CN105346161B - A kind of preparation method of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material and its low-temp low-pressure activity diffusion connection - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material and its low-temp low-pressure activity diffusion connection Download PDFInfo
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- CN105346161B CN105346161B CN201510728757.7A CN201510728757A CN105346161B CN 105346161 B CN105346161 B CN 105346161B CN 201510728757 A CN201510728757 A CN 201510728757A CN 105346161 B CN105346161 B CN 105346161B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/14—Preventing or minimising gas access, or using protective gases or vacuum during welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/16—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts, e.g. material for absorbing or producing gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
- B32B15/015—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium the said other metal being copper or nickel or an alloy thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
- B32B2311/18—Titanium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
- B32B2311/22—Nickel or cobalt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
- B32B2311/30—Iron, e.g. steel
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material and its low-temp low-pressure activity diffusion connection preparation method；Belong to technical field of composite preparation.Its is raw materials used for tungsten basic unit, Ti layer of active metal, soft intermediate layer, base steel layer for tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material of the present invention.Soft intermediate layer is welded together with base steel layer using traditional welding method first by the present invention, then Ti layers of itself and active metal, tungsten basic unit are sequentially overlapped, carry out diffusion in vacuum connection, the connector of tungsten basic unit/titanium layer/soft intermediate layer/base steel layer is prepared, that is, obtains High Performance W/steel composite material.The tensile strength of gained composite of the invention is more than or equal to 386MPa.Reasonable in design of the present invention, the problems such as existing tungsten/steel fastener joint residual stress is big, low intensity, welding condition require high is solved by the collocation of structure and technique.Preparation technology of the present invention is simple simultaneously, be easy to commercial application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material and its preparation method of low-temp low-pressure activity diffusion connection；
Belong to technical field of composite preparation.
Background technology
Tungsten has high density, high rigidity, high intensity, high temperature resistant and the excellent specific property such as corrosion-resistant, is widely used in aviation
The fields such as space flight, weaponry, the energy and electronics.Intrinsic fragility and the limitation of preparation method due to tungsten, it is difficult to obtain big chi
Very little and complex-shaped pure tungsten component, Developing Tungsten/steel composites structure can not only increase the use of part to substitute full tungsten structure
Convenience, moreover it is possible to the comprehensive performance advantage for playing each connecting material.
At present, what the interconnection technique of tungsten and steel grew up mainly have soldering and vacuum diffusion welding, wherein soldering frequently with
Complicated chemical metallurgy reaction occurs for multicomponent solder, joint welding, easily generates the harmful phases such as frangible compounds, causes joint
Can not be high.Pervasion Weld Technology has the advantages that law temperature joining, applied at elevated temperature, but it often needs larger on-load pressure to be connect to realize
Material surface interatomic phase counterdiffusion is touched, while it is higher to treat wlding material surface smoothness requirements, causes joint dimension to adapt to
Property is poor, is unfavorable for production application.
Document " Development of brazing foils to join monocrystalline tungsten
alloys with ODS–EUROFER steel,Kalin B A,Fedotov V T,Sevrjukov O N,Kalashnikov
AN,Suchkov AN,Moeslang A,Rohde M:Journal of Nuclear Materials 2007；367–370:
P.1218-1222. " and " Mechanical characterization and modeling of brazed EUROFER-
tungsten–joints,Chehtov T,Aktaa J,Kraft O.:Journal of Nuclear Materials 2007；
367–370:P.1228 Ni bases, Ti bases and the base amorphous high-temp solder welding tungsten of Fe and steel -1232. " etc. is respectively adopted, realizes
The good connection of tungsten and steel, but brazing temperature (1150 DEG C) is too high, causes grain coarsening or phase transformation in steel, causes under material property
Drop.
Document " Effect of joining temperature on the microstructure and strength
of tungsten/ferritic steel joints diffusion bonded with a nickel interlayer,
Zhong ZH,Jung H,Hinoki T,Kohyama A.:Journal of Materials Processing
Technology 2010；210:" and " Diffusion bonding between W and p.1805-1810.
EUROFER97using V interlayer,Basuki WW,Aktaa J.:Journal of Nuclear Materials
2012；429:" etc. p.335-340. tungsten and steel are connected using Pervasion Weld Technology, obtained tungsten/steel joint has law temperature joining, height
The characteristics of temperature is used, but this solid-state diffusion Joining Technology needs larger on-load pressure (~10MPa), causes joint dimension to be fitted
Answering property is poor, greatly limit its production application.
