CN105043278B - A kind of method of contactless multimetering bore inner diameter - Google Patents
A kind of method of contactless multimetering bore inner diameter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及几何量测量领域，特别是涉及一种非接触式多点测量圆孔内径的方法。The invention relates to the field of geometric quantity measurement, in particular to a non-contact multi-point method for measuring the inner diameter of a circular hole.
背景技术Background technique
随着我国工业制造业的快速发展，精密测量设备在工业制造过程中的作用变得愈发重要，航空航天、造船造舰、发动机和涡轮机等领域都需要几何量测量技术作为有效支撑。每当需要在制造现场测量工件时，几乎都会面对工件内孔直径的在机测量问题。传统的内孔直径测量方法，主要有：千分尺、万能测长仪、阿贝测长仪、百分表。这些方法大多需要人工手动测量，测量效率低且引入人为误差，难以实现自动化。此外，新型的测量方法也有很多，目前主要有：气动量仪、三坐标测量机和影像测量仪等。然而，三坐标测量机和影像测量仪无法实现在机检测，搬运工件需要耗费大量工时，不利于提高生产效率。气动量仪虽然可以实现在机测量，但需要人工手动操作，测量效率低。更重要的是，由于工作距的限制，量具容易与被测件发生碰撞，造成损坏。With the rapid development of my country's industrial manufacturing industry, the role of precision measuring equipment in the industrial manufacturing process has become more and more important. Aerospace, shipbuilding, engines and turbines and other fields require geometric measurement technology as an effective support. Whenever it is necessary to measure a workpiece at the manufacturing site, the problem of on-machine measurement of the diameter of the inner hole of the workpiece is almost always faced. The traditional methods for measuring the diameter of the inner hole mainly include: micrometer, universal length measuring instrument, Abbe length measuring instrument, and dial indicator. Most of these methods require manual measurement, the measurement efficiency is low and human error is introduced, and it is difficult to realize automation. In addition, there are many new measurement methods, currently mainly include: pneumatic measuring instrument, three-coordinate measuring machine and image measuring instrument, etc. However, three-coordinate measuring machines and image measuring instruments cannot realize on-machine inspection, and it takes a lot of man-hours to move workpieces, which is not conducive to improving production efficiency. Although the pneumatic measuring instrument can realize on-machine measurement, it requires manual operation and the measurement efficiency is low. More importantly, due to the limitation of the working distance, the measuring tool is easy to collide with the tested part, causing damage.
圆孔内径的在机、精密、自动化测量问题，一直是我国工业制造领域的难题。综合以上背景，主要存在以下几个难点：The on-machine, precise and automatic measurement of the inner diameter of round holes has always been a difficult problem in the field of industrial manufacturing in my country. Based on the above background, there are mainly the following difficulties:
1、测量仪器的操作问题：孔径测量由于受空间和被测量的限制，无法像外尺寸测量那样只在外部简单安装就能测量，很难实现自动化。1. The operation problem of the measuring instrument: due to the limitation of the space and the measured object, the aperture measurement cannot be measured by simple installation on the outside like the external dimension measurement, and it is difficult to realize automation.
2、测量精度的问题：如何实现圆孔内径的精密测量，一直是亟待解决的问题。2. The problem of measurement accuracy: How to realize the precise measurement of the inner diameter of the circular hole has always been an urgent problem to be solved.
