends on the maturity of the broodstock gonads. The recommended injection dosage of the above-mentioned oxytocic drugs is 1.0-2.5 mg of DOM, 1.0-5.01 micrograms of LRH, and 500-800 units of HCG per kilogram of female fish, and the male fish can be halved or not injected. The best injection site is at the base of the pectoral fin. The best injection time is between 15:00 and 16:00 in the afternoon. After the injection, the broodstock are carefully managed in a pre-sterilized indoor cement spawning pond, and the environment is kept quiet. When the injection effect was checked 60 hours after the injection of oxytocic agent, the female broodstock had a slightly enlarged cloaca, reddish genital process, and a small amount of eggs squeezed out of the gonad, indicating that the gonads of the female broodstock were mature; the male broodstock showed light pressure on the lower abdomen Milky white semen overflows, indicating that the gonads of male broodstock have matured; immature broodstock is injected with half of the above-mentioned hormone dose. Ensure that all broodstock reach sexual maturity simultaneously.

(3) Artificial insemination and hatching of fertilized eggs

Spawning adopts the method of artificial egg collection, and artificially inseminate the mature eggs of puffer with dry method with the mature semen of puffer; that is, gently press the gonad of female broodstock to extrude mature eggs, and gently press the lower abdomen of male broodstock to extrude Mature semen, these mature eggs are mixed with mature semen to achieve dry artificial insemination. After the fertilized eggs are washed with seawater with the same salinity as the seawater of the aforementioned parent fish culture, they are concentrated in the hatching bucket and hatched with the same seawater. In the early stage of hatching, inflate the water until the sea water churns, and then slowly reduce the amount of air in the later stage, so that the sinking eggs can roll evenly in the hatching bucket without sinking to the bottom. During the hatching process, the seawater temperature is controlled above 18°C, avoiding strong light exposure. The fertilized eggs hatched after 117-156 hours under the conditions of seawater temperature 18.0-22.4°C and salinity 22.1-28.6, and the larvae began to hatch. From the hatching of the larvae to the completion of the hatching, it will take another 2 to 4 days due to the difference in seawater temperature and the difference in the quality of fertilized eggs during the hatching process. The water temperature is high, the egg quality is good, and the time is short; the water temperature is low, the egg quality is poor, and the delay time is long. In order to keep the larvae well-developed, the larvae hatched earlier should be separated from unfertilized eggs and membrane-free eggs in time. Stop the air every time when separating, so that the unfertilized eggs and unmembraned eggs sink to the bottom of the hatching tank, and the larvae swim up to the middle and upper layers, and then gently scoop out the larvae with water with a spoon, and move them into the pre-sterilized room after counting The cement seedling pond is used for pre-cultivation.

(4) fry cultivation;

The stocking density of larvae in the nursery pond is 25,000 to 50,000 per cubic meter of water body. After the larvae open their mouths to feed on Brachionus rugosa, the density is 5 to 10/mL; add a certain amount of chlorella liquid to adjust the water quality; Inflate; add water or change water once a day, above 18°C. After hatching to 15 days, continue to feed rotifers; from 12 to 40 days to feed cladocera and squid; from 32 days to start feeding minced fish or fish balls. The management of seedlings in indoor cement seedling ponds is mainly: pay attention to the types of bait in different stages and the transition period; change the water frequently to keep the water quality fresh; sort the fry in time to reduce mutual killing. From June to July, when the size of the fry reaches an average length of more than 2cm, they can be raised in open-air earthen ponds.

(5) Cultivation in earthen ponds.

