CN1050285A - 双电荷层电容器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种双电荷层电容器有两个各自包含多个每个
由多孔烧结体组成的薄板状电极单元的极化电极,以
及两个结合到极化电极的电极单元的表面的集电
极。该电极单元由空隙隔开,该空隙用各自由活性炭
粉末和电解液的混合糊状物构成的糊状电极加以填
满。
Description
本发明涉及一种利用双电荷层原理、具有大静电电容的双电荷层电容器。
近来,已经研制出用作电子系统存储器备用电源的基于双电荷层原理的大容量电容器,并将其广泛应用于微计算机和集成电路(IC)存储器。
例如,在美国专利第3,536,963号中公开了一种双电荷层电容器。附图6表示了该公开的双电荷层电容器的结构。该双电荷层电容器含有一单个基本单元,该基本单元包含有:一对用作集电极对的电子导体的集电极30、一对用活性碳粒子制成的碳电极20、不导电的密封垫和一块用以防止电子在碳电极20间移动、位于所述电极20间的隔离板40。碳电极20由粉末状或颗粒状活性碳和一种电解质混合的凝缩悬浮液作为糊状电极制成。该电解质执行三个功能,即作为离子导电的加速剂、离子源和碳粒子的胶合剂。
减小双电荷层电容器的内阻是重要的。双电荷层电容器的内阻受形成极化电极的活性碳的接触电阻和集电极与极化电极之间的接触电阻的影响很大。
因此,为减小极化电极的内阻和集电极与极化电极间的接触电阻,每个基本单元应保持在垂直压力之下,使糊状活性碳的粒子处于良好的相互电接触状态。常规双电荷层电容所需加在每一基本单元上的压力虽然取决于电极的尺寸、碳材料粒子的尺寸或所用电解质的种类,但应保持约100kg/cm2的压强下。在先有的双电荷层电容器中,通过使电容器外壳变形或将集电极牢牢地结合于密封垫上而使该单元保持在受压状态。如果准备将一个双电荷层电容器用作大容量电容器,例如,用以驱动马达的电源,则必须增大基本单元电极的截面面积。因此,施加于该基本单元的压力也必须增大。然而,增大压力会导致一些实际问题,诸如施加压力装置的选择和对装有基本单元的外壳的高刚性要求。
为解决上述问题,本申请人曾提出过一种双电荷层电容器,该电容器有各自呈多孔烧结体形态的极化电极和各自由混合在基底中导电细微粒子组成的导电材料制成的集电极,该集电极被附着到所述极化电极的一个表面上,并渗入该极化电极的细孔(参见日本特许公报第1(1989)-232243号)。由于将极化电极构成多孔烧结体的薄板,所以该双电荷层电容器具有很小的内电阻。如果为较大静电电容而增大该电极尺寸,因为该多孔烧结体密度小,于是就减小了它的机械强度,从而使该电极在遭受外界弯曲或扭力荷载时易于破碎。又,制备大尺寸烧结电极需要昂贵的模具,因此,还存在成本提高的问题。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种具有由在极化电极和电解质中的界面构成的双电荷层的双电荷层电容器,该双电荷层电容器具有减小的极化电极的内电阻和减小的集电极与极化电极间的接触电阻,并被安排成可防止电极的破损,并可廉价进行制作。
本发明提供一种具有由在极化电极和电解质中的界面构成的双电荷层的双电荷层电容器,它含有:至少两个各自包含多个每个由多孔烧结体组成的薄板状电极单元的极化电极,所述极化电极具有彼此相对而不接触地配置的表面;两个结合到电极单元另外表面上的集电极,所述电极单元由空隙加以间隔开;填满在所述空隙中各自由活性碳粉末和电解液的混合糊状物构成的糊状电极;以及配置在集电极之间并环绕极化电极的密封垫,该密封垫和集电极的周边连续结合起来。
本发明的上述以及其它目的、特征和优点通过下面描述并结合以图示实例的方法表示本发明的最佳实施例的附图将变得更加明确。
图 1是根据本发明一实施例的双电荷层电容器的局部截面图,
图 2是沿图1的Ⅱ-Ⅱ剖线所取的截面图,
图 3是双电荷层电容器的截面图,
图 4是根据本发明另一实施例的双电荷层电容器的局部截面图,
图 5是根据本发明再一个实施例的双电荷层电容器的局部截面图,以及
图 6是常规双电荷层电容器的截面图。
如图1、2和3所示,双电荷层电容器包含一对各自由绝缘材料制成并具有适当宽度的密封垫1a、1b,该密封垫1a、1b围绕住整个矩形结构的周边。
该双电荷层电容器具有多个各自呈多孔烧结体形态、由细微粒子活性碳通过焙烧或等离子喷涂制成的薄板状矩形电极单元2a,该电极单元2a被成形为蜂窝状结构并用作第一极化电极。由于通过在每个电极单元2a中进行烧结使活性碳粒子结合在一起,所以该电极单元2a具有低的内电阻。该电极单元2a由于它们具有多孔性故而 表面积很大。该电极单元2a用电解液加以浸渍。
该双电荷层电容器还具有多个各自呈多孔烧体形态、由细微粒子活性碳通过焙烧或等离子喷涂制成的薄板状矩形电极单元2b,将该电极单元2b成形为蜂窝状结构并用作第二极化电极。该电极单元2a和电极单元2b具有相对而互不接触的表面。该电极单元2a、2b的反向表面分别与集电极3a、3b保持接触,并电连接在一起。每一集电极3a、3b如下进行制作:将导电细微粒子混合在未硫化橡胶中作为基底,并通过热处理使所述混合物附着到电极单元上。各集电极的材料就这样渗入多孔电极单元的微孔,并使各集电极的周边缘与密封垫1a、1b的整个环形边缘紧密接触而得以紧固。
将各自由活性碳和电解液的混合糊状物制成的糊状电极5a、5b填满在电极单元2a之间的空隙和电极单元2b之间的空隙中。由集电极3a、3b聚集由糊状电极5a、5b的活性碳所存储的电荷。
