CN105027762B - A kind of experiment seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of experiment seeder, including seeding-apparatus assembly, transmission gear shift assembly, frame, plough, described seeding-apparatus assembly is arranged on the forward position in frame top, described transmission gear shift assembly is arranged on the following rearward position of frame, described plough is installed in the following forward position of frame, in addition to broadcasts long Scissoring device and the clear kind actuating unit of emptying.The present invention is based on seeder is constituted substantially, it is in place of its feature on the monomer of each plough, low level is mounted with that is broadcast a long Scissoring device, the first broadcast leakage of general seeder row and end of line replay drawback can be eliminated by broadcasting long Scissoring device, the experiment seeder, remaining seed can be emptied in the time of leaveing again falling back, it is clear to plant the time that is not take up, sow efficiency high.

Description

A test seeder

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a seeder, in particular to a small seeder suitable for scientific research and testing in wheat plots.

Background technique

Wheat is one of the two major grain crops in my country, with an annual planting area of more than 20 million hectares. The country attaches great importance to the scientific research and experimentation of wheat, invests a large amount of scientific research funds every year, and sets up a large number of scientific research projects. The sowing of wheat plots is an important part of wheat scientific research and experiment. The research on the seeder in our country is relatively lagging behind. Since the early 1970s, the cone type and the pneumatic type seeder have been introduced successively. Although the seeding accuracy and efficiency are high, they are not suitable for my country's national conditions and breeding methods. Our technicians have also developed many models successively. Due to certain shortcomings, they cannot fully meet the requirements of experimental sowing, and are rarely used; the currently used plot seeders have a high seeding height, although the seed metering device starts to unload the seeds. It takes a certain amount of time for the seeds to fall into the seeding ditch after falling to a certain height. At this time, the seeder has advanced a certain distance, and there is a phenomenon of missing seeding in the row capital every time it starts to sow. The gap between the seeding machine and the seeding operation is also an important reason for the missed seeding at the beginning of the row. The seeding height also caused the seeder to stop at the end of the row, and the seeds in the lowering tube stroke would fall in one place, causing the replaying accumulation of seeds at the end of the row. At present, the length of missing seeding at the head of the row of the plot planter is more than 30 centimeters. The length of missing seeding at the beginning of the row is related to the height of seeding, the size of the gap between seeding and seeding speed. The higher the installation height of the seed metering device, the larger the running gap at the start of sowing, the faster the sowing speed, and the longer the distance of the first-row missed seeding; The shorter the distance. The degree of reseeding at the end of the row is related to the installation height of the seed metering device. The higher the installation height of the seed metering device is, the more the number of reseeding grains at the end of the row is; The number of reseeding grains at the end of the row of the currently used wheat plot seeder is more than 5, and the missed sowing at the beginning of the row and reseeding at the end of the row are important reasons for the experimental error. Sowing in plots has a lot of materials and a small area. After sowing one material, it needs to be cleared once, and it takes a lot of time to clear the seeds. If it is used for planting rows and ear rows, the proportion of time spent on clearing seeds will be greater. At present, there are four kinds of seed cleaning methods for seeders: the self-cleaning method of the vertebral grid disc seeder, by adjusting the transmission ratio, the quantitative seeds scattered in the grid disc are just finished at the specified row length; Seed clearing method; some horizontal disc type hole seeder pumping and unloading seed box clearing method; hole wheel type and outer groove wheel type seeder external force rotating ground wheel seed clearing method. Although the cone-shaped grid seeder has the function of self-cleaning, all the seeds are sown just after the grid is rotated once after the specified row length, but due to the uneven quality of the soil preparation and the inconsistent slip coefficient of the ground wheel, it often cannot be emptied. Also can not realize single-grain on-demand, can only be used for plot sowing, and can not be used for the sowing of plant row fringe row. Pneumatic seeders cannot be used for row-by-row seeding due to their heavy baggage and large turning radius. The seed cleaning method of pumping out the seed box is much more convenient than the external force rotating ground wheel seed cleaning method, and the seed cleaning speed is faster, but if it is used for sowing in rows of plants and ear rows, one row is cleared, and two rows are cleared once. More time, low seeding efficiency.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a small seeder. The small seeder has a sowing length cutting device and a reverse emptying and clearing device which can eliminate the missed sowing at the beginning of the row and reseeding at the end of the row and can realize intermittent sowing of any length.

The technical solution adopted to realize the object of the present invention is a small seeder, including a seed meter assembly, a transmission transmission assembly, a frame, a ditch opener, a sowing length cutting device and an emptying and clearing power transmission device. The seed metering assembly is installed at the front of the frame, the transmission transmission assembly is installed at the rear of the frame, and the opener is installed at the front of the frame. The sowing length and cutting device described above is installed on the ditch opener, and the described sowing length and cutting device is composed of a funnel, a spring tube, a seed clearing opening, a seed clearing box, a seed clearing pull wire, and a seeding tube, and the described seeding tube is fixed In the ditch opener, a funnel is installed at the upper end of the funnel, a spring tube is connected to the lower end of the funnel, a seed cleaning opening is provided on the outer wall of the seed tube, and a seed cleaning box is provided below the seed cleaning opening. The spring tube is connected with a seed clearing pull wire; the seed clearing power transmission device is composed of a sowing active tooth plate, a seed clearing active tooth plate, a seeding passive tooth plate, a seed clearing passive tooth plate, and a bevel gear bridge. The sprocket and the seed clearing active sprocket are installed on a through shaft, and the fit direction is opposite; The bevel gear bridge is connected; the seeding active toothed disc and the seeding passive toothed disc are connected by a chain, and the matching direction is opposite. The seed clearing active toothed disc and the seed clearing passive toothed disc are connected by a chain, and the matching direction is opposite.

The seeding active toothed disc and the seed clearing active toothed disc are respectively installed on the walking wheel shafts on the left and right sides of the frame.

The active tooth disc for seeding, the active tooth disc for clearing seed, the passive tooth disc for sowing and the passive tooth disc for clearing seed are all flywheel tooth discs.

The working principle of a kind of test seeder of the present invention:

1) The seed clearing cable can realize the conversion of the seed flow between the seed tube and the seed clearing box, so as to realize the control of the sowing time, position and sowing length. When sowing in the test plot, give a sowing advance greater than the missed sowing length at the beginning of the row, pull the pull wire knob, the seeds enter the seed cleaning box, and when the opener reaches the starting line, release the pull wire, and the seeds enter the sowing ditch. Since the unit is installed next to the openers, it eliminates row-breaks. When the planter reaches the end line of sowing, the pull wire is tilted again, and the seeds in the stroke of