CN113275683B - Preparation method of metal ceramic composite material with overlapped double bionic structures - Google Patents
Preparation method of metal ceramic composite material with overlapped double bionic structures Download PDFInfo
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- CN113275683B CN113275683B CN202110332016.2A CN202110332016A CN113275683B CN 113275683 B CN113275683 B CN 113275683B CN 202110332016 A CN202110332016 A CN 202110332016A CN 113275683 B CN113275683 B CN 113275683B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
- B23K1/206—Cleaning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/362—Laser etching
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
- B23K2103/52—Ceramics
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a metal ceramic composite material with a double bionic structure, which comprises the steps of carving blind meshes with regular arrays on the front and back surfaces of a ceramic strip by using an optical fiber laser, superposing the ceramic strip on the ceramic strip and carving the blind meshes with the regular arrays, repeating the steps until all the ceramic strips are superposed and carved, and superposing all the ceramic strips to form a spiral structure; cooling the ceramic strips to normal temperature, polishing, ultrasonically cleaning and drying; stacking the ceramic strips in a mold sprayed with boron nitride coating, placing foil-shaped brazing filler metal between every two layers of ceramic strips to obtain a composite material, synchronously rotating the foil-shaped brazing filler metal according to the ceramic strips by a torsion angle alpha, and placing the composite material in a vacuum furnace for pressure brazing; and (4) after the brazing is finished, removing the die, polishing the composite material and then cleaning. The prepared metal ceramic composite material has double functions of a spiral structure and a brick mud structure, and the integral toughness and damage tolerance are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a metal ceramic composite material with overlapped double bionic structures, and belongs to the technical field of composite materials.
Background
The ceramic material has the advantages of high strength, high modulus, high hardness, low density and the like, but the damage tolerance is poor and the toughness is low, which restricts the application range of the ceramic material. In order to improve the damage tolerance of the structural ceramic, the ceramic matrix composite based on bionics is widely concerned, wherein the ceramic matrix composite with the brick mud structure is most widely researched, and the design idea of the material is to use the staggered stacking junction of aragonite wafers special for shell pearl layers for referenceThe common methods include a frozen ice template method, a co-extrusion molding method, a granulation guniting coating method and the like. Although the methods improve the toughness and damage tolerance of the material to a certain extent, the composite materials prepared by the methods are difficult to densify, and the shape and size of the ceramic tile are uncontrollable, so that the ceramic tile is difficult to produce in mass. Later, some researchers proposed that the ceramic matrix bionic composite material is prepared by adopting a bonding method, such as 'shell-like regular hexagon Al' published in 2019 by people such as Baiming Ming et Al 2 O 3 Preparation and characterization of epoxy resin layered composite Material 2 O 3 The ceramic blocks are bonded and cured through epoxy resin, so that the bionic ceramic matrix composite is prepared, although a brick mud structure of a shell pearl layer is simulated structurally, due to the fact that the size of a single ceramic piece is too large and the ceramic pieces are independent from each other, the ubiquitous hard connection (generally called as a bridge) between the Chinese stone wafers in the actual shell cannot be introduced, the fracture work of the composite is almost not obviously improved compared with that of pure ceramic, and the damage tolerance is improved very little.
Recently, as proposed in the publication of "Learning from nature" to break the performance trade of Zian Jia et al 2019, the composite material comprising multiple bionic structures often has more excellent comprehensive mechanical properties than the composite material with single bionic structure. Especially, people find and experimentally verify that the most distinctive spiral structure in the overall layers of the mantis shrimp hammerhead greatly improves the toughness of the material, and by means of the spiral structure of the mantis shrimp hammerhead and the brick mud structure of the shells, the composite material structure can be designed to be superposed into the two bionic structures. However, due to the material preparation means, the existing composite material with multiple bionic structure superposition is generally formed by compounding two polymers of soft and hard through a 3D printing method, such as: rigid polymer/rubber-like soft polymer [ Kaijin Wu, PNAS, 2020; Sina Askarinejad, Composite Structures, 2018], glassy polymer/rubbery polymer [ Zian Jia, Acta, 2019; Zian Jia, Materials & Design, 2019], polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyurethane [ Kwonhan Ko, Composite Part B, 2019], but this method is not yet suitable for the preparation of cermet composites.
