CN105052757A - Small-scale household ecological culture method - Google Patents
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- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 13
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 15
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/18—Greenhouses for treating plants with carbon dioxide or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/0047—Air-conditioning, e.g. ventilation, of animal housings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K31/00—Housing birds
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于农业养殖技术领域，尤其是涉及一种小型家用生态养殖方法。 The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural breeding, and in particular relates to a small-scale household ecological breeding method.
背景技术 Background technique
中国是一个农业大国，农业生产在国民生产中占据了重要的地位，随着现代科技的发展和进步，以及生产力水平发展的需要，迫切要求中国农业发展走现代化、科技化的道路。现代农业生产分类有种植业、养殖业等，一般不同种类的农业生产工作彼此独立，各不相干，肥料的施用、饲料的补给都是独立分开。现代农业肥料和饲料中都加入了大量的化学物质，这带来了植物和动物体内化学有害元素的日渐堆积，人们在食用这些动植物之后，容易导致各种疾病。因此近年来，天然肥料、饲料的应用逐渐受到人们的欢迎，但这些肥料、饲料制作成本较高，带来了动植物产品价格的大幅上涨，超出了普通人的承受范围。 China is a large agricultural country, and agricultural production occupies an important position in national production. With the development and progress of modern science and technology, as well as the needs of the development of productivity levels, it is urgently required that China's agricultural development take the road of modernization and technology. The classification of modern agricultural production includes planting industry, breeding industry, etc. Generally, different types of agricultural production work are independent of each other, and they are irrelevant. The application of fertilizers and the supply of feed are independent. A large number of chemical substances are added to modern agricultural fertilizers and feeds, which brings about the accumulation of chemical harmful elements in plants and animals. After people eat these animals and plants, it is easy to cause various diseases. Therefore, in recent years, the application of natural fertilizers and feeds has gradually been welcomed by people. However, the production costs of these fertilizers and feeds are relatively high, which has brought about a sharp increase in the prices of animal and plant products, which is beyond the tolerance of ordinary people.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
为解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种小型家用生态养殖方法，将原本独立的种植系统和养殖系统加以关联结合，充分利用动植物自然产生的物质来进行养分补给。 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a small-scale household ecological breeding method, which combines the originally independent planting system and breeding system, and makes full use of the naturally produced substances of animals and plants for nutrient supply.
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案： In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
本发明还提供了一种小型家用生态养殖方法，包括如下步骤： The present invention also provides a small-scale household ecological breeding method, comprising the steps of:
饲养区内畜禽进行饲料补给后产生粪便； Feces are produced by livestock and poultry in the feeding area after feeding;
驱动第一驱赶板将饲养室内畜禽驱赶至饲养室一边后，将饲养室底部活动底板打开，打开饲养室顶部高压水排，电机驱动高压水排在滑轨上移动，高压水排对活动底板进行冲洗，冲洗完后驱动第二驱赶板将饲养室内畜禽驱赶至饲养室另一边，移动高压水排运动至饲养室另一边后反向移动进行冲洗； After driving the first driving board to drive the livestock and poultry in the breeding room to one side of the breeding room, open the movable floor at the bottom of the breeding room, and open the high-pressure water drain on the top of the breeding room. After washing, drive the second driving board to drive the livestock and poultry in the breeding room to the other side of the breeding room, move the high-pressure water row to the other side of the breeding room, and then move in reverse to wash;
自活动底板留下的污水进入肥水收集分斗中； The sewage left from the movable bottom plate enters the fertilizer and water collection bucket;
各肥水收集分斗中的污水汇集进入肥水收集室； The sewage in each fertilizer and water collection bucket is collected into the fertilizer and water collection room;
所述肥水收集室中的肥水进入发酵池中； The fertilizer water in the fertilizer water collection chamber enters the fermentation tank;
发酵池中的肥水加入EM菌进行发酵； Add EM bacteria to the fertilizer water in the fermentation tank for fermentation;
经过发酵池发酵后的水进入过滤池过滤； The water fermented in the fermentation tank enters the filter tank for filtration;
过滤后的水通过管道输送至叶面浇灌装置中，叶面浇灌装置对种植区内植物进行叶面浇灌； The filtered water is transported to the leaf watering device through the pipeline, and the leaf watering device performs leaf watering on the plants in the planting area;
从肥水收集室和/或发酵池中抽取水后输送至根系浇灌装置中，根系浇灌装置对种植区内植物进行根系灌溉。 The water is extracted from the fertilizer and water collection chamber and/or the fermentation tank and then transported to the root watering device, and the root watering device performs root irrigation on the plants in the planting area.
