CN105036783B - A kind of method for welding of ceramics and metal or ceramics and ceramics - Google Patents
A kind of method for welding of ceramics and metal or ceramics and ceramics Download PDFInfo
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- CN105036783B CN105036783B CN201510401552.8A CN201510401552A CN105036783B CN 105036783 B CN105036783 B CN 105036783B CN 201510401552 A CN201510401552 A CN 201510401552A CN 105036783 B CN105036783 B CN 105036783B
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Abstract
A kind of method for welding of ceramics and metal or ceramics and ceramics is related to ceramics and metal, ceramics and ceramics, the method for welding of ceramics and ceramic matric composite and ceramic matric composite and ceramic matric composite.This method processes open slot periodically or non-periodically in the welding surface of ceramics or ceramic matric composite, and the distance between adjacent apertures slot, opening well width and opening groove depth are micron dimension；Then active solder is placed between welding surface, and by the method for vacuum brazing, realizes ceramics and effective connection between metal, ceramics and ceramics or ceramics and ceramic matric composite.The present invention can effectively increase active solder in the wetting and spreading area on its surface, reduce the residual stress of ceramic surface, and then ceramics and metal can be improved, the bonding strength between ceramics and ceramics.This method applies also for C/C composite materials, CfConnection between/SiC ceramic matrix composite material and other high rigidity brittle materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of method of ceramic/metal and ceramics/Ceramic brazing, belongs to welding technology field.
Background technology
Ceramics are a kind of high-temperature structural materials having very much using future, with Al2O3For ceramics, with high temperature resistant, wear-resisting
Equal excellent properties.And metal material generally has preferable toughness.In some military, industrial applications, material is needed simultaneously
With preferable toughness and preferable high temperature resistance, therefore often need ceramics ceramic material different from metal material or two kinds
Material connection, forms ceramic-metal, ceramic-ceramic composite.This composite material has good application prospect.
The method that the connection of ceramics is generally available soldering or diffusion welding (DW), but directly ceramics and metal material are connected with these methods
Material or different ceramic materials are very difficult, and this is mainly due to the coefficient of thermal expansion difference of two kinds of materials to be welded is very big
(Al2O3Ceramics are 6.7 × 10-6K-1, metal material is 12-41 × 10-6K-1, up to 6 times or more of the two difference), in this way
Difference can cause in high temperature brazing or spread in the cooling procedure of welding structure, joint generates prodigious residual thermal stress, into
And cause connector in stress, cracked in interface, bonding strength is very low.In order to improve ceramics and metal, ceramics and pottery
The intensity of porcelain jointing, it is necessary to suitable measure be taken to reduce the residual thermal stress of joint.Patent of invention (inventor：
Bear Warburg Pincus, one kind being used for SiO forever by Mao Wei, Cheng Yao2f/SiO2The process of composite ceramics and metal material soldering, patent application
Day：On 08 31st, 2010, the patent No.：ZL 2,010 1 0266686.0, authorized announcement date：On 09 26th, 2012；Invention
People：Bear Warburg Pincus, Chen Bo, Guo Shaoqing, hair only .SiO2f/SiO2The method of composite ceramics and metal material soldering, patent application day：
On October 24th, 2012, the patent No.：ZL 2,012 1 0266686.0, authorized announcement date：On 01 08th, 2014) it proposes first to lead to
Over mechanical processing method is in SiO2f/SiO2The welding surface open channels of composite ceramics, and process what size matched with quantity
Damascene block is placed in SiO after assembly using AgCu-Ti active solders2f/SiO2The groove and metal of composite ceramics welding surface
Between mosaic block, and in the SiO welded2f/SiO2It is added on interface to be welded between composite ceramics and the metal material welded
AgCu-Ti solders, then by vacuum brazing mode of heating, realize SiO2f/SiO2Effective connection of composite ceramics and metal material.