In addition, tungsten/steel fastener prepared by existing tungsten/steel interconnection technique is under the effect such as mechanical load or thermic load,
Even fracture failure is easily cracked in the tungsten side close to joint welding, this exists larger with tungsten/steel fastener joint
Residual stress is relevant.Therefore, this area is in the urgent need to designing a kind of tungsten/steel composite material with high intensity and matching with it
The high efficiency preparation method of set.
The content of the invention
The present invention is big with steel thermophysical property difference based on tungsten, and particularly tungsten differs 2000 DEG C, thermal expansion system with steel fusing point
3 times of difference is counted, modulus of elasticity differs 2 times, causes tungsten poor with steel weldability, quality of connection is not high, inventor is middle by designing
Transition zone alleviates the thermophysical property difference of tungsten/steel construction piece joint, to improve the quality of connection of tungsten and steel, but only according to
According to the optimization design of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material structure, and prepare using existing single welding method tungsten/steel composite junction
Component, still can not obtain preferable product, it is big, strong that existing tungsten/steel composite material and its technology of preparing still suffer from residual stress
The problems such as degree is low, welding condition requires high (high temperature, high pressure, the Connection Time of length), then inventor changes thinking, by right
Tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material and its technology of preparing carry out Cooperative Optimization, have initiated " in tungsten/reactive metal layer/soft
The composite structure of interbed/steel " and matched two steps welding technology of preparing.
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, a kind of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material and its low-temp low-pressure activity spreads the present invention
Connect preparation method.By the collocation of structure and technique solve existing tungsten/steel fastener joint residual stress big, low intensity,
The problems such as welding condition requires high (high temperature, high pressure, the Connection Time of length).
A kind of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material of the present invention；The raw material of the tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material includes tungsten base
Layer, Ti layers of active metal, soft intermediate layer, base steel layer；The soft intermediate layer is by a kind of group in Ni, Cu, Ni-Cu alloy
Into.
A kind of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material of the present invention；Tungsten basic unit is selected from pure tungsten, W-La2O3Alloy, W-Y2O3Alloy,
One kind in W-TiC alloys, W-ZrC alloys, W-Y alloys, W-Mo alloys, W-Re alloys, W-K alloys, W-CNT alloys.It is described
Percentage is more than or equal to 99% to the matter of wolfram element according to quantity in pure tungsten.
A kind of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material of the present invention；Base steel layer is structural steel, tool steel, stainless steel or specialty steel
In one kind.The specialty steel is such as one kind in mould steel, blade of gas turbine steel, fusion reactor low activity steel.
A kind of preparation method of the low-temp low-pressure activity diffusion connection of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material of the present invention；Including with
Lower step：
Soft intermediate layer is welded together with base steel layer first, the base steel layer with soft intermediate layer is obtained, then will
Ti layer of base steel layer with soft intermediate layer and active metal, tungsten basic unit by base steel layer/soft intermediate layer/Ti layers of active metal/
Tungsten basic unit is sequentially overlapped, and carries out vacuum active diffusion connection, prepares the connection of tungsten basic unit/titanium layer/soft intermediate layer/base steel layer
Part, that is, obtain High Performance W/steel composite material；The vacuum active diffusion connection method is：10~30 DEG C/min is used first
Heating rate be warming up to 900~1050 DEG C, be incubated 5~300min, 0.1~5MPa connection pressure loaded in insulating process
Power, is then reduced to 650 DEG C with 5~10 DEG C/min cooldown rate by temperature, and is incubated 30~120min, finally with being furnace-cooled to
Room temperature, in whole connection procedure, vacuum is 1~5 × 10 in holding furnace-3Pa。
When soft intermediate layer and base steel layer are welded together, available technology is conventional soldering techniques, such as soldering or true
Empty solid-state diffusion welding technology.
A kind of preparation method of the low-temp low-pressure activity diffusion connection of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material of the present invention；Tungsten basic unit
Surface smoothness with Ti layers of contact surface of active metal is 0.1~1 μm, is preferably 0.1-0.5 μm, is more preferably 0.1-
0.3 μm, the surface smoothness of Ti layers of active metal and the contact surface in soft intermediate layer is 0.1~3 μm, is preferably 0.1-1 μm, entered
One step is preferably 0.1~0.5 μm, the surface smoothness of the contact surface of soft intermediate layer and base steel layer is 0.1~1.5 μm, preferably
For 0.1~1 μm, more preferably 0.5~1 μm.
