CN109175764B - Method for auxiliary brazing of graphene sponge middle layer - Google Patents
Method for auxiliary brazing of graphene sponge middle layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN109175764B CN109175764B CN201811101772.9A CN201811101772A CN109175764B CN 109175764 B CN109175764 B CN 109175764B CN 201811101772 A CN201811101772 A CN 201811101772A CN 109175764 B CN109175764 B CN 109175764B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for auxiliary brazing of a graphene sponge middle layer, and relates to the field of methods for brazing C/C composite materials. The invention aims to solve the technical problem of low reliability caused by large residual stress in the existing C/C composite material brazing connection. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, cutting the C/C composite material and cleaning; secondly, cutting the graphene sponge into sheets along a direction parallel to the cross section; thirdly, tabletting the AgCuTi powder brazing filler metal; fourthly, assembling and compressing; and fifthly, brazing. According to the invention, through in-situ reaction of the graphene sponge intermediate layer and Ti in the brazing filler metal, TiC reinforcing phases which are uniformly distributed are generated in brazing seams, the matrix structure of the brazing seams is refined and reinforced, and meanwhile, brittle Cu is blocked2Ti is formed in the brazing seam, so that the mechanical property of the obtained joint is improved, and the shear strength can reach 55 MPa. The method is used in the field of C/C composite material brazing connection.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of methods for brazing C/C composites.
Background
With the rapid development of space technology, people are increasingly frequently exploring and developing the space, and the performance and the number of rockets carrying various space stations and space detectors are continuously developed. The jet pipe plays an important role in the energy conversion of the rocket engine, and is often required to bear severe service conditions when the jet pipe of the rocket engine works. Firstly, under the service condition, the spray pipe is in a high-temperature environment of 2000 ℃ to 3500 ℃ and is subjected to severe thermal shock. In addition, the high temperature service environment often brings high thermal stress caused by thermal gradient. The high speed of corrosive gases also makes the service environment more severe. The high-melting-point metal is a traditional rocket nozzle material, but the disadvantages of the metal material are obvious, mainly because the high-melting-point metal increases the weight of a rocket engine and has poor high-temperature resistance. Therefore, the novel high-strength and light-weight nozzle pipe structure material has great advantages compared with the traditional metal material and is considered to be an ideal nozzle pipe material for replacing certain conventional metal structural parts.
The C/C composite material takes carbon as a matrix and continuous carbon fibers as a reinforcing phase, is a novel structural material, improves the strength and thermal shock resistance compared with a graphite material, and has lower density, lower thermal expansion coefficient, excellent high-temperature performance and good ablation resistance. Therefore, the C/C composite material has great advantages as a rocket engine nozzle material. However, the C/C composite material is not easy to process and mold. The complicated-shaped spray pipe is difficult to integrally form by adopting the C/C composite material, so that a connecting method suitable for the C/C composite material needs to be developed to realize the processing and the manufacturing of the complicated-shaped spray pipe.
The C/C composite material is a high-temperature structural material with excellent performance. However, the C/C composite material has complex preparation process, long production period and high cost, and further application of the C/C composite material is restricted to a great extent; meanwhile, the C/C composite material is often required to be connected with metal to meet certain performance requirements in some application occasions in the fields of aerospace, nuclear energy and the like. Therefore, the application of the C/C composite material to practical use inevitably involves a problem of connection. For example, the difficulty of directly preparing the C/C composite material with a complex shape and a larger size can be solved by connecting the small-sized C/C composite material with the C/C composite material; the C/C composite material is connected with other metal materials or non-metal materials, so that an ideal component which has the advantages of two materials and can make up for the defects can be obtained, the production efficiency can be improved, and the cost can be reduced. However, in general, the connection of the C/C composite material and the metal is an unavoidable problem, because the C/C composite material and the metal (brazing filler metal or interlayer) are required to obtain good interface bonding in the process of achieving the connection.
At present, the connection of the C/C composite material has difficulty, and the difficulty lies in the problem of wettability of liquid metal brazing filler metal to the surface of the C/C composite material on one hand, the common brazing filler metal is difficult to wet the C/C composite material, and the condition that the brazing filler metal can be well wetted and spread on the surface of a base metal is the premise of forming reliable connection; on the other hand, the large difference of the thermal expansion coefficient and the elastic modulus between the C/C composite material and the metal solder or the metal matrix can generate residual thermal stress at the joint, seriously reduce the quality of the joint and even lead the joint to be damaged and cracked after connection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of low reliability caused by large residual stress in the existing C/C composite material brazing connection, and provides a graphene sponge interlayer auxiliary brazing method.