在由电极单元2a、糊状电极5a、集电极3a和密封垫1a构成的第一极化电极的结构组成与由电极单元2b、糊状电极5b、集电极3b和密封垫1b构成的第二极化电极的另一结构组成之间,插入有一用诸如聚丙烯那样的无纺织品制成的隔离板4,所述隔离板4用以使电极单元2a、2b和糊状电极5a、5b互不接触,从而制止电子在电极单元的糊状电极之间移动,却允许离子在其间移动。当将以上结构相互迭加时,在所述极化电极之间安置隔离板4,并把隔离板4的外周边牢固地结合到密封垫1a、1b上。
由与电极单元2a、2b和糊状电极5a、5b结合或保持附着状态的集电极3a、3b聚集通过用电解液浸渍的电极单元2a、2b和通过糊状电极5a、5b的细性碳粒子所存储的电荷。由于构成极化电极的电极单元2a、2b是由薄板状多孔烧结体制成的,通过电极单元的活性碳存储的电荷是经由低内阻通路由集电极3a、3b加以聚集的。因此,该双电荷层电容器具有低的内电阻。所述极化电极由与集电极3a、3b并联的电极单元2a、2b构成,通过电极单元存储的电荷虽然单个的能级很小但都结合在一起,而且通过糊状电极5a、5b存储的电荷也加到其中。结果,该双电荷层电容器具有大的静电电容。因为极化电极的电极单元2a、2b的尺寸很小,所以即使在有外力加到电容器上时,电容器的任何变形或扭歪是小的,同时,加到电容器上的应力得以扩散和分布。因此,可避免出现电容器由于受过度外力而遭损坏的情况。
图4局部地示出根据本发明另一实施例的双电荷层电容器。图4中示出的那些与图1至图3中示出的相同的部件都用相同标号予以标示,并且在下面将不加细述。在图4所示实施例中,各自呈多孔烧结体形态、由活性碳制成并用作极化电极的电极单元21a(21b)各自成形为正方形结构。该电极单元21a(21b)之间用小空隙加以隔开,并结合到集电极3a(3b)。用活性碳粉末和电解液的混合糊状物制成的糊状电极51a(51b)填满电极单元21a(21b)之间的小空隙。该电极单元用电解液加以浸渍,两个结构件用一隔离板插于其间并相互迭加和结合,从而完成一个双电荷层电容器。
图5局部地示出根据本发明再一个实施例的双电荷层电容器。图5中示出的那些与图1至图3中示出的相同的部件都用相同标号予以标示,并且在下面将不加细述。在图5所示实施例中,各自呈多孔烧结体形态、由活性碳制成并用作极化电极的电极单元22a(22b)各自成形为圆形结构。该电极单元22a(22b)之间用小空隙加以隔开,并结合到集电极3a(3b)。用活性碳粉末和电解液的混合糊状物制成的糊状电极52a(52b)填满电极单元22a(22b)之间的小空隙。
虽然示出并描述了一些最佳实施例,但应该理解,在不违背附加的权利要求范围的情况下,仍可能作出很多的变化和变型。
Claims (6)
1、一种具有由在极化电极和电解质中的界面构成的双电荷层的双电荷层电容器,它包含:
至少两个各自包含多个每个由多孔烧结体组成的薄板状电极单元的极化电极,所述极化电极具有彼此相对而互不接触配置的表面,
两个结合到所述电极单元另外表面上的集电极,所述电极单元由空隙加以隔开,
填满在所述空隙中并各自由活性碳粉末和电解液的混合糊状物构成的糊状电极,以及
配置在集电极之间并环绕所述极化电极的密封垫,所述密封垫和所述集电极的周边边缘结合起来。
2、根据权利要求1的双电荷层电容器,其特征在于所述电极单元被安排成蜂窝状结构。
3、根据权利要求1的双电荷层电容器,其特征在于每个所述电极单元具有正方形造型。
4、根据权利要求1的双电荷层电容器,其特征在于每个所述电极单元具有圆形的造型。
5、根据权利要求1的双电荷层电容器,其特征在于每个所述集电极包含一个用导电细微粒子混合于其中的未硫化橡胶的基底,所述集电极通过对该未硫化橡胶热处理而固定到所述电极单元上。
6、根据权利要求1的双电荷层电容器,其特征在于另外包含一块介于所述极化电极之间的隔离板,用以制止电子在所述极化电极之间移动,却允许离子在其间移动。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP238772/89 | 1989-09-14 | ||
JP1238772A JPH067539B2 (ja) | 1989-09-14 | 1989-09-14 | 電気二重層コンデンサ |
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CN1050285A true CN1050285A (zh) | 1991-03-27 |
CN1023520C CN1023520C (zh) | 1994-01-12 |
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CN90107824A Expired - Fee Related CN1023520C (zh) | 1989-09-14 | 1990-09-14 | 双电荷层电容器 |
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US (1) | US5121301A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0417950B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH067539B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR910007014A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1023520C (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2023548C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69015525T2 (zh) |