A kind of preparation method of the low-temp low-pressure activity diffusion connection of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material of the present invention；The titanium
The thickness of layer is 0.005~0.05mm, is preferably 0.005~0.02mm, is more preferably 0.008~0.015mm；It is described soft
The thickness in matter intermediate layer is 0.01~5mm, is preferably 0.01~2mm, is more preferably 0.1~1mm.
A kind of preparation method of the low-temp low-pressure activity diffusion connection of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material of the present invention；Pass through two
Brittlement phase is not present in step welding gained tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material.The brittlement phase is all intermetallic compounds or metal
One or more in carbide.
A kind of preparation method of the low-temp low-pressure activity diffusion connection of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material of the present invention；Pass through two
Step welding gained tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material tensile strength is more than or equal to 386MPa, preferably greater than or equal to 412MPa, enters one
Step is preferably greater than or equal to 430MPa, compared with existing tungsten/steel composite material, on the basis of existing tungsten/steel composite material extremely
Lifting 50% and Cai Qingshan are in Int.Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials publications less
Described tungsten/V/Cu/ steel composite materials compare in the article delivered on 48th phase, improve tungsten/steel fastener tensile property,
A kind of particularly designed tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material combines two matched step welding methods, realizes and realizes tungsten
With the low temperature of steel, low pressure, low residual stress, highly reliable efficient connection.
Structure and distribution welding manner designed by the present invention can be widely applied to refractory metal and other metal xenogenesis
The diffusion connection of material.It is also widely applied to refractory metal or the ceramic diffusion connection between other metal foreign materials.
Principle and advantage
Principle
The welding difficulty of tungsten and steel is that its thermophysical property difference is big, it is difficult to find a kind of buffer layer material and a kind of weldering
The method of connecing can realize high intensity and the efficiently connection of tungsten and steel.The present invention proposes a kind of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material and low
The preparation method of warm low pressure activity diffusion connection., can be real with various metals material because for homogenous material steel, its weldability is good
Existing good connection, and for homogenous material tungsten, its fusing point is high, fragility is big, causes its weldability poor, therefore, and inventor first will
The transition zone of optimization design is attached with base steel layer, and this is that can be achieved using conventional brazing or vacuum solid diffusion welding (DW), then
The structural member of transition zone/steel is efficiently connected with tungsten using a kind of new low-temp low-pressure active diffusion connection method again,
So as to obtain tungsten/steel composite material of high intensity.
In the present invention, transition group active metal Ti and tungsten primary reactant are introduced in transition zone, interface diffusion is considerably increased
Respond, can be greatly reduced connection temperature.Meanwhile, soft intermediate layer (Ni, Cu or Ni-Cu alloy) is introduced to alleviate due to tungsten
The residual stress produced in connection procedure is mismatched with steel thermal coefficient of expansion.Specifically, active metal Ti and soft centre
Layer element Ni and Cu are eutectic formation element, and in diffusion connection procedure, Ti can be less than each element fusing point with soft intermediate layer
At a temperature of phase counterdiffusion occur eutectic reaction and form liquid phase, when Ti layer in jointing of thickness are much smaller than soft intermediate layer
When, with the progress of connection procedure, Ti layers will gradually be consumed, and after being totally consumed for Ti layers, liquid phase will fill jointing
Interface, finally, produced liquid phase form high-melting-point phase due to isothermal solidification and homogenization of composition, can obtain resistant to elevated temperatures
Tungsten/steel joint.And the presence of jointing interface liquid phase, equivalent to the fusing of solder in soldering tech, have to mother metal good
Wetting action, connection pressure can be substantially reduced.
Advantage
The present invention has prepared tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material of high intensity under lower temperature and pressure condition.Its
Specific Heterosis exists：
First, form that residual stress is small, the uniform welding point of Interface Microstructure；
2nd, required connection pressure is small, and connection metal is without obvious deformation, and joint dimension adaptability is good.The present invention can be answered extensively
It is connected for refractory metal with the diffusion of other metal foreign materials.