This method need to include processing and assembling damascene block step, and operation is relative complex, is connect although can increase to a certain extent
The bonding strength of head, but in actual processing and application field, be subject to certain restrictions.In addition, the groove ruler that this patent proposes
Very little ranging from grade, it is limited to stress release action, and grade groove has the effect of the wetability, fillibility of solder
Limit.Paper (J.X.Xiong, J.L.Li, F.S.Zhang, et al.Direct joining of 2D carbon/carbon
composites to Ti-6Al-4V alloy with a rectangular wave interface[J].Materials
Science and Engineering A, 488 (2008) 205-213.) report one kind processing week on carbon/carbon compound material
Phase property rectangle groove, to improve the research of itself and Ti-6Al-4V soldering joint strengths.In paper, scientist proposes this
Periodical groove alleviates the mechanism of welded stress.But it is same, the groove dimensions in this report are grade, and rectangle ditch
Stress concentration easily occurs for the edge of slot, and crackle is promoted to generate.On the other hand, to the pricker of the ceramics and metal material of large-size
Weldering connection, lacks effective, easily operated Joining Technology method at present.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of can be effectively relieved soldering after welding point formed residual thermal stress pottery
The process of porcelain and metal, ceramics and Ceramic brazing, it is intended to which the residual stress distribution state for further improving soldered fitting subtracts
Light stress is concentrated and the tearing tendency of generation, simplifies the processing step of grade open slot soldering, reduces production cost.
Technical solution of the invention is as follows：
A kind of method for welding of ceramics and metal, which is characterized in that described method includes following steps：
1) the distance between open slot periodically or non-periodically, adjacent apertures slot are processed in the welding surface of ceramics
For d1, the width of open slot is d2, the depth of open slot is h, d1:d2:H=1:0.05-1:0.05-1, wherein d1=20 μm~
1000μm；
2) active solder is filled between ceramics and the welding surface of metal, then carries out vacuum brazing.
A kind of method for welding of ceramics and ceramics, which is characterized in that described method includes following steps：
1) open slot periodically or non-periodically is processed in the unilateral side of ceramic welding surface, or in ceramic welding surface
Bilateral process open slot periodically or non-periodically respectively, the distance between adjacent apertures slot is d1, the width of open slot
Degree is d2, the depth of open slot is h, d1:d2:H=1:0.05-1:0.05-1, wherein d1=20 μm~1000 μm；
2) active solder is filled between welding surface and carries out vacuum brazing, or to filling activity after surface metalation to be welded
Solder carries out vacuum brazing.
A kind of method for welding of ceramics and ceramic matric composite, which is characterized in that described method includes following steps：
1) open slot periodically or non-periodically is processed in the welding surface of ceramics or ceramic matric composite, or same
When in the welding surface of ceramics and ceramic matric composite difference processing periodic or acyclic open slot, adjacent apertures slot
The distance between be d1, the width of open slot is d2, the depth of open slot is h, d1:d2:H=1:0.05-1:0.05-1, wherein d1
=20 μm~1000 μm；
2) active solder is filled between welding surface and carries out vacuum brazing, or to ceramics and ceramic matric composite surface
Active solder is filled after metallization carries out vacuum brazing.
A kind of method for welding of ceramic matric composite and ceramic matric composite, which is characterized in that the method includes
Following steps：
1) open slot periodically or non-periodically is processed in the unilateral side of the welding surface of ceramic matric composite, or
The bilateral of welding surface processes open slot periodically or non-periodically respectively, and the distance between adjacent apertures slot is d1, open
The width of mouth slot is d2, the depth of open slot is h, d1:d2:H=1:0.05-1:0.05-1, wherein d1=20 μm~1000 μm；
2) active solder is filled between welding surface and carry out vacuum brazing, or to ceramic matric composite surface metalation
Filling active solder carries out vacuum brazing afterwards.