A method for auxiliary brazing of a graphene sponge middle layer specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, cutting the C/C composite material into slices with the thickness of 2-3 mm, then polishing the parts to be welded by using sand paper, and then putting the parts into an acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning to obtain the C/C composite material to be welded;
secondly, cutting the graphene sponge into sheets along a direction parallel to the cross section to obtain a graphene sponge intermediate layer;
thirdly, tabletting the AgCuTi powder brazing filler metal at room temperature to obtain a button-shaped brazing filler metal sheet with the diameter of 8-12 mm;
fourthly, stacking the graphene sponge intermediate layer obtained in the second step and the brazing filler metal sheet obtained in the third step between the two C/C composite materials to be welded obtained in the first step for combined assembly, and pressing the C/C composite materials with a graphite block to obtain a sample to be welded;
fifthly, placing the sample to be welded obtained in the fourth step on a heating table of a vacuum brazing furnace, and vacuumizing to 5 × 10-3And Pa, performing heating brazing, controlling the brazing temperature to be 830-920 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10-40 min, and then cooling to room temperature at the cooling speed of 5 ℃/min to finish the auxiliary brazing method for the graphene sponge middle layer.
And in the second step, when the graphene sponge is cut, the integrity and the surface smoothness of the graphene sponge are ensured as much as possible.
And in the fourth step, when the graphite blocks are used for compacting, the layers are ensured to be in close contact with each other.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for auxiliary brazing of a graphene sponge interlayer, wherein graphene sponge is introduced as the interlayer in the brazing process, the connection method is simple and effective, and the preparation process of the graphene sponge interlayer is efficient and feasible. The TiC phase is generated by in-situ reaction with the AgCuTi brazing filler metal and is uniformly distributed in the brazing seam, and the TiC phase has a low linear expansion coefficient and good plastic deformation capability, so that the thermal expansion coefficient of the brazing seam can be adjusted, the matrix structure of the brazing seam is refined and enhanced, and meanwhile, the residual stress of the joint can be relieved through plastic deformation.
After the graphene sponge is introduced as the intermediate layer, the brittle Cu can be prevented2Ti is formed in the brazing seam, the reaction layer is continuous and has moderate thickness, the stress concentration of the joint is obviously reduced, the mechanical property of the obtained joint is improved, and the shear strength can reach 55 MPa.
The method is used in the field of C/C composite material brazing connection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a back scattering image of the microstructure of a soldered joint of a C/C composite material obtained by introducing a graphene sponge intermediate layer according to an example;
fig. 2 is a microstructure backscattering picture of a soldered connection joint of a C/C composite material obtained without introducing a graphene sponge intermediate layer in a comparative test.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment provides a method for auxiliary brazing of a graphene sponge middle layer, which specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, cutting the C/C composite material into slices with the thickness of 2-3 mm, then polishing the parts to be welded by using sand paper, and then putting the parts into an acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning to obtain the C/C composite material to be welded;
secondly, cutting the graphene sponge into sheets along a direction parallel to the cross section to obtain a graphene sponge intermediate layer;
thirdly, tabletting the AgCuTi powder brazing filler metal at room temperature to obtain a button-shaped brazing filler metal sheet with the diameter of 8-12 mm;
fourthly, stacking the graphene sponge intermediate layer obtained in the second step and the brazing filler metal sheet obtained in the third step between the two C/C composite materials to be welded obtained in the first step for combined assembly, and pressing the C/C composite materials with a graphite block to obtain a sample to be welded;
fifthly, placing the sample to be welded obtained in the fourth step on a heating table of a vacuum brazing furnace, and vacuumizing to 5 × 10-3And Pa, performing heating brazing, controlling the brazing temperature to be 830-920 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10-40 min, and then cooling to room temperature at the cooling speed of 5 ℃/min to finish the auxiliary brazing method for the graphene sponge middle layer.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: and in the first step, cutting the C/C composite material by adopting a wire cut electrical discharge machine. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: and in the first step, the positions to be welded are ground by adopting 240#, 600# and 1000# sandpaper in sequence. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: and in the step one, ultrasonic cleaning is carried out for 20min in an acetone solution. The others are the same as in one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: and in the second step, a stainless steel blade is adopted to cut the graphene sponge. The other is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: and in the second step, the thickness of the graphene sponge middle layer is 0.3-6 mm. The other is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: and in the third step, a tablet machine is adopted for tabletting. The other is the same as one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: in the third step, the mass of the AgCuTi powder brazing filler metal is 0.2 g. The other is the same as one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: and during tabletting in the third step, controlling the applied pressure to be 2MPa and keeping for 2-3 min. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
Tenth embodiment this embodiment is different from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that the C/C composite material is cut into two pieces of the to-be-welded C/C composite material having the size of 5mm × 5mm × 3mm and 10mm × 10mm × 3mm in the first step, the to-be-welded C/C composite material having the size of 10mm × 10mm × 3mm, the graphene sponge intermediate layer obtained in the second step, the brazing sheet obtained in the third step, and the to-be-welded C/C composite material having the size of 5mm × 5mm × 3mm are stacked in sequence in the fourth step, assembled by combination, and pressed with a graphite block, and the other is the same as one of the first to ninth embodiments.