In a word, the present invention solves existing tungsten/steel composite material by the synergy of structure and technology of preparing and prepares skill
Art residual stress is big, low intensity, the problem of welding condition requires high (high temperature, high pressure, long-time), realizes that the low temperature of tungsten and steel is low
Pressure, low stress, highly reliable, efficient connection, in addition, present invention process is easy to operate, joint metal is without obvious deformation.
Brief description of the drawings
Welding structure assembling and preparation process schematic diagram of the accompanying drawing 1 for tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the electron microscope of the gained finished product of embodiment 3.
As can be seen from Figure 1 the welding structure of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material is assembled and preparation process.
From figure 2 it can be seen that in gained finished product, Ti layers substantially disappear, and resulting transition zone and tungsten, transition zone with
There is obvious transition between steel layer interval, this proves that welding effect is fabulous.
Embodiment
The present invention is intended to further illustrate with reference to embodiments, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The tungsten of present embodiment and the active diffusion connection method of the low-temp low-pressure of steel are carried out as follows：
First, removing surface：Weldering material of tungsten is treated using 150#, 400#, 800#, 1200# and 1500# abrasive paper for metallograph first
Polished step by step with the connection surface of steel and be polished to surface smoothness for 3 μm, then, (set using ultrasonic cleaner
Cleaning temperature is 35 DEG C) material to be welded is cleaned into each 15min in absolute ethyl alcohol, acetone, absolute ethyl alcohol successively, it is to be welded to remove
The greasy dirt and impurity of specimen surface.To avoid material to be welded from being oxidized or being contaminated again, envelope in absolute ethyl alcohol is placed on
Deposit standby.
2nd, prepared by tungsten/transition zone/steel construction piece：It is first that soft interlayer Cu in the transition zone of optimization design is (thick about
Soldering 0.1mm) is carried out under 1150 DEG C/30min/1MPa process conditions with base steel layer, solder uses commercial Ni-based amorphous pricker
Material, obtains Cu/ steel fasteners, and then it presses " tungsten basic unit/Ti layers/Cu layers/steel with tungsten basic unit, Ti layers (thickness is 0.005mm)
Layer " Standard will connect temperature using 10 DEG C/min heating rate in vacuum hotpressing stove, first and from room temperature be increased to 950
DEG C, 20min is incubated, room temperature is then cooled to the furnace.In whole connection procedure, use 0.2MPa pressure to be fixedly connected with knot
Structure and the initial contact for ensureing material surface to be welded, while keeping vacuum ＜ 5 × 10-3Pa, that is, complete the welding of tungsten and steel.
The tungsten of present embodiment/Ti/Cu/ steel fastener technologies of preparing have the technical advantage of low-temp low-pressure, and made
The tensile strength of standby connector is more multiple than existing tungsten/steel using single metal level (Ni, Ti, Nb, V) preparation up to 386MPa
The tensile strength of condensation material is high by more than 40%.
Embodiment 2
The tungsten of present embodiment and the active diffusion connection method of the low-temp low-pressure of steel are carried out as follows：
First, removing surface：Weldering material of tungsten is treated using 150#, 400#, 800#, 1200# and 1500# abrasive paper for metallograph first
Polished step by step with the connection surface of steel and be polished to surface smoothness for 5 μm, then, (set using ultrasonic cleaner
Cleaning temperature is 35 DEG C) material to be welded is cleaned into each 10min in absolute ethyl alcohol, acetone, absolute ethyl alcohol successively, it is to be welded to remove
The greasy dirt and impurity of specimen surface.To avoid material to be welded from being oxidized or being contaminated again, envelope in absolute ethyl alcohol is placed on
Deposit standby.
2nd, prepared by tungsten/transition zone/steel construction piece：It is first that soft intermediate layer Ni in the transition zone of optimization design is (thick about
Diffusion in vacuum 0.3mm) is carried out under 900 DEG C/30min/5MPa process conditions with base steel layer to be connected, and obtains Ni/ steel fasteners,
Then it presses " tungsten basic unit/Ti layers/Ni layers/steel layer " Standard in vacuum hotpressing with tungsten basic unit, Ti layers (thickness is 0.02mm)
In stove, temperature will be connected using 20 DEG C/min heating rate first and be increased to 1050 DEG C from room temperature, 30min is incubated, then with
Stove is cooled to room temperature.In whole connection procedure, 1MPa pressure is used with fixed connection structure and ensures material surface to be welded
Initial contact, while keeping vacuum ＜ 5 × 10-3Pa, that is, complete the welding of tungsten and steel.