3、关于测量效率的问题。在机测量可以节约加工工时，但是仍然存在测量方法的快速性问题。传统的在机测量手段，大多采用人工手动测量。测量效率低，信息量不足，人为因素影响较大。因此，寻求快速有效的孔径测量方法具有重大的现实意义。3. Questions about measurement efficiency. On-machine measurement can save processing man-hours, but there is still the problem of the rapidity of the measurement method. Most of the traditional on-machine measurement methods use manual measurement. The measurement efficiency is low, the amount of information is insufficient, and the influence of human factors is relatively large. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to seek a fast and effective aperture measurement method.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供了一种非接触式多点测量圆孔内径的方法，本发明采用定值比较测量方式，能够快速准确地测出圆孔内径，详见下文描述：The present invention provides a non-contact multi-point method for measuring the inner diameter of a circular hole. The present invention adopts a fixed value comparison measurement method, which can quickly and accurately measure the inner diameter of a circular hole. See the following description for details:
一种非接触式多点测量圆孔内径的方法，所述测量圆孔内径的方法包括以下步骤：A method for non-contact multi-point measurement of the inner diameter of a circular hole, the method for measuring the inner diameter of a circular hole comprises the following steps:
构建三传感器定值比较测量头；Build a three-sensor fixed value comparison measuring head;
对激光位移传感器的测量光轴进行调整，分别满足第一测量前和测量时的预设条件；Adjust the measurement optical axis of the laser displacement sensor to meet the preset conditions before the first measurement and during the measurement respectively;
被测圆孔为所构建三角形的外接圆，根据外接三角形公式获取被测圆孔的半径。The measured circular hole is the circumcircle of the constructed triangle, and the radius of the measured circular hole is obtained according to the circumscribed triangle formula.
其中，所述三传感器定值比较测量头包括：测量头底面固定盘，所述测量头底面固定盘上设置有测量头中轴，所述测量头中轴上套接有角度和量程调节盘，所述角度和量程调节盘上设置有固定和调节孔，所述测量头中轴上设置有三个传感器固定架，所述传感器固定架上安装有激光位移传感器，所述激光位移传感器上设置有传感器固定和调节螺丝。Wherein, the three-sensor fixed-value comparison measuring head includes: a fixed plate on the bottom surface of the measuring head, a central axis of the measuring head is arranged on the fixed plate on the bottom surface of the measuring head, and an angle and range adjustment plate is sleeved on the central axis of the measuring head, The angle and range adjustment disk is provided with fixing and adjustment holes, and the central axis of the measuring head is provided with three sensor holders, and a laser displacement sensor is installed on the sensor holder, and a sensor is arranged on the laser displacement sensor. Fixing and adjusting screws.
其中，所述测量头中轴的顶部设置有测量头中轴接头，所述测量头中轴接头连接有测量头连接杆，所述测量头连接杆用于与机床主轴连接；所述测量头中轴的侧壁上设置有数据和电源线通孔。Wherein, the top of the central axis of the measuring head is provided with a joint of the central axis of the measuring head, and the joint of the central axis of the measuring head is connected with a connecting rod of the measuring head, and the connecting rod of the measuring head is used for connecting with the main shaft of the machine tool; Through holes for data and power lines are arranged on the side wall of the shaft.
进一步地，所述激光位移传感器上设置有调节盘连接螺丝；所述激光位移传感器为激光三角法测位移传感器。Further, the laser displacement sensor is provided with an adjusting disc connecting screw; the laser displacement sensor is a displacement sensor by laser triangulation.
进一步地，所述第一测量前预设条件为：分别调整三个激光位移传感器的测量光轴，使三条测量光轴在同一平面上，且三条测量光轴的延长线交于一点，三条测量光轴两两之间的夹角为120°；所述第一测量时预设条件为：将三传感器定值比较测量头置于圆孔内部任意位置，调整三传感器定值比较测量头，使三条测量光轴位于圆孔的正截面上，以被测圆孔的圆心为坐标原点，构建X-Y坐标轴。Further, the preset condition before the first measurement is: respectively adjust the measurement optical axes of the three laser displacement sensors so that the three measurement optical axes are on the same plane, and the extension lines of the three measurement optical axes intersect at one point, and the three measurement optical axes The angle between the two optical axes is 120°; the preset condition for the first measurement is: place the three-sensor fixed-value comparison measuring head at any position inside the circular hole, adjust the three-sensor fixed-value comparison measuring head, so that The three measurement optical axes are located on the positive section of the circular hole, and the X-Y coordinate axis is constructed with the center of the measured circular hole as the coordinate origin.