The appropriate area of the earthen pond is 0.2-2hm ² , and the water depth of the earthen pond is 2.0-2.5m. The stocking density is 15,000 to 30,000 fish/hm ² . Before stocking, the earthen ponds are cleaned and then disinfected with quicklime or bleaching powder. After one week of disinfection, they are put into seawater, and enough basal fertilizer is applied to cultivate basic biological bait. In the process of cultivating the above-mentioned fry in earthen ponds. The artificial bait is mainly fresh small miscellaneous fish, and the extruded seawater fish compound feed is fed when the small miscellaneous fish are scarce. Under the condition that the seawater temperature is not lower than 10°C in winter (the seawater temperature along the southern coast of Fujian Province can meet this condition), the above-mentioned pufferfish can survive the winter naturally in earthen ponds. Breeding until the winter of the second year, the average body weight can be listed in the commercial specification of 400g.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the implementation scope of the present invention. Equivalent changes and modifications made according to the technical solutions of the present invention and the contents of the description shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. form the method for Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fast, comprise the following steps: step 1, select annual February body weight be greater than the female Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer of 500g and bull Fugu rubripes be parent population in indoor water mud sump with mariculture, water temperature is at 12 ~ 20 DEG C, seawater salinity is about 22 ~ 28, and throw something and feed fresh oyster meat or the shrimp that shells promote that parent population sexual gland reaches full growth; Step 2, injects ocyodinic when water temperature naturally rises and reaches more than 20 DEG C in indoor water mud sump to parent population in spring, and the parent population after injection is put in indoor cement spawning pond, keeps environment quiet, two kinds of parent population sexual glands are synchronously reached maturity; Step 3, ovum artificial collection, carries out dry method of artificial fertilization and becomes prelarva with incubating oosperm; Step 4, carries out fry rearing, until fry specification more than average length 2.0cm by prelarva in indoor cement training seedling pond; Step 5, by cultivating in above-mentioned fry native pond in the open to Second Year winter, obtains the marketable fish of average weight at 400g.

2. the method forming Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fast according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 1, female Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer is 5:1 ~ 10:1 with the ratio of the quantity of bull Fugu rubripes.

3. the method forming Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fast according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the ocyodinic in described step 2 is the mixture of DOM, luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog, human chorionic gonadtropin three; Above-mentioned ocyodinic usage amount is every kilogram of raun DOM usage amount 1.0 ~ 2.5 milligrams, luteotropin releasing hormone d-ala analog usage amount 1.0 ~ 5.01 microgram, human chorionic gonadtropin usage amount 500 ~ 800 unit, and milter reduces by half or do not inject; Injection ocyodinic carried out injection effect inspection after 60 hours, did not reach sexually matured parent population and injected once according to the half of above-mentioned ocyodinic dosage again.

4. the method forming Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fast according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in described step 2, the injection site of ocyodinic is pectoral fin base portion, and inject time is 15:00 ~ 16:00 in the afternoon.

5. the method forming Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fast according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: in described step 3, incubating oosperm refers to and fertilized egg hatched with identical seawater with concentrating in hatching pail after clean with the seawater flushing of salinity with the seawater that aforementioned parent population cultivates; Hatching is inflated to seawater and seethes early stage, and the later stage slowly turns down aeration quantity, evenly can roll and do not sink to the bottom and be as the criterion with demersal egg in hatching pail; Strong illumination is avoided, seawater water temperature 18.0 ~ 22.4 DEG C, seawater salinity 22.1 ~ 28.6 during hatching; To repeatedly be separated with unfertilized egg, non-membrane ovum in time in the process that prelarva hatches; First stop the supple of gas or steam during each separation prelarva, be sunken at the bottom of hatching pail under making unfertilized egg and non-membrane ovum, prelarva, at the middle and upper levels, is with water to scoop out with bailer, moves people and train seedling pond by prelarva upstream gently.

6. the method forming Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fast according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: in described step 4 during fry rearing in the training seedling pond of filling seawater prelarva breeding density 2.5 ten thousand ~ 5.0 ten thousand tails/cubic meter water body, throw something and feed after prelarva initial feeding brachionus plicatilis, it is 5 ~ 10/mL that wheel animalcule throws in density; To the inflation of seawater trace, add water every day or change water once, ocean temperature remains on more than 18 DEG C; To 15 days after hatching, wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding, the cladocera and scratch sufficient class of throwing something and feeding for 12nd ~ 40 days, within the 32nd day, start to throw something and feed fish meat emulsion or flesh of fish group are until fry specification more than average length 2.0cm.

7. the method forming Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer fast according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: in described step 5 native pool cultivated time, native pool area 0.2 ~ 2hm ², the native pond maritime interior waters degree of depth 2.0 ~ 2.5m, breeding density is 1.5 ten thousand ~ 3.0 ten thousand tails/hm ², native pond maritime interior waters containing underlying biological bait, artitificial food based on fresh small fish, expanded seawater fish manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding when small fish lacks; When ocean temperature is not less than 10 DEG C in the winter time, above-mentioned Fugu Bimaculatus Puffer overwintering in native pond.