The tungsten of present embodiment/Ti/Ni/ steel fastener technologies of preparing have the technical advantage of low-temp low-pressure, and made
The tensile strength of standby connector is more multiple than existing tungsten/steel using single metal level (Ni, Ti, Nb, V) preparation up to 412MPa
The tensile strength of condensation material is high by more than 50%.
Embodiment 3
The tungsten of present embodiment and the active diffusion connection method of the low-temp low-pressure of steel are carried out as follows：
First, removing surface：Weldering material of tungsten is treated using 150#, 400#, 800#, 1200# and 1500# abrasive paper for metallograph first
Polished step by step with the connection surface of steel and be polished to surface smoothness for 3 μm, then, (set using ultrasonic cleaner
Cleaning temperature is 35 DEG C) material to be welded is cleaned into each 20min in absolute ethyl alcohol, acetone, absolute ethyl alcohol successively, it is to be welded to remove
The greasy dirt and impurity of specimen surface.To avoid material to be welded from being oxidized or being contaminated again, envelope in absolute ethyl alcohol is placed on
Deposit standby.
2nd, prepared by tungsten/transition zone/steel construction piece：It is first that soft interlayer Cu in the transition zone of optimization design is (thick about
Diffusion in vacuum 0.5mm) is carried out under 950 DEG C/30min/5MPa process conditions with base steel layer to be connected, and obtains Cu/ steel fasteners,
Then it presses " tungsten basic unit/Ti layers/Cu layers/steel layer " Standard in vacuum hotpressing with tungsten basic unit, Ti layers (thickness is 0.015mm)
In stove, temperature will be connected using 15 DEG C/min heating rate first and be increased to 1000 DEG C from room temperature, 180min is incubated, then with
Stove is cooled to room temperature.In whole connection procedure, 0.5MPa pressure is used with fixed connection structure and ensures material list to be welded
The initial contact in face, while keeping vacuum ＜ 5 × 10-3Pa, that is, complete the welding of tungsten and steel.
The tungsten of present embodiment/Ti/Cu/ steel fastener technologies of preparing have the technical advantage of low-temp low-pressure, and made
The tensile strength of standby connector is more multiple than existing tungsten/steel using single metal level (Ni, Ti, Nb, V) preparation up to 430MPa
The tensile strength of condensation material is high by more than 58%.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material；It is characterized in that：The raw material of the tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material includes
Tungsten basic unit, Ti layers of active metal, soft intermediate layer, base steel layer；The soft intermediate layer is by one kind in Ni, Cu, Ni-Cu alloy
Composition；
The preparation method of the tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material is：Soft intermediate layer is welded together with base steel layer first,
The base steel layer with soft intermediate layer is obtained, then by the base steel layer with soft intermediate layer and Ti layers of active metal, tungsten basic unit
It is sequentially overlapped by base steel layer/soft intermediate layer/Ti layers/tungsten of active metal basic unit, carries out vacuum active diffusion connection, prepare tungsten base
The connector of layer/titanium layer/soft intermediate layer/base steel layer, that is, obtain High Performance W/steel composite material；The vacuum active diffusion
Connection method is：900~1050 DEG C are warming up to using 10~30 DEG C/min heating rate first, 5~300min is incubated, protected
0.1~5MPa connection pressure is loaded during temperature, temperature is then reduced to 650 DEG C with 5~10 DEG C/min cooldown rate,
And 30~120min is incubated, finally with room temperature is furnace-cooled to, in whole connection procedure, vacuum is 1~5 × 10 in holding furnace‐ 3Pa。
2. a kind of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material according to claim 1；It is characterized in that：Tungsten basic unit be selected from pure tungsten,
W‐La2O3Alloy, W-Y2O3Alloy, W-TiC alloys, W-ZrC alloys, W-Y alloys, W-Mo alloys, W-Re alloys, W-K alloys,
One kind in W-CNT alloys.
3. a kind of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material according to claim 1；It is characterized in that：Base steel layer for structural steel,
One kind in tool steel, stainless steel.