Preferably, it seamlessly transits narrowed between two wall surfaces and bottom surface of the periodically or non-periodically open slot, opens
Mouth slot cross-section is in nearly semicircle, quadrangle, " u "-shaped or " V " shape；Parallel or arranged crosswise between slot and slot；The intersection cloth
It sets to use and is mutually perpendicular to distribute as net shape between slot and slot.
Preferably, the proportionate relationship of the periodically or non-periodically open slot is d1:d2:H=1:0.05-0.4:0.05-
0.4, wherein d1=50 μm -500 μm.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the welding surface is plane or curved surface.
The present invention has the following advantages and the technique effect of high-lighting：It is of the present invention for ceramics and metal, ceramics with
Ceramics and ceramics and ceramic matric composite method for welding by processing groove in ceramic surface to be welded, and use activity
Groove is filled up in solder heat wetting.Technique in this way, makes ceramic surface form multiple micron order grooves, and solder can be in capillary
It is sprawled along groove under the action of power, spreading area of the increase solder in ceramic surface.Active solder is reacted and is filled in ceramics
In micron dimensioned trenches, the coefficient of thermal expansion of conversion zone has been effectively relieved cold between to be welded ceramic between metal to be welded
But the stress concentration generated during, the connector postwelding for greatly reducing ceramics and being formed after welding metal material soldering connection are remaining
Thermal stress, the cracking phenomena occurred after avoiding material from connecting.The open slot of processing seamlessly transits, and can effectively reduce stress concentration,
To mitigate the tearing tendency of fragile material.Open slot size is smaller, without adding the corresponding metal edge of shape in brazing process
Abaculus can effectively simplify brazing process, reduce cost.The present invention is applicable not only to ceramic material (such as Al2O3Ceramics, Si3N4Pottery
Porcelain, SiC ceramic etc.), it may also be used for the connection between other high rigidity fragile materials.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the ceramics of technical solution of the present invention is used to show with metal welding surface (open slot is " u "-shaped) connection structure
It is intended to.
Fig. 2 is the open slot size relationship schematic diagram that welding surface processes.
Fig. 3 is that the ceramics of technical solution of the present invention is used to show with metal welding surface (open slot is " V " shape) connection structure
It is intended to.
Fig. 4 is the ceramics and metal welding surface (open slot is in close semicircle) connection structure using technical solution of the present invention
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the curve ceramic and metal welding surface attachment structure schematic diagram using technical solution of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is to be connected with ceramic welding surface (open slot is located at unilateral ceramic surface) using the ceramics of technical solution of the present invention
Connect structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is to be connected with ceramic welding surface (open slot is located at bilateral ceramic surface) using the ceramics of technical solution of the present invention
Connect structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is the vertically arranged opening slot structure schematic diagram of ceramic welding surface.
In figure：1- ceramics；2- active solders；3- metals；4- open slots.
Specific implementation mode
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with attached drawing：
A kind of ceramics proposed by the present invention and metal or the method for welding of ceramics and ceramics, including ceramics and metal, ceramics
With the soldering of ceramics, ceramics and ceramic matric composite and ceramic matric composite and ceramic matric composite；Four kinds of prickers
The core of soldering method is to process periodical or non-week in ceramic welding surface (including ceramics or ceramic matric composite surface)
The open slot of phase property, the processing of open slot can use laser (such as femtosecond, picosecond and nanosecond laser), extraordinary electric spark, machining
Etc. material removals method, can also be prepared in ceramic sintering.Ceramics and the welding surface between metal, ceramics and ceramics can be
Plane or curved surface.As shown in Fig. 2, the distance between adjacent apertures slot is set as d1, the width of open slot is set as d2, the depth of open slot
Degree is set as h, meets relationship between three：d1:d2:H=1:0.05-1:0.05-1, wherein d1=20 μm~1000 μm.The week
Phase property or the preferred proportion relationship of aperiodicity open slot are d1:d2:H=1:0.05-0.4:0.05-0.4, wherein d1=50 μm
~500 μm.