另一实施例，一种非接触式多点测量圆孔内径的方法，所述测量圆孔内径的方法包括以下步骤：In another embodiment, a non-contact multi-point method for measuring the inner diameter of a circular hole, the method for measuring the inner diameter of a circular hole includes the following steps:
构建四传感器定值比较测量头；Build a four-sensor fixed value comparison measuring head;
对激光位移传感器的测量光轴进行调整，分别满足第二测量前和测量时的预设条件；Adjusting the measurement optical axis of the laser displacement sensor to meet the preset conditions before and during the second measurement respectively;
获取被测圆孔的半径。Get the radius of the measured circular hole.
其中，所述四传感器定值比较测量头包括：测量头底面固定盘，Wherein, the four-sensor fixed-value comparison measuring head includes: a fixed plate on the bottom surface of the measuring head,
所述测量头底面固定盘上设置有测量头中轴，所述测量头中轴上套接有角度和量程调节盘，所述角度和量程调节盘上设置有固定和调节孔，所述测量头中轴上设置有四个传感器固定架，所述传感器固定架上安装有激光位移传感器，所述激光位移传感器上设置有传感器固定和调节螺丝。The fixed plate on the bottom surface of the measuring head is provided with a central axis of the measuring head, and an angle and range adjusting disc is sleeved on the central axis of the measuring head. The angle and measuring range adjusting plate is provided with fixing and adjusting holes, and the measuring head Four sensor fixing frames are arranged on the central axis, and laser displacement sensors are installed on the sensor fixing frames, and sensor fixing and adjusting screws are arranged on the laser displacement sensors.
其中，所述测量头中轴的顶部设置有测量头中轴接头，所述测量头中轴接头连接有测量头连接杆，所述测量头连接杆用于与机床主轴连接；所述测量头中轴的侧壁上设置有数据和电源线通孔。Wherein, the top of the central axis of the measuring head is provided with a joint of the central axis of the measuring head, and the joint of the central axis of the measuring head is connected with a connecting rod of the measuring head, and the connecting rod of the measuring head is used for connecting with the main shaft of the machine tool; Through holes for data and power lines are arranged on the side wall of the shaft.
进一步地，所述激光位移传感器上设置有调节盘连接螺丝；所述激光位移传感器为激光三角法测位移传感器。Further, the laser displacement sensor is provided with an adjusting disc connecting screw; the laser displacement sensor is a displacement sensor by laser triangulation.
进一步地，所述第二测量前预设条件为：分别调整四个激光位移传感器的测量光轴，使得四条测量光轴在同一平面上，且四条测量光轴的延长线交于一点，相邻的两条测量光轴夹角为90°，且相对的两条测量光轴在一条直线上；Further, the preset condition before the second measurement is: respectively adjust the measurement optical axes of the four laser displacement sensors, so that the four measurement optical axes are on the same plane, and the extension lines of the four measurement optical axes intersect at one point and are adjacent to each other. The angle between the two measurement optical axes is 90°, and the two relative measurement optical axes are on a straight line;
所述第一测量时预设条件为：将四传感器定值比较测量头置于圆孔内部任意位置，调整四传感器定值比较测量头，使四条测量光轴所在的平面位于圆孔的正截面上，以被测圆孔的圆心为坐标原点，构建X-Y坐标轴。The preset condition for the first measurement is: place the four-sensor fixed-value comparison measuring head at any position inside the round hole, adjust the four-sensor fixed-value comparison measuring head so that the plane where the four measuring optical axes are located is located in the positive section of the round hole On the above, the X-Y coordinate axis is constructed with the center of the measured circular hole as the coordinate origin.