Therefore, the development of the preparation method of the metal ceramic composite material with the superposed multiple bionic structures has important practical significance for improving the damage tolerance of the ceramic matrix composite material and widening the application range of the ceramic product.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a preparation method of a metal ceramic composite material with a superimposed double bionic structure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a preparation method of a metal ceramic composite material with a superimposed double bionic structure, which comprises the following steps:
drawing regular shape arrays in the fiber laser, wherein the regular shapes are arranged in a brick mud structure in a staggered mode;
carving the blind meshes of the regular-shaped arrays on the front and back surfaces of the ceramic strips by using the optical fiber laser, then superposing one ceramic strip on the ceramic strips after carving is finished, carving the blind meshes of the regular-shaped arrays on the front and back surfaces of the newly superposed ceramic strips, repeating the steps until all the ceramic strips are superposed and carved, rotating the newly superposed ceramic strips by a torsion angle alpha relative to the length direction of the ceramic strips positioned on the layer below the newly superposed ceramic strips, and superposing all the ceramic strips to form a spiral structure;
cooling the ceramic strips to normal temperature, polishing, ultrasonically cleaning and drying;
stacking the ceramic strips in a mold sprayed with boron nitride coating, placing foil-shaped brazing filler metal between every two layers of ceramic strips to obtain a composite material, and placing the composite material in a vacuum furnace for pressure brazing;
and (3) after the brazing is finished, removing the die, polishing the composite material and then cleaning to obtain the metal ceramic composite material with the overlapped double bionic structures.
Preferably, the foil-shaped brazing filler metal synchronously rotates by a torsion angle alpha according to the ceramic strips positioned on the upper layer, the laser power of the optical fiber laser is set to be not more than 10W, the processing line width of the optical fiber laser is 0.05-0.2 mm, and the processing speed of the optical fiber laser is 10-100 mm/s.
Preferentially, cooling the ceramic strips carved by the fiber laser to normal temperature, polishing the surfaces of the ceramic strips, ultrasonically cleaning for 10min, drying, sequentially stacking 20 dried ceramic strips in a graphite mold with the inner wall sprayed with boron nitride coating, and placing two foil-shaped brazing materials between every two layers of ceramic strips; brazing by using a vacuum diffusion welder, wherein the brazing temperature is 500-1100 ℃, the brazing pressure is 0.5-2 MPa, the brazing heat preservation time is 15-25min, and the vacuum degree in the brazing process is not lower than 2.0 multiplied by 10 -3 And MPa, cooling the composite material along with the vacuum furnace after brazing is finished, and taking out the composite material.
Preferably, the preparation of the ceramic strip comprises:
placing the pressureless sintered ceramic slice after tape casting on an optical fiber laser processing table, and adjusting the levelness of the optical fiber laser processing table to ensure that the surface of the ceramic slice is superposed with a laser focal plane, wherein the error between the levelness of the optical fiber laser processing table and the laser focal plane is not more than 0.05 mm;
step 2: setting the laser power to be 10W and the processing speed to be 10mm/s, opening a laser control switch, dividing the ceramic sheet into a plurality of strips with the same size, and breaking the ceramic sheet along a laser notch after the laser processing is finished to obtain the ceramic strips.
Preferably, the ratio of the depth of the blind grid/the thickness of the ceramic strips is in the range of [0.4,0.6 ].
Preferably, a rectangular array is drawn in the fiber laser, the shape of the blind grid being rectangular.
Preferably, the length and width of the ceramic strips are 100mm × 20mm, the thickness of the ceramic strips is 0.1-1 mm, and the projected shape of the foil-shaped brazing filler metal is the same as the projected shape of the ceramic strips.