The concrete implementation mode eleven: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to tenth embodiments in that: in the fifth step, the brazing temperature is controlled to be 890 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20 min. The rest is the same as one of the first to tenth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode twelve: this embodiment is different from one of the first to eleventh embodiments in that: and fifthly, controlling the brazing temperature to be 830 ℃ and the heat preservation time to be 20 min. The rest is the same as in one of the first to eleventh embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
the first embodiment is as follows:
the method for auxiliary brazing of the graphene sponge middle layer specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, cutting the C/C composite material into two sheets with the sizes of 5mm × 5mm × 3mm and 10mm × 10mm × 3mm 353 mm by adopting a wire cut electrical discharge machine, then sequentially grinding the parts to be welded by adopting 240#, 600# and 1000# sandpaper, and then putting the parts into an acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 20min to obtain the C/C composite material to be welded;
secondly, cutting the graphene sponge into sheets with the thickness of 3mm along the direction parallel to the cross section by adopting a stainless steel blade to obtain a graphene sponge middle layer;
thirdly, tabletting 0.2g of AgCuTi powder brazing filler metal at room temperature by using a tabletting machine, controlling the applied pressure to be 2MPa, and keeping for 2min to obtain a button-shaped brazing filler metal sheet with the diameter of 10 mm;
fourthly, sequentially stacking the C/C composite material to be welded with the size of 10mm × 10mm × 3mm, the graphene sponge intermediate layer obtained in the second step, the brazing sheet obtained in the third step and the C/C composite material to be welded with the size of 5mm × 5mm × 3mm 353 mm for combined assembly, and pressing the materials by using a graphite block to obtain a sample to be welded;
fifthly, placing the sample to be welded obtained in the fourth step on a heating table of a vacuum brazing furnace, and vacuumizing to 5 × 10-3And Pa, performing heating brazing, controlling the brazing temperature to be 890 ℃, keeping the temperature for 20min, and then cooling to room temperature at the cooling speed of 5 ℃/min to finish the auxiliary brazing method for the graphene sponge middle layer.
In the embodiment, a microstructure backscattering picture of a soldered connection joint of a C/C composite material obtained by introducing a graphene sponge intermediate layer is shown in fig. 1;
comparative experiment:
the comparative experiment was specifically carried out as follows:
firstly, cutting the C/C composite material into two sheets with the sizes of 5mm × 5mm × 3mm and 10mm × 10mm × 3mm 353 mm by adopting a wire cut electrical discharge machine, then sequentially grinding the parts to be welded by adopting 240#, 600# and 1000# sandpaper, and then putting the parts into an acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 20min to obtain the C/C composite material to be welded;
secondly, tabletting 0.2g of AgCuTi powder brazing filler metal at room temperature by using a tabletting machine, controlling the applied pressure to be 2MPa, and keeping for 2min to obtain a button-shaped brazing filler metal sheet with the diameter of 10 mm;
thirdly, stacking the C/C composite material to be welded with the size of 10mm × 10mm × 3mm, the brazing filler metal sheet obtained in the second step and the C/C composite material to be welded with the size of 5mm × 5mm × 3mm 353 mm in sequence for combination and assembly, and compacting by using a graphite block to obtain a sample to be welded;
fourthly, placing the sample to be welded obtained in the third step on a heating table of a vacuum brazing furnace, and vacuumizing to 5 × 10-3And (3) heating and brazing Pa, controlling the brazing temperature to 890 ℃, keeping the temperature for 20min, and then cooling to room temperature at the cooling speed of 5 ℃/min to finish brazing.