本发明提供的技术方案的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by the invention are:
1、测量安全性：接触式测量一般要求操作人员位于测量要素附近操作、读数或引导，很难实现自动测量。本方法采用的是非接触式定值比较测量法，非接触测量头远离被测物表面，提高了测量的安全性。1. Measurement safety: contact measurement generally requires the operator to operate, read or guide near the measurement elements, and it is difficult to realize automatic measurement. The method adopts a non-contact fixed value comparison measurement method, and the non-contact measuring head is far away from the surface of the measured object, thereby improving the safety of the measurement.
2、测量精确性：采用高精度激光位移传感器，能够快速、精确地测出被测物到传感器的距离；采用定值比较测量法，大大减少了误差链，有利于提高测量精度。2. Measurement accuracy: the high-precision laser displacement sensor can quickly and accurately measure the distance from the measured object to the sensor; the fixed value comparison measurement method greatly reduces the error chain and is conducive to improving measurement accuracy.
3、操作便利性：本方法测量工件内孔孔径时，只要将测量头置于被测孔径内即可。无需对心、调整等操作，大大提高了测量效率。3. Ease of operation: When measuring the inner diameter of the workpiece with this method, you only need to place the measuring head in the measured aperture. There is no need for operations such as centering and adjustment, which greatly improves the measurement efficiency.
4、可实现在机测量：将非接触测量头安装在机床上，利用机床自身的运动执行机构，可实现在机精密测量。4. On-machine measurement can be realized: install the non-contact measuring head on the machine tool, and use the motion actuator of the machine tool itself to realize on-machine precision measurement.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为三传感器定值比较测量头的结构图；Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a measurement head for comparison of fixed values of three sensors;
图2为激光位移传感器测量头中轴结构图；Figure 2 is a structural diagram of the central axis of the measuring head of the laser displacement sensor;
图3为激光位移传感器与固定架组合图；Fig. 3 is a combination diagram of the laser displacement sensor and the fixing frame;
图4为三点测量圆孔直径的测量模型图；Fig. 4 is the measuring model diagram of three-point measuring circular hole diameter;
图5为四传感器定值比较测量头的结构图；Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of a four-sensor fixed value comparison measuring head;
图6为四传感器测量头底部拆解结构图；Figure 6 is a disassembled structural diagram of the bottom of the four-sensor measuring head;
图7为四点测量圆孔直径的测量模型图。Fig. 7 is a measurement model diagram for measuring the diameter of a circular hole at four points.
附图中所列部件列表如下所示：The list of parts listed in the attached drawings is as follows:
1、测量头连接杆； 2、角度和量程调节盘；1. Measuring head connecting rod; 2. Angle and range adjustment dial;
3、固定和调节孔； 4、传感器固定和调节螺丝；3. Fixing and adjusting holes; 4. Sensor fixing and adjusting screws;
5、激光位移传感器； 6、传感器固定架；5. Laser displacement sensor; 6. Sensor fixing frame;
7、测量头底面固定盘； 8、测量头中轴；7. The fixed plate on the bottom surface of the measuring head; 8. The central axis of the measuring head;
9、测量头中轴接头； 10、数据和电源线通孔；9. Axis connector of the measuring head; 10. Through holes for data and power lines;
11、激光光束； 12、调节盘连接螺丝。11. Laser beam; 12. Adjustment disc connecting screw.