For ceramics and solder bonding metal situation, the activity of selection is filled between ceramic surface and metal to be welded after processing
Solder carries out vacuum brazing under the conditions of selected active solder vacuum brazing technique；Or ceramic watch to be welded after processing
Face carries out metalized, and fills solder between the ceramic surface and metal to be welded after metalized, selected
Vacuum brazing is carried out under the conditions of solder vacuum brazing technique, realizes the connection between ceramics and metal.
It the case where for ceramics and Ceramic brazing, is processed periodically or non-periodically in the unilateral side of ceramic welding surface
Open slot, or open slot periodically or non-periodically is processed respectively in the bilateral of ceramic welding surface, filling choosing therebetween
The active solder taken, or to filling active solder after ceramics and ceramic matric composite surface metalation, in selected activity
Vacuum brazing is carried out under the conditions of solder vacuum brazing technique, realizes the connection between ceramics and ceramics.
The case where being brazed with ceramic matric composite for ceramics fills active solder progress vacuum between welding surface
Soldering, or vacuum brazing is carried out to filling active solder after ceramics and ceramic matric composite surface metalation.
The case where being brazed for ceramic matric composite and ceramic matric composite fills active pricker between welding surface
Material carries out vacuum brazing, or carries out vacuum brazing to filling active solder after ceramic matric composite surface metalation.
Ceramic surface of the present invention periodically or non-periodically open slot, two walls and lower section seamlessly transit it is narrowed,
Its section can be in nearly semicircle, quadrangle, " u "-shaped or " V " shape, and each open slot is parallel to each other to be distributed in ceramic watch to be welded
Face, or be mutually perpendicular to distribute as net shape in ceramic surface to be welded.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, in Al2O3Ceramic 1 surface processes the open slot 4 of perforation shape, and the width of open slot 4 is 10 μm, is opened
The depth of mouthful slot 4 is 10 μm, between open slot between be divided into 40 μm.Two walls of open slot and lower section seamlessly transit it is narrowed, section
Face is " U "-shaped.
Then, directly in Al to be welded2O3The interface of ceramic surface 1 and metal material 3 is placed through ultrasonic cleaning and is blown
Dry AgCu-Ti active solders foil 2, metal material 3 are 304 stainless steels, and the content of Ti is in AgCu-Ti active solder foils
2wt.%, thickness are 30 μm；
Vacuum brazing in stove is carried out, brazing temperature is 900 DEG C, and vacuum degree is not less than 2 × 10-2Pa keeps the temperature 10 minutes, cooling
Rate control is cooled to room temperature in 10 DEG C/min, that is, realizes the Al of 10mm × 10mm2O3Company between ceramics and 304 stainless steels
It connects.Soldering joint strength is more than 60MPa, and intensity is improved to 3 times of planar interface connector.
Embodiment 2
As shown in fig. 6, in bilateral Al2O3Ceramic 1 surface processes the open slot 4 of perforation shape, and the width of open slot 4 is 200
μm, the depth of open slot 4 is 200 μm, between open slot between be divided into 1000 μm.Two walls of open slot and lower section seamlessly transit receipts
Narrow, section is in nearly semicircle, quadrangle, " u "-shaped or " V " shape.
Then, directly in Al to be welded2O3It is placed between ceramic 1 surface through ultrasonic cleaning and the AgCu-Ti of drying activity
Solder foil 2, the content of Ti is 2.0wt.% in AgCu-Ti active solder foils, and thickness is 400 μm.
Vacuum brazing in stove is carried out, brazing temperature is 900 DEG C, and vacuum degree is not less than 2 × 10-2Pa keeps the temperature 10 minutes, cooling
Rate control is cooled to room temperature in 10 DEG C/min, that is, realizes the Al of 10mm × 10mm2O3Ceramics and Al2O3The connection of ceramics.