进一步的，高氧抽风装置从种植区抽取空气输送至高氧送风装置，高氧送风装置将氧气含量较高的空气吹送至各饲养室中； Further, the high-oxygen air extraction device draws air from the planting area and delivers it to the high-oxygen air supply device, and the high-oxygen air supply device blows air with higher oxygen content to each breeding room;
高碳抽风装置从各饲养室抽取空气输送至高碳送风装置，高碳送风装置将空气吹送至种植区中。 The high-carbon air extraction device extracts air from each breeding room and transports it to the high-carbon air supply device, and the high-carbon air supply device blows the air to the planting area.
进一步的，所述高氧抽风装置、高氧送风装置、高碳抽风装置、高碳送风装置在白天运行。 Further, the high-oxygen ventilation device, high-oxygen ventilation device, high-carbon ventilation device, and high-carbon ventilation device operate during the day.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点和有益效果： Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
通过将动物在饲养室中来回驱赶后腾出空间，利用高压水排将养殖动物过程中产生的粪便和饲料残留物用水冲洗后产生肥水，肥水可直接利用进行植物种植根系灌溉，也可以经过EM菌发酵后再进行根系灌溉，富含植物所需的各种养分。此外，饲养区和种植区实现了空气循环，能够将种植区中较为丰富的氧气输送至饲养区中，提高动物活力，动物产生的二氧化碳被输送至种植区中便于植物日间吸收利用。 After driving the animals back and forth in the breeding room to make room, the feces and feed residues produced in the process of breeding animals are washed with water by high-pressure water drainage to generate fertilizer and water. The fertilizer and water can be directly used for root irrigation of plant planting, or can be passed through EM The root system is irrigated after bacterial fermentation, which is rich in various nutrients needed by plants. In addition, the feeding area and the planting area realize air circulation, which can transport the relatively abundant oxygen in the planting area to the feeding area to improve the vitality of the animals, and the carbon dioxide produced by the animals is transported to the planting area to facilitate the absorption and utilization of plants during the day.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下将结合具体实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细说明，应理解下述具体实施方式仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。 The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
本发明提供了一种小型家用生态养殖方法，基于以下养殖系统实现，养殖系统包括包括饲养室1和种植区2，饲养室1下部具有格栅101，底部具有两扇活动底板103，两扇活动底板103的一端均与饲养室底部活动连接，活动底板与电机连接，电机驱动活动底板另一端开闭。作为优选，活动底板103另一端通过电子锁与饲养室底部连接，只有打开电子锁时，活动底板才能够被电机驱动，相当于双重保险。 The present invention provides a small-scale household ecological breeding method, which is realized based on the following breeding system. The breeding system includes a breeding room 1 and a planting area 2. The lower part of the breeding room 1 has a grid 101, and the bottom has two movable bottom plates 103. The two movable One end of base plate 103 is all movably connected with the bottom of the breeding room, and the movable base plate is connected with a motor, and the motor drives the other end of the movable base plate to open and close. As preferably, the other end of the movable bottom plate 103 is connected to the bottom of the breeding room through an electronic lock, and only when the electronic lock is opened, the movable bottom plate can be driven by the motor, which is equivalent to double insurance.
饲养室101内两侧具有两扇驱赶板106，驱赶板106通过电机驱动。驱赶板长度与饲养室一面墙体几乎相等，驱动驱赶板移动时，可将畜禽驱赶至饲养室另一侧。两扇彼此相对的驱赶板设置可以将饲养室内动物驱赶至饲养室的这一端或那一端。 Both sides in the breeding room 101 have two fans to drive away the boards 106, and the boards 106 are driven by a motor. The length of the driving plate is almost equal to that of one wall of the breeding room. When the driving plate is driven to move, the livestock and poultry can be driven to the other side of the breeding room. The setting of two driving boards facing each other can drive the animals in the keeping room to this or that end of the keeping room.
饲养室101顶部设有高压水排104，水排上设有一排高压水喷头，饲养室顶部还设有两条滑轨105，高压水排104在电机驱动下能够沿滑轨105来回移动。高压水排能够将饲养室内的格栅和活动底板冲洗干净。 Breeding room 101 top is provided with high-pressure water row 104, and water row is provided with a row of high-pressure water nozzles, and breeding room top is also provided with two slide rails 105, and high-pressure water row 104 can move back and forth along slide rail 105 under motor drive. The high-pressure water drainage can clean the grille and movable floor in the breeding room.