Preferably, the thickness of the foil-shaped brazing filler metal is 50-300 mu m, and the component of the foil-shaped brazing filler metal is Ag 70-Cu-Ti4.5.
Preferably, the ceramic strips are at least one of zirconium boride, silicon nitride, boron carbide, silicon carbide, zirconia and zirconia toughened alumina sheets.
Preferably, the angle of torsionαIs 5-30 degrees.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention adopts the brazing process to realize the double bionic structure in the same composite material, and has the double functions of the spiral structure and the brick mud structure, so that the toughness and the damage tolerance of the whole composite material are greatly improved, and the composite material is matched with the blocky ZrO 2 Compared with ceramics, the addition of the metal solder improves the fracture work to be pure ZrO 2 1.7 times of the ceramic, which shows that the composite material has more energy absorption mechanism in the damage process, and ZrO 2 The deformation amount of the AgCuTi composite material before damage (namely when the strength is attenuated to 80 percent of the strength limit) is larger than that of pure ZrO 2 The ceramic is improved by nearly one time, which shows that the composite material has larger damage tolerance on the premise of meeting higher strength, and can be applied to a wider space as a structural material;
(2) according to the invention, the ceramic is used as a rigid matrix, the metal brazing filler metal is used as a flexible interface layer, the brazing filler metal can be optimized according to different ceramic types and material application scene requirements, the process adaptability is wide, and the requirements under different application conditions can be met;
(3) the invention adopts the fiber laser to carve regular grids on the ceramic strips, can obtain the ceramic brick structure with controllable size and shape, and has rigid ceramic bridges between the blind grid layers, which is beneficial to improving the comprehensive mechanical property of the composite material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows ZrO prepared by the process of the present invention 2 The structure diagram of the/AgCuTi composite material;
FIG. 2 is ZrO 2 A schematic optical diagram of a side of a ceramic strip laser kerf;
FIG. 3 shows ZrO in examples 2 Load-displacement curve diagram of/AgCuTi metal ceramic composite material.
Detailed Description
The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Overlapped ZrO with double bionic structures 2 The preparation method of the/AgCuTi composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1: buyPressureless sintered ZrO after tape casting 2 Ceramic flakes, ZrO 2 The ceramic flakes have a size of 100mm × 100mm × 0.5mm, and ZrO is ground 2 Placing the ceramic sheet on an optical fiber laser processing table, and adjusting the levelness of the optical fiber laser processing table to enable ZrO 2 The surface of the ceramic sheet is coincident with the focal plane of the laser, ZrO 2 The error between the surface of the ceramic slice and the focal plane of the laser is not more than 0.05 mm;
step 2: in order to divide a ceramic slice of 100mm multiplied by 0.5mm into 5 ceramic slices of 100mm multiplied by 20mm multiplied by 0.5mm in size, drawing 4 straight line segments of 20mm in distance and 120mm in length in fiber laser control interface software, setting the laser power of a fiber laser to be 10W, the processing speed to be 10mm/s and the processing times to be 100 times, opening a control switch of the fiber laser, slightly breaking the ceramic slices along laser cuts after the laser processing is finished to obtain rectangular ceramic slices, and repeating the steps until 20 ZrO slices of 100mm multiplied by 20mm multiplied by 0.5mm are obtained 2 Ceramic strips;
and step 3: drawing a regular rectangular array in fiber laser control interface software, wherein the length of each rectangle is 10mm, the width of each rectangle is 2mm, the rectangles are arranged in a brick-clay structure in a staggered mode, the laser power of a fiber laser is set to be 5W, the processing line width is 0.1mm, the processing speed is 50mm/s, the processing times are 3 times, a control switch of the fiber laser is turned on, and ZrO is arranged at the position of 100mm multiplied by 20mm multiplied by 0.5mm 2 Regular rectangular grids are carved on the front surface and the back surface of each ceramic strip in a staggered mode, the torsion angle of each ceramic strip increases progressively along the length direction by 5 degrees before laser processing, namely the first ceramic strip does not rotate, the rotation angle of the second ceramic strip is 5 degrees by taking the first ceramic strip as a reference object, the rotation angle of the third ceramic strip is 10 degrees by taking the first ceramic strip as the reference object, the rotation angle of the fourth ceramic strip is 15 degrees by taking the first ceramic strip as the reference object, and the like, the depth of the rectangular grid after laser processing is about 0.25mm, the depth of the grid/the thickness of the ceramic sheet is about 0.5, the radius of the top end of the grid at the bottom of a laser notch is about 0.05mm, and an optical photo of a single notch is shown in figure 1; the foil-shaped brazing filler metal is arranged between the ceramic plates, and the brazing filler metal can penetrate into the impermeable grids of the regular-shaped arrays after being heated in the brazing process.