Strength of joint is more than 40MPa, and intensity is improved to 2 times of planar interface connector.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method for welding of ceramics and metal, which is characterized in that described method includes following steps：
1) open slot periodically or non-periodically is processed in the welding surface of ceramics, the distance between adjacent apertures slot is d1,
The width of open slot is d2, the depth of open slot is h, d1:d2:H=1:0.05-0.25:0.05-0.4, wherein d1=50 μm~
500μm；
2) active solder is filled between ceramics and the welding surface of metal, then carries out vacuum brazing,
Wherein, before vacuum brazing, without filling active solder in open slot.
2. a kind of method for welding of ceramics and ceramics, which is characterized in that described method includes following steps：
1) open slot periodically or non-periodically is processed in the unilateral side of ceramic welding surface, or in the double of ceramic welding surface
Side processes open slot periodically or non-periodically respectively, and the distance between adjacent apertures slot is d1, the width of open slot is
d2, the depth of open slot is h, d1:d2:H=1:0.05-0.25:0.05-0.4, wherein d1=50 μm~500 μm；
2) active solder is filled between welding surface and carry out vacuum brazing, or to filling active solder after surface metalation to be welded
Vacuum brazing is carried out,
Wherein, before vacuum brazing, without filling active solder in open slot.
3. a kind of method for welding of ceramics and ceramic matric composite, which is characterized in that described method includes following steps：
1) open slot periodically or non-periodically is processed in the welding surface of ceramics or ceramic matric composite, or existed simultaneously
The welding surface of ceramics and ceramic matric composite difference processing periodic or acyclic open slot, between adjacent apertures slot
Distance be d1, the width of open slot is d2, the depth of open slot is h, d1:d2:H=1:0.05-0.25:0.05-0.4, wherein
d1=50 μm~500 μm；
2) active solder is filled between welding surface and carries out vacuum brazing, or to ceramics and ceramic matric composite surface metal
Active solder is filled after change carries out vacuum brazing,
Wherein, before vacuum brazing, without filling active solder in open slot.
4. the method for welding of a kind of ceramic matric composite and ceramic matric composite, which is characterized in that the method includes such as
Lower step：
1) open slot periodically or non-periodically is processed in the unilateral side of the welding surface of ceramic matric composite, or to be welded
The bilateral on surface processes open slot periodically or non-periodically respectively, and the distance between adjacent apertures slot is d1, open slot
Width be d2, the depth of open slot is h, d1:d2:H=1:0.05-0.25:0.05-0.4, wherein d1=50 μm~500 μm；
2) active solder is filled between welding surface and carry out vacuum brazing, or to being filled out after ceramic matric composite surface metalation
It fills active solder and carries out vacuum brazing,
Wherein, before vacuum brazing, without filling active solder in open slot.
5. according to the method for welding described in Claims 1 to 4 any claim, it is characterised in that：Described periodical or non-week
Seamlessly transit narrowed between two wall surfaces and bottom surface of phase property open slot, opening slot cross-section is in nearly semicircle, quadrangle, " u "-shaped
Or " V " shape；Parallel or arranged crosswise between slot and slot.
6. method for welding according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The arranged crosswise uses between slot and slot mutually
Vertically distribute as net shape.
7. according to the method for welding described in Claims 1 to 4 any claim, it is characterised in that：The welding surface is
Plane or curved surface.
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| US5160090A (en) * | 1990-09-21 | 1992-11-03 | Schwarzkopf Technologies Corporation | Method of making high-strength brazed joints |
| CN101935226A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2011-01-05 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Process for soldering SiO2f/SiO2 composite ceramic and metal material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5160090A (en) * | 1990-09-21 | 1992-11-03 | Schwarzkopf Technologies Corporation | Method of making high-strength brazed joints |
| CN101935226A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2011-01-05 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Process for soldering SiO2f/SiO2 composite ceramic and metal material |
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