饲养室101下方设有肥水收集分斗3，肥水收集分斗3通过管道与肥水收集室4连接，肥水收集室4与发酵池5相连，发酵池5与多级过滤池6相连。发酵池内添加EM菌群，多级过滤池可以设置多层砂石过滤层601、多层核桃壳过滤层602、多层纤维过滤层603，这样经过多级过滤之后，能够输送出较为洁净的水分。 Below the breeding room 101 is provided with a fertilizer and water collection bucket 3, which is connected to the fertilizer and water collection chamber 4 through pipelines, the fertilizer and water collection chamber 4 is connected to the fermentation tank 5, and the fermentation tank 5 is connected to the multi-stage filter tank 6. Add EM flora in the fermentation tank, and the multi-stage filter tank can be equipped with multi-layer sand filter layer 601, multi-layer walnut shell filter layer 602, and multi-layer fiber filter layer 603, so that after multi-stage filtration, it can deliver relatively clean water .
种植区2包括种植室，种植室顶部封闭，内部设有根系浇灌装置和叶面浇灌装置，根系浇灌装置包括根系供水总管203以及与供水总管相连的若干埋设在土壤中的输水管204，输水管上开有若干滴灌孔，输水管应根据植物种植区域进行埋设，埋设尽量均匀，输水管能够向种植室土壤中输送肥水，在试验中我们发现，经过EM菌部分发酵或全发酵后的肥水营养效果更好，因此，可定期抽取发酵池中的肥水输送入根系浇灌装置中对植物进行灌溉。EM菌可以有效遏制有害菌生长，利于有益菌繁殖，减少致病病菌的含量，显著提高水体水质，富含微生物和细菌的肥水也能够提高EM菌的作用速度；经过EM菌发酵后的水经过多次过滤后变成较为洁净的水，用于植物叶面浇灌，令植物叶面保持洁净，提升植物品相。叶面浇灌装置202包括叶面供水总管205以及与叶面供水总管相连的若干架设在空中的喷淋管206，喷淋管上设有若干喷淋头。叶面供水总管由多级过滤池供给较为洁净的水，根系供水总管通过管道与肥水收集室和/或发酵池相连，供给叶面供水总管和根系供水总管的水都可通过水泵进行抽送，水泵可设置在肥水收集室、发酵池内。 The planting area 2 includes a planting room, the top of the planting room is closed, and a root watering device and a foliage watering device are arranged inside. The root watering device includes a root water supply main pipe 203 and several water delivery pipes 204 buried in the soil connected with the water supply main pipe. There are several drip irrigation holes on the top, and the water delivery pipe should be buried according to the planting area. The burial should be as uniform as possible. The water delivery pipe can transport fertilizer and water to the soil in the planting room. In the test, we found that the fertilizer and water nutrition after partial or full fermentation of EM bacteria The effect is better. Therefore, the fertilizer and water in the fermentation tank can be regularly extracted and transported into the root watering device to irrigate the plants. EM bacteria can effectively curb the growth of harmful bacteria, facilitate the reproduction of beneficial bacteria, reduce the content of pathogenic bacteria, and significantly improve the water quality. Fertilizer water rich in microorganisms and bacteria can also increase the action speed of EM bacteria; the water fermented by EM bacteria passes through After repeated filtration, it becomes relatively clean water, which is used for watering the leaves of plants, so as to keep the leaves of plants clean and improve the appearance of plants. The foliage watering device 202 includes a foliage water supply main pipe 205 and several sprinkler pipes 206 erected in the air connected with the foliage water supply main pipe, and several spray heads are arranged on the spray pipe. The foliage water supply main pipe is supplied with relatively clean water by a multi-stage filter tank. The root water supply main pipe is connected with the fertilizer and water collection chamber and/or the fermentation tank through pipelines. The water supplied to the leaf surface water supply main pipe and the root water supply main pipe can be pumped by a water pump. It can be installed in the fertilizer and water collection room and fermentation tank.