4. a kind of a kind of low-temp low-pressure activity of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material as described in claim 1-3 any one expands
Dissipate the preparation method of connection, it is characterised in that；Comprise the following steps：
Soft intermediate layer is welded together with base steel layer first, the base steel layer with soft intermediate layer is obtained, then will carry
The base steel layer in soft intermediate layer is with Ti layers of active metal, tungsten basic unit by base steel layer/soft intermediate layer/active metal Ti layers/tungsten base
Layer is sequentially overlapped, and carries out vacuum active diffusion connection, prepares the connector of tungsten basic unit/titanium layer/soft intermediate layer/base steel layer, i.e.,
Obtain High Performance W/steel composite material；The vacuum active diffusion connection method is：10~30 DEG C/min heating is used first
Speed is warming up to 900~1050 DEG C, is incubated 5~300min, 0.1~5MPa connection pressure is loaded in insulating process, then
Temperature is reduced to 650 DEG C with 5~10 DEG C/min cooldown rate, and is incubated 30~120min, finally with being furnace-cooled to room temperature,
In whole connection procedure, vacuum is 1~5 × 10 in holding furnace‐3Pa；
The surface smoothness of tungsten basic unit and the contact surface of Ti layers of active metal is 0.1~1 μm, Ti layers of active metal and soft centre
The surface smoothness of the contact surface of layer is 0.1~3 μm, and the surface smoothness of soft intermediate layer and the contact surface of base steel layer is 0.1
~1.5 μm.
5. a kind of preparation of the low-temp low-pressure activity diffusion connection of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material according to claim 4
Method：It is characterized in that：The thickness of the titanium layer is 0.005~0.05mm；The thickness in the soft intermediate layer be 0.01~
5mm。
6. a kind of preparation of the low-temp low-pressure activity diffusion connection of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material according to claim 5
Method：It is characterized in that：The thickness of the titanium layer is 0.005~0.02mm；The thickness in the soft intermediate layer be 0.01~
2mm。
7. a kind of preparation of the low-temp low-pressure activity diffusion connection of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material according to claim 6
Method：It is characterized in that：The thickness of the titanium layer is that the thickness in soft intermediate layer described in 0.008~0.015mm is 0.1~1mm.
8. a kind of low-temp low-pressure activity diffusion of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material according to claim 5-7 any one
The preparation method of connection：It is characterized in that：The tensile strength of prepared tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material is more than or equal to 368MPa.
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| CN201510728757.7A CN105346161B (en) | 2015-10-30 | 2015-10-30 | A kind of preparation method of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material and its low-temp low-pressure activity diffusion connection |
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| CN201510728757.7A CN105346161B (en) | 2015-10-30 | 2015-10-30 | A kind of preparation method of tungsten/transition zone/steel composite material and its low-temp low-pressure activity diffusion connection |
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| CN106041350B (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2018-03-20 | 武汉工程大学 | tungsten/copper or tungsten/steel joint and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109202315A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-01-15 | 欣旺达惠州电动汽车电池有限公司 | The method of two kinds of metal material superposition welding |
| CN109396631B (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-12-11 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Hot isostatic pressing diffusion bonding method for tungsten/transition layer/stainless steel |
| CN109454321B (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2020-06-16 | 中南大学 | Hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection method for tungsten/steel cylinder structural member |
| CN110053328B (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2021-03-02 | 合肥工业大学 | Layered gradient structure tungsten-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111151864B (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2021-03-12 | 吉林大学 | Welding material and process for connecting tungsten-based powder alloy and low-expansion high-temperature alloy |
| CN115335187B (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2024-04-12 | 联合材料公司 | Composite material |
| CN112496518B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2022-03-22 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Diffusion bonding method of tungsten and low-activation steel |
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| CN113732467B (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2023-07-11 | 合肥工业大学 | Composite intermediate layer for tungsten/steel connecting piece and diffusion welding method |
| CN113909666B (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-10-25 | 中南大学 | Low-temperature diffusion connection method for tungsten alloy and stainless steel |
| CN114951946B (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-06-23 | 湖南大学 | Method for connecting tungsten-cobalt hard alloy and 42CrMo steel by adopting high-entropy alloy |
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| GB949979A (en) * | 1961-02-15 | 1964-02-19 | Nicolay Fedotovich Kazakov | Method and apparatus for joining or welding materials |
| US3431631A (en) * | 1964-12-11 | 1969-03-11 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Refractory metal diffusion bonding |
| CN101298108B (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2011-08-17 | 中国航空工业第一集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Technique for vacuum brazing titanium alloy and steel |
| CN101284336B (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2011-05-11 | 中国航空工业第一集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Argon-arc welding-braze welding composite welding method for connecting the titanium alloy and steel |
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