具体实施方式detailed description
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明实施方式作进一步地详细描述。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the implementation manner of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例1Example 1
一种非接触式多点测量圆孔内径的方法，参见图1、图2、图3和图4，该测量圆孔内径的方法包括以下步骤：A method for non-contact multi-point measurement of the inner diameter of a circular hole, see Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4, the method for measuring the inner diameter of a circular hole comprises the following steps:
101：构建三传感器定值比较测量头；101: Build a three-sensor fixed value comparison measuring head;
参见图1和图2，三传感器定值比较测量头包括：测量头底面固定盘7，测量头底面固定盘7上设置有测量头中轴8，测量头中轴8上套接有角度和量程调节盘2，角度和量程调节盘2上设置有固定和调节孔3，测量头中轴8上设置有三个传感器固定架6，传感器固定架6上安装有激光位移传感器5，激光位移传感器5上设置有传感器固定和调节螺丝4。Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the three-sensor fixed value comparison measuring head includes: the fixed plate 7 on the bottom surface of the measuring head, the fixed plate 7 on the bottom surface of the measuring head is provided with the central axis 8 of the measuring head, and the central axis 8 of the measuring head is sleeved with angle and range Adjustment disc 2, angle and range adjustment disc 2 is provided with fixing and adjustment holes 3, three sensor holders 6 are provided on the central axis 8 of the measuring head, laser displacement sensors 5 are installed on sensor holders 6, laser displacement sensors 5 are Sensor fixing and adjusting screws 4 are provided.
参见图2，测量头中轴8的顶部设置有测量头中轴接头9，测量头中轴接头9连接有测量头连接杆1，测量头连接杆1用于与机床主轴连接；测量头中轴8的侧壁上设置有数据和电源线通孔10。Referring to Fig. 2, the top of the measuring head axis 8 is provided with the measuring head axis joint 9, the measuring head axis joint 9 is connected with the measuring head connecting rod 1, and the measuring head connecting rod 1 is used to connect with the main shaft of the machine tool; the measuring head axis Data and power line through holes 10 are arranged on the side wall of 8 .
参见图3，激光位移传感器5上设置有调节盘连接螺丝12，激光位移传感器5发射激光光束11。Referring to FIG. 3 , the laser displacement sensor 5 is provided with an adjusting disc connection screw 12 , and the laser displacement sensor 5 emits a laser beam 11 .
其中，激光位移传感器优选激光三角法测位移传感器。Among them, the laser displacement sensor is preferably a laser triangulation displacement sensor.
102：对激光位移传感器的测量光轴进行调整，分别满足第一测量前和测量时的预设条件；102: Adjust the measurement optical axis of the laser displacement sensor to meet the preset conditions before the first measurement and during the measurement respectively;
参见图4，测量前，分别调整三个激光位移传感器5的测量光轴(P1A、P2B和P3C)，使得三条测量光轴在同一平面上，且三条测量光轴的延长线交于一点O(即O点表示三个激光位移传感器测量光轴的中心)，三条测量光轴两两之间的夹角为120°(即P1A和P2B之间的夹角为120°；P1A和P3C之间的夹角为120°；P2B和P3C之间的夹角为120°)。Referring to Fig. 4, before measurement, adjust the measurement optical axes (P 1 A, P 2 B and P 3 C) of the three laser displacement sensors 5 respectively, so that the three measurement optical axes are on the same plane, and the extension of the three measurement optical axes The lines intersect at a point O (that is, point O represents the center of the measurement optical axis of the three laser displacement sensors), and the angle between the three measurement optical axes is 120° (that is, the angle between P 1 A and P 2 B is 120°; the angle between P 1 A and P 3 C is 120°; the angle between P 2 B and P 3 C is 120°).
参见图4，设被测圆孔的圆心是O1点，并以O1点为原点，建立X-Y坐标轴。测量时，将三传感器定值比较测量头置于被测圆孔内部任意位置，调整三传感器定值比较测量头， 使三条测量光轴(P1A、P2B和P3C)位于被测圆孔的正截面上，此时，O1点为被测圆孔的圆心。Referring to Fig. 4, it is assumed that the center of the circular hole to be measured is O 1 point, and the XY coordinate axis is established with O 1 point as the origin. When measuring, place the three-sensor fixed value comparison measuring head at any position inside the measured circular hole, adjust the three-sensor fixed value comparison measuring head so that the three measurement optical axes (P 1 A, P 2 B and P 3 C) are located On the front section of the measured circular hole, at this time, O1 point is the center of the measured circular hole.