And 4, step 4: subjecting the laser-processed ZrO 2 Cooling the ceramic strips to normal temperature, polishing the laser processing surface, ultrasonically cleaning for 10min, drying, and drying 20 pieces of dried ZrO 2 Sequentially stacking ceramic strips in a graphite die with BN coating sprayed on the inner wall, placing two pieces of foil-shaped Ag70-Cu-Ti4.5 brazing filler metal with the thickness of 80 mu m and the same projection area shape as the ceramic strips between each layer of ceramic strips, brazing by a vacuum diffusion welder at the brazing temperature of 850 ℃, the pressure of 2MPa and the heat preservation time of 20min, wherein the vacuum degree in the brazing process is not lower than 2.0 multiplied by 10 -3 MPa, cooling along with the furnace after brazing is finished and taking out;
and 5: ZrO to be prepared 2 The AgCuTi metal ceramic composite material is ground and polished by sand paper into a bending strength test sample with the thickness of 100mm multiplied by 20mm multiplied by 13mm, and ZrO is tested by an Archimedes method 2 The density of the/AgCuTi metal ceramic composite material is 99.2 percent and is almost completely compact; obtaining ZrO by three-point bending 2 The strength-displacement curve of the/AgCuTi metal ceramic composite material is shown in figure 2. With bulk ZrO 2 Compared with ceramics, ZrO due to addition of metal solder 2 The strength of the/AgCuTi metal ceramic composite material is reduced from 446MPa to 257MPa, but the breaking work is improved to pure ZrO 2 The ceramic is 1.7 times that of the ceramic, and the composite material has more energy absorption mechanisms in the damage process. Furthermore, ZrO 2 The deformation amount of the AgCuTi composite material before failure (namely when the strength is attenuated to 80 percent of the strength limit) is larger than that of pure ZrO 2 The ceramic is improved by nearly one time, which shows that the composite material has larger damage tolerance on the premise of meeting higher strength, and can be applied to wider space as a structural material.
The fiber laser and the vacuum furnace can be in various types in the prior art, and those skilled in the art can select the appropriate type according to actual requirements, and the embodiments are not illustrated.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a metal ceramic composite material with a double bionic structure stack is characterized by comprising the following steps:
drawing regular shape arrays in the fiber laser, wherein the regular shapes are arranged in a brick mud structure in a staggered mode;
carving the blind meshes of the regular-shaped arrays on the front and back surfaces of the ceramic strips by using the optical fiber laser, then superposing one ceramic strip on the ceramic strips after carving is finished, carving the blind meshes of the regular-shaped arrays on the front and back surfaces of the newly superposed ceramic strips, repeating the steps until all the ceramic strips are superposed and carved, rotating the newly superposed ceramic strips by a torsion angle alpha relative to the length direction of the ceramic strips positioned on the layer below the newly superposed ceramic strips, and superposing all the ceramic strips to form a spiral structure;
cooling the ceramic strips to normal temperature, polishing, ultrasonically cleaning and drying;
stacking the ceramic strips in a mold sprayed with boron nitride coating, placing foil-shaped brazing filler metal between every two layers of ceramic sheets to obtain a composite material, and placing the composite material in a vacuum furnace for pressure brazing;
and (3) after the brazing is finished, removing the die, polishing the composite material and then cleaning to obtain the metal ceramic composite material with the overlapped double bionic structures.