种植区内设有高氧抽风装置7，饲养区各饲养室内设有高氧送风装置8，高氧抽风装置出风口通过管道与高氧送风装置相连；高氧抽风装置处应设置氧气含量传感器12，氧气含量传感器与单片机相连，单片机能够控制高氧抽风装置的启停，只有当氧气含量超过预先设定的阈值时，高氧抽风装置才开始工作。各饲养室下部设有高碳抽风装置9，联合种植区内设有高碳送风装置10，高碳抽风装置出风口通过管道与高碳送风装置相连。高碳抽风装置处应设置二氧化碳含量传感器13，二氧化碳含量传感器与单片机相连，单片机能够控制高碳抽风装置的启停，只有当二氧化碳含量超过预先设定的阈值时，高碳抽风装置才开始工作。 The planting area is provided with a high-oxygen ventilation device 7, and each breeding room in the breeding area is provided with a high-oxygen ventilation device 8, and the outlet of the high-oxygen ventilation device is connected with the high-oxygen ventilation device through a pipeline; Sensor 12, the oxygen content sensor is connected with the single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer can control the start and stop of the high-oxygen ventilation device, and only when the oxygen content exceeds a preset threshold value, the high-oxygen ventilation device just starts working. The lower part of each breeding room is provided with a high-carbon exhaust device 9, and a high-carbon air supply device 10 is provided in the joint planting area, and the high-carbon exhaust device air outlet is connected with the high-carbon air supply device through a pipeline. A carbon dioxide content sensor 13 should be installed at the high-carbon ventilation device. The carbon dioxide content sensor is connected to a single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer can control the start and stop of the high-carbon ventilation device. Only when the carbon dioxide content exceeds a preset threshold value, the high-carbon ventilation device starts to work.
基于上述系统的小型家用生态养殖方法，包括如下步骤： The small-scale household ecological breeding method based on the above-mentioned system comprises the steps:
饲养区内畜禽进行饲料补给后产生粪便； Feces are produced by livestock and poultry in the feeding area after feeding;
驱动第一驱赶板将饲养室内畜禽驱赶至饲养室一边后，将饲养室底部活动底板打开，打开饲养室顶部高压水排，电机驱动高压水排在滑轨上移动，高压水排对活动底板进行冲洗，冲洗完后驱动第二驱赶板将饲养室内畜禽驱赶至饲养室另一边，移动高压水排运动至饲养室另一边后反向移动进行冲洗； After driving the first driving board to drive the livestock and poultry in the breeding room to one side of the breeding room, open the movable floor at the bottom of the breeding room, and open the high-pressure water drain on the top of the breeding room. After washing, drive the second driving board to drive the livestock and poultry in the breeding room to the other side of the breeding room, move the high-pressure water row to the other side of the breeding room, and then move in reverse to wash;
自活动底板留下的污水进入肥水收集分斗中； The sewage left from the movable bottom plate enters the fertilizer and water collection bucket;
各肥水收集分斗中的污水汇集进入肥水收集室； The sewage in each fertilizer and water collection bucket is collected into the fertilizer and water collection room;
肥水收集室中的肥水进入发酵池中； The fertilizer water in the fertilizer water collection chamber enters the fermentation tank;
发酵池中的肥水加入EM菌进行发酵； Add EM bacteria to the fertilizer water in the fermentation tank for fermentation;
经过发酵池发酵后的水进入过滤池过滤； The water fermented in the fermentation tank enters the filter tank for filtration;
过滤后的水通过管道输送至叶面浇灌装置中，叶面浇灌装置对种植区内植物进行叶面浇灌； The filtered water is transported to the leaf watering device through the pipeline, and the leaf watering device performs leaf watering on the plants in the planting area;
从肥水收集室和/或发酵池中抽取水后输送至根系浇灌装置中，根系浇灌装置对种植区内植物进行根系灌溉。 The water is extracted from the fertilizer and water collection chamber and/or the fermentation tank and then transported to the root watering device, and the root watering device performs root irrigation on the plants in the planting area.
进一步的，高氧抽风装置从种植区抽取空气输送至高氧送风装置，高氧送风装置将氧气含量较高的空气吹送至各饲养室中； Further, the high-oxygen air extraction device draws air from the planting area and delivers it to the high-oxygen air supply device, and the high-oxygen air supply device blows air with higher oxygen content to each breeding room;
高碳抽风装置从各饲养室抽取空气输送至高碳送风装置，高碳送风装置将空气吹送至种植区中。 The high-carbon air extraction device extracts air from each breeding room and transports it to the high-carbon air supply device, and the high-carbon air supply device blows the air to the planting area.
进一步的，高氧抽风装置、高氧送风装置、高碳抽风装置、高碳送风装置在白天运行。 Further, the high-oxygen ventilation device, the high-oxygen ventilation device, the high-carbon ventilation device, and the high-carbon ventilation device operate during the day.
本发明方案所公开的技术手段不仅限于上述实施方式所公开的技术手段，还包括由以上技术特征任意组合所组成的技术方案。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。 The technical means disclosed in the solutions of the present invention are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include technical solutions composed of any combination of the above technical features. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications are also regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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