103：被测圆孔为三角形ABC的外接圆，根据外接三角形公式获取被测圆孔的半径。103: The measured circular hole is the circumcircle of the triangle ABC, and the radius of the measured circular hole is obtained according to the circumscribed triangle formula.
参见图4，测量光轴P1A、P2B和P3C中的P1、P2和P3分别表示三个激光位移传感器的测量起点；A、B和C分别表示激光光束11射在被测圆孔上的测量点；测量光轴P1A、P2B和P3C也分别表示为三个激光位移传感器的测量值。OP1、OP2和OP3分别表示为三个激光位移传感器的量程起始点到三条测量光束交点的距离，可以通过标定(通过多次测量已知内径的圆孔，可以反求OP1、OP2和OP3的长度)得到，即OP1、OP2和OP3已知。Referring to Fig. 4, P 1 , P 2 and P 3 in the measurement optical axes P 1 A, P 2 B and P 3 C respectively represent the measurement starting points of the three laser displacement sensors; The measurement points on the measured circular hole; the measurement optical axes P 1 A, P 2 B and P 3 C are also respectively expressed as the measured values of the three laser displacement sensors. OP 1 , OP 2 and OP 3 represent the distances from the starting point of the measuring range of the three laser displacement sensors to the intersection point of the three measuring beams, which can be calibrated (by measuring a circular hole with known inner diameter multiple times, OP 1 , OP 2 and the length of OP 3 ), that is, OP 1 , OP 2 and OP 3 are known.
设被测圆孔的半径为R，S为三角形的面积，根据外接三角形公式可确定被测圆孔的半径：Let the radius of the measured circular hole be R, and S be the area of the triangle, and the radius of the measured circular hole can be determined according to the circumscribed triangle formula:
根据海伦公式：According to Heron's formula:
有：have:
根据余弦定理，有：According to the law of cosines, there are:
同理：In the same way:
因为：because:
其中，OA、OB、OC是测量点A、B、C到测量光轴的延长线交点O的距离。因此，被测圆孔的半径R可求。Among them, OA, OB, OC are the distances from the measurement points A, B, C to the intersection point O of the extension line of the measurement optical axis. Therefore, the radius R of the measured circular hole can be calculated.
实际工作时，首先将测量头连接杆1安装在具有平动功能的机构上，形成一套完整的测量系统，并将三传感器定值比较测量头置于被测圆孔内部，三条测量光轴(P1A、P2B和P3C)位于圆孔的正截面上，即可得到被测圆孔的半径测量值，整个测量过程简单、快捷。通过本发明实施例构建的三传感器定值比较测量头，以及测量方法可以高精度的获取到被测圆孔的半径。In actual work, first install the connecting rod 1 of the measuring head on a mechanism with a translation function to form a complete set of measuring system, and place the three-sensor fixed value comparison measuring head inside the round hole to be measured, and the three measuring optical axes (P 1 A, P 2 B and P 3 C) are located on the positive cross-section of the circular hole, and the measured value of the radius of the circular hole to be measured can be obtained. The whole measurement process is simple and fast. The three-sensor fixed value comparison measuring head constructed by the embodiment of the present invention and the measuring method can obtain the radius of the measured circular hole with high precision.