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JPH071829U (ja) * | 1993-06-11 | 1995-01-13 | 株式会社ナイキ | 家具等の固定具 |
US5621607A (en) * | 1994-10-07 | 1997-04-15 | Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. | High performance double layer capacitors including aluminum carbon composite electrodes |
US6233135B1 (en) | 1994-10-07 | 2001-05-15 | Maxwell Energy Products, Inc. | Multi-electrode double layer capacitor having single electrolyte seal and aluminum-impregnated carbon cloth electrodes |
US5862035A (en) * | 1994-10-07 | 1999-01-19 | Maxwell Energy Products, Inc. | Multi-electrode double layer capacitor having single electrolyte seal and aluminum-impregnated carbon cloth electrodes |
US5621609A (en) * | 1994-12-09 | 1997-04-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Composite electrode materials for high energy and high power density energy storage devices |
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DE1219104B (de) * | 1962-04-28 | 1966-06-16 | Siemens Ag | Poroeses Sintergeruest fuer Elektroden galvanischer Elemente |
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JPH01101619A (ja) * | 1987-10-14 | 1989-04-19 | Nec Corp | 電気二重層コンデンサの製造方法 |
-
1989
- 1989-09-14 JP JP1238772A patent/JPH067539B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-08-17 CA CA002023548A patent/CA2023548C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-08-28 US US07/573,695 patent/US5121301A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-03 DE DE69015525T patent/DE69015525T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-09-03 EP EP90309595A patent/EP0417950B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-14 CN CN90107824A patent/CN1023520C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-09-14 KR KR1019900014560A patent/KR910007014A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2023548C (en) | 1994-04-12 |
US5121301A (en) | 1992-06-09 |
EP0417950A2 (en) | 1991-03-20 |
EP0417950A3 (en) | 1991-05-02 |
CN1023520C (zh) | 1994-01-12 |
DE69015525D1 (de) | 1995-02-09 |
CA2023548A1 (en) | 1991-03-15 |
JPH067539B2 (ja) | 1994-01-26 |
JPH03101209A (ja) | 1991-04-26 |
DE69015525T2 (de) | 1995-05-11 |
EP0417950B1 (en) | 1994-12-28 |
KR910007014A (ko) | 1991-04-30 |
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