2. The preparation method of the metal ceramic composite material with the overlapped double bionic structures as claimed in claim 1, wherein the foil-shaped brazing filler metal rotates synchronously by a torsion angle α according to the ceramic strips on the upper layer, the laser power of the fiber laser is set to be not more than 10W, the processing line width of the fiber laser is 0.05-0.2 mm, and the processing speed of the fiber laser is 10-100 mm/s.
3. The method for preparing a metal ceramic composite material with a superimposed dual bionic structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ceramic strips engraved by the fiber laser are cooled to normal temperature, and the ceramic strips are polishedThe surface is cleaned by ultrasonic for 10min and then dried, 20 dried ceramic strips are sequentially stacked in a graphite mould with the inner wall sprayed with boron nitride coating, and two pieces of foil-shaped brazing filler metal are placed between every two layers of ceramic strips; brazing by using a vacuum diffusion welder, wherein the brazing temperature is 500-1100 ℃, the brazing pressure is 0.5-2 MPa, the brazing heat preservation time is 15-25min, and the vacuum degree in the brazing process is not lower than 2.0 multiplied by 10 -3 And MPa, cooling the composite material along with the vacuum furnace after brazing is finished, and taking out the composite material.
4. The preparation method of the metal ceramic composite material with the superimposed double bionic structures, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the preparation of the ceramic strips comprises the following steps:
placing the pressureless sintered ceramic slice after tape casting on an optical fiber laser processing table, and adjusting the levelness of the optical fiber laser processing table to ensure that the surface of the ceramic slice is superposed with a laser focal plane, wherein the error between the levelness of the optical fiber laser processing table and the laser focal plane is not more than 0.05 mm;
step 2: setting the laser power to be 10W and the processing speed to be 10mm/s, opening a laser control switch, dividing the ceramic sheet into a plurality of strips with the same size, and breaking the ceramic sheet along a laser notch after the laser processing is finished to obtain the ceramic strips.
5. The method for preparing a metal ceramic composite material with a superimposed double bionic structure according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the depth of the impermeable grid to the thickness of the ceramic strips is [0.4,0.6 ].
6. The method for preparing a metal ceramic composite material with a superimposed dual bionic structure according to claim 1, wherein a rectangular array is drawn in the fiber laser, and the shape of the opaque mesh is rectangular.
7. The preparation method of the metal ceramic composite material with the overlapped double bionic structures as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length and width of the ceramic strips are 100mm x 20mm, the thickness of the ceramic strips is 0.1-1 mm, and the projection shape of the foil-shaped brazing filler metal is the same as that of the ceramic strips.
8. The preparation method of the metal ceramic composite material with the overlapped double bionic structures as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the foil-shaped brazing filler metal is 50-300 μm, and the component of the foil-shaped brazing filler metal is Ag 70-Cu-Ti4.5.
9. The method for preparing a metal ceramic composite material with a superimposed dual biomimetic structure according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic strips are at least one of a zirconium boride sheet, a silicon nitride sheet, a boron carbide sheet, a silicon carbide sheet, a zirconium oxide sheet and a zirconium oxide toughened aluminum oxide sheet.
10. The method for preparing the metal ceramic composite material with the superimposed double bionic structures as claimed in claim 1, wherein the torsion angle isαIs 5-30 degrees.
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| AT394331B (en) * | 1990-09-21 | 1992-03-10 | Plansee Metallwerk | METHOD FOR PRODUCING HIGH-STRENGTH SOLDERED CONNECTIONS |
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| CN105195846B (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2017-04-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Multi-scale combined method for improving strength of soldered joint made of conductive ceramic base materials |
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