实施例2Example 2
一种非接触式多点测量圆孔内径的方法，参见图2、图3、图5、图6和图7，该测量圆孔内径的方法包括以下步骤：A method for non-contact multi-point measurement of the inner diameter of a circular hole, see Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 5, Figure 6 and Figure 7, the method for measuring the inner diameter of a circular hole comprises the following steps:
201：构建四传感器定值比较测量头；201: Build a four-sensor fixed value comparison measuring head;
参见图1、图5和图6，四传感器定值比较测量头包括：测量头底面固定盘7，测量头底面固定盘7上设置有测量头中轴8，测量头中轴8上套接有角度和量程调节盘2，角度和量程调节盘2上设置有固定和调节孔3，测量头中轴8上设置有四个传感器固定架6，每个传感器固定架6上安装有激光位移传感器5，激光位移传感器5上设置有传感器固定和调节螺丝4。Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the four-sensor fixed-value comparison measuring head includes: the fixed plate 7 on the bottom surface of the measuring head, the fixed plate 7 on the bottom surface of the measuring head is provided with the central shaft 8 of the measuring head, and the central shaft 8 of the measuring head is sleeved with Angle and range adjustment disc 2, fixed and adjustment holes 3 are arranged on the angle and range adjustment disc 2, four sensor holders 6 are arranged on the central axis 8 of the measuring head, and a laser displacement sensor 5 is installed on each sensor holder 6 , The laser displacement sensor 5 is provided with a sensor fixing and adjusting screw 4 .
即四传感器定值比较测量头和三传感器定值比较测量头的区别仅在于：传感器固定架6、激光位移传感器5以及固定和调节孔3的数量不同，其余结构均相同。That is, the difference between the four-sensor fixed-value comparison measuring head and the three-sensor fixed-value comparison measuring head is only that: the number of the sensor fixing frame 6, the laser displacement sensor 5, and the fixing and adjusting holes 3 are different, and the rest of the structures are the same.
参见图2，测量头中轴8的顶部设置有测量头中轴接头9，测量头中轴接头9连接有测量头连接杆1，测量头连接杆1用于与机床主轴连接；测量头中轴8的侧壁上设置有数据和电源线通孔10。Referring to Fig. 2, the top of the measuring head axis 8 is provided with the measuring head axis joint 9, the measuring head axis joint 9 is connected with the measuring head connecting rod 1, and the measuring head connecting rod 1 is used to connect with the main shaft of the machine tool; the measuring head axis Data and power line through holes 10 are arranged on the side wall of 8 .
参见图3，激光位移传感器5上设置有调节盘连接螺丝12，激光位移传感器5发出激光光束11。Referring to FIG. 3 , the laser displacement sensor 5 is provided with an adjusting disc connecting screw 12 , and the laser displacement sensor 5 emits a laser beam 11 .
其中，激光位移传感器优选激光三角法测位移传感器。Among them, the laser displacement sensor is preferably a laser triangulation displacement sensor.
202：对激光位移传感器的测量光轴进行调整，分别满足第二测量前和测量时的预设条件；202: Adjust the measurement optical axis of the laser displacement sensor to meet the preset conditions before and during the second measurement respectively;
参见图7，测量前，分别调整四个激光位移传感器5的测量光轴(P1A、P2B、P3C和P4D)，使得四条测量光轴在同一平面上，且四条测量光轴的延长线交于一点O(即O点表示四个激光位移传感器测量光轴的中心)，相邻的两条测量光轴夹角为90°(例如：测量光轴P1A和P4D之间的夹角为90°，P2B和P3C之间的夹角为90°)，且相对的两条测量光轴在一条直线上(例如：测量光轴P1A和P2B在一条直线上，P3C和P4D在一条直线上)。Referring to Fig. 7, before the measurement, adjust the measurement optical axes (P 1 A, P 2 B, P 3 C and P 4 D) of the four laser displacement sensors 5 respectively, so that the four measurement optical axes are on the same plane, and the four measurement optical axes The extension line of the optical axis intersects at a point O (that is, point O represents the center of the measuring optical axis of the four laser displacement sensors), and the angle between two adjacent measuring optical axes is 90° (for example: measuring optical axes P 1 A and P The included angle between 4 D is 90°, the included angle between P 2 B and P 3 C is 90°), and the two relative measuring optical axes are on a straight line (for example: measuring optical axes P 1 A and P 2 B is on a straight line, P 3 C and P 4 D are on a straight line).