Fig. 2 shows a microstructure backscattering picture of a soldered connection joint of a C/C composite material obtained without introducing a graphene sponge intermediate layer in the comparative test.
By comparing fig. 1 and fig. 2, it can be found that the addition of the graphene intermediate layer effectively inhibits the brittle Cu in the brazing seam2And the TiC stripe phase generated after the Ti compound is generated and the graphene intermediate layer is added has the effect of refining the brazing seam structure, so that the brazing seam structure is homogenized, and the joint performance is effectively improved.
An electronic universal testing machine is used for carrying out a shearing test, the loading speed is 0.5mm/min, and the room-temperature shearing strength of the connecting joint obtained by the graphene sponge intermediate layer assisted brazing method reaches 55 MPa. Under the same parameters, the room-temperature shear strength of the connecting joint obtained by direct brazing without introducing the intermediate layer is only 35 MPa.
Example two:
the method for auxiliary brazing of the graphene sponge middle layer specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, cutting the C/C composite material into two sheets with the sizes of 5mm × 5mm × 3mm and 10mm × 10mm × 3mm 353 mm by adopting a wire cut electrical discharge machine, then sequentially grinding the parts to be welded by adopting 240#, 600# and 1000# sandpaper, and then putting the parts into an acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 20min to obtain the C/C composite material to be welded;
secondly, cutting the graphene sponge into sheets with the thickness of 3mm along the direction parallel to the cross section by adopting a stainless steel blade to obtain a graphene sponge middle layer;
thirdly, tabletting 0.2g of AgCuTi powder brazing filler metal at room temperature by using a tabletting machine, controlling the applied pressure to be 2MPa, and keeping for 2min to obtain a button-shaped brazing filler metal sheet with the diameter of 10 mm;
fourthly, sequentially stacking the C/C composite material to be welded with the size of 10mm × 10mm × 3mm, the graphene sponge intermediate layer obtained in the second step, the brazing sheet obtained in the third step and the C/C composite material to be welded with the size of 5mm × 5mm × 3mm 353 mm for combined assembly, and pressing the materials by using a graphite block to obtain a sample to be welded;
fifthly, placing the sample to be welded obtained in the fourth step on a heating table of a vacuum brazing furnace, and vacuumizing to 5 × 10-3And Pa, performing heating brazing, controlling the brazing temperature to be 830 ℃, keeping the temperature for 20min, and then cooling to room temperature at the cooling speed of 5 ℃/min to finish the auxiliary brazing method for the graphene sponge middle layer.
An electronic universal testing machine is used for carrying out a shearing test, the loading speed is 0.5mm/min, and the room-temperature shearing strength of the connecting joint obtained by the graphene sponge intermediate layer assisted brazing method in the embodiment reaches 36 MPa. Under the same parameters, the room-temperature shear strength of the connecting joint obtained by direct brazing without introducing the intermediate layer is only 24 MPa.
Example three:
the method for auxiliary brazing of the graphene sponge middle layer specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, cutting the C/C composite material into two sheets with the sizes of 5mm × 5mm × 3mm and 10mm × 10mm × 3mm 353 mm by adopting a wire cut electrical discharge machine, then sequentially grinding the parts to be welded by adopting 240#, 600# and 1000# sandpaper, and then putting the parts into an acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 20min to obtain the C/C composite material to be welded;
secondly, cutting the graphene sponge into sheets with the thickness of 3mm along the direction parallel to the cross section by adopting a stainless steel blade to obtain a graphene sponge middle layer;
thirdly, tabletting 0.2g of AgCuTi powder brazing filler metal at room temperature by using a tabletting machine, controlling the applied pressure to be 2MPa, and keeping for 2min to obtain a button-shaped brazing filler metal sheet with the diameter of 10 mm;
fourthly, sequentially stacking the C/C composite material to be welded with the size of 10mm × 10mm × 3mm, the graphene sponge intermediate layer obtained in the second step, the brazing sheet obtained in the third step and the C/C composite material to be welded with the size of 5mm × 5mm × 3mm 353 mm for combined assembly, and pressing the materials by using a graphite block to obtain a sample to be welded;
fifthly, placing the sample to be welded obtained in the fourth step on a heating table of a vacuum brazing furnace, and vacuumizing to 5 × 10-3And Pa, performing heating brazing, controlling the brazing temperature to be 890 ℃, keeping the temperature for 40min, and then cooling to room temperature at the cooling speed of 5 ℃/min to finish the auxiliary brazing method for the graphene sponge middle layer.
An electronic universal testing machine is used for carrying out a shearing test, the loading speed is 0.5mm/min, and the room-temperature shearing strength of the connecting joint obtained by the graphene sponge intermediate layer assisted brazing method in the embodiment reaches 46 MPa. Under the same parameters, the room-temperature shear strength of the connecting joint obtained by direct brazing without introducing the intermediate layer is only 37 MPa.
Claims (9)
1. The method for auxiliary brazing of the graphene sponge middle layer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, cutting the C/C composite material into slices with the thickness of 2-3 mm, then polishing the parts to be welded by using sand paper, and then putting the parts into an acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning to obtain the C/C composite material to be welded;
secondly, cutting the graphene sponge into sheets along a direction parallel to the cross section to obtain a graphene sponge intermediate layer;
thirdly, tabletting the AgCuTi powder brazing filler metal at room temperature to obtain a button-shaped brazing filler metal sheet with the diameter of 8-12 mm;
fourthly, stacking the graphene sponge intermediate layer obtained in the second step and the brazing filler metal sheet obtained in the third step between the two C/C composite materials to be welded obtained in the first step for combined assembly, and pressing the C/C composite materials with a graphite block to obtain a sample to be welded;
fifthly, placing the sample to be welded obtained in the fourth step on a heating table of a vacuum brazing furnace, and vacuumizing to 5 × 10-3Pa is advancedHeating and brazing are carried out, the brazing temperature is controlled to be 830-920 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10-40 min, and then the graphene sponge intermediate layer is cooled to the room temperature at the cooling speed of 5 ℃/min, so that the method for auxiliary brazing of the graphene sponge intermediate layer is completed;
and in the second step, the thickness of the graphene sponge middle layer is 0.3-6 mm.
2. The method for auxiliary brazing of the graphene sponge middle layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the C/C composite material is cut by a wire-cut electrical discharge machine.
3. The method for auxiliary brazing of the graphene sponge middle layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the positions to be brazed are ground by using 240#, 600# and 1000# sandpaper in sequence.
4. The method for auxiliary brazing of the graphene sponge middle layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, ultrasonic cleaning is performed in acetone solution for 20 min.
5. The method for auxiliary brazing of the graphene sponge middle layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass of the AgCuTi powder brazing filler metal in the third step is 0.2 g.
6. The method for auxiliary brazing of the graphene sponge middle layer according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, during tabletting, the applied pressure is controlled to be 2MPa and is kept for 2-3 min.
7. The method for auxiliary brazing of the graphene sponge middle layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the C/C composite material is cut into two pieces of C/C composite materials to be welded with the size of 5mm × 5mm × 3mm and 10mm × 10mm × 3mm in the first step, and the C/C composite materials to be welded with the size of 10mm × 10mm × 3mm 363 mm, the graphene sponge middle layer obtained in the second step, the brazing filler metal pieces obtained in the third step and the C/C composite materials to be welded with the size of 5mm × 5mm × 3mm are sequentially stacked, combined and assembled and pressed by graphite blocks.
8. The method for auxiliary brazing of the graphene sponge middle layer according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the brazing temperature is controlled to be 890 ℃ and the holding time is 20 min.
9. The method for auxiliary brazing of the graphene sponge middle layer according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the brazing temperature is controlled to be 830 ℃, and the holding time is 20 min.
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| CN110270729B (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-04-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for brazing Ti-Al alloy and ceramic with graphene barrier layer |
| CN112404631B (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2022-06-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for soldering dissimilar materials with assistance of carbon nanotube sponge intermediate layer |
| CN112935621B (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2022-05-31 | 西安理工大学 | Welding wire for graphene-enhanced TA1-Q345 middle layer and preparation method |
| CN113430414B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-03-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for improving high-temperature oxidation resistance of AgCu alloy by using three-dimensional network reinforcing phase |
| CN115556436B (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-03-03 | 长沙威尔保新材料有限公司 | Preparation method of multilayer alloy wear-resistant composite material |
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