参见图7，测量时，将四传感器定值比较测量头置于被测圆孔内部任意位置，调整四传感器定值比较测量头，使四条测量光轴(P1A、P2B、P3C和P4D)所在的平面位于被测圆孔的正截面上，此时，O1点为被测圆孔的圆心。See Figure 7. When measuring, place the four-sensor fixed-value comparison measuring head at any position inside the circular hole to be measured, and adjust the four-sensor fixed-value comparison measuring head so that the four measuring optical axes (P 1 A, P 2 B, P 3 The plane where C and P 4 D) are located is located on the positive section of the measured circular hole, at this time, O 1 point is the center of the measured circular hole.
203：获取被测圆孔的半径；203: Obtain the radius of the measured circular hole;
参见图7，测量光轴P1A、P2B、P3C和P4D中的P1、P2、P3和P4分别表示四个激光位移传感器5的测量起点；A、B、C和D分别表示四个激光位移传感器的测量点；测量光轴P1A、P2B、P3C和P3D也分别表示为四个激光位移传感器的测量值。OP1、OP2、OP3和OP4分别表示为四个传感器的量程起始点到四条测量光束交点的距离，可以通过标定得到(具体标定的步骤参见实施例1，本实施例对此不做赘述)，即OP1、OP2、OP3和OP4已知。Referring to Fig. 7 , P 1 , P 2 , P 3 and P 4 in the measuring optical axes P 1 A, P 2 B, P 3 C and P 4 D respectively represent the measurement starting points of the four laser displacement sensors 5; A, B , C and D represent the measurement points of the four laser displacement sensors; the measurement optical axes P 1 A, P 2 B, P 3 C and P 3 D are also the measurement values of the four laser displacement sensors. OP 1 , OP 2 , OP 3 and OP 4 represent the distances from the starting points of the ranges of the four sensors to the intersection points of the four measuring beams respectively, which can be obtained through calibration (see Example 1 for the steps of specific calibration, which will not be done in this embodiment Repeat), that is, OP 1 , OP 2 , OP 3 and OP 4 are known.
设圆孔半径为R，则有：Let the radius of the circular hole be R, then:
结合公式(7)和(8)，有：Combining formulas (7) and (8), we have:
R2＝1/4(O1B2+O1A2+O1C2+O1D2) (9)R 2 ＝1/4(O 1 B 2 +O 1 A 2 +O 1 C 2 +O 1 D 2 ) (9)
已知A known
其中，OA、OB、OC和OD是测量点A、B、C、D到测量光轴的延长线交点O的距离。因此，被测圆孔的半径R可求。Among them, OA, OB, OC and OD are the distances from the measurement points A, B, C and D to the intersection point O of the extension line of the measurement optical axis. Therefore, the radius R of the measured circular hole can be calculated.
实际工作时，首先将测量头连接杆1安装在具有平动功能的机构上，形成一套完整的测量系统，并将四传感器定值比较测量头置于被测圆孔内部，四条测量光轴(P1A、P2B、P3C和P4D)位于圆孔的正截面上，即可得到被测圆孔的半径测量值，整个测量过程简单、快捷。通过本发明实施例构建的四传感器定值比较测量头，以及测量方法可以高精度的获取到被测圆孔的半径。In actual work, first install the connecting rod 1 of the measuring head on the mechanism with translation function to form a complete set of measuring system, and place the four-sensor fixed value comparison measuring head inside the measured circular hole, and the four measuring optical axes (P 1 A, P 2 B, P 3 C and P 4 D) are located on the positive section of the circular hole, and the measured value of the radius of the measured circular hole can be obtained. The whole measurement process is simple and fast. The four-sensor fixed value comparison measuring head constructed by the embodiment of the present invention and the measuring method can obtain the radius of the measured circular hole with high precision.
本领域技术人员可以理解附图只是一个优选实施例的示意图，上述本发明实施例序号仅仅为了描述，不代表实施例的优劣。Those skilled in the art can understand that the accompanying drawing is only a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment, and the serial numbers of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are for description only, and do not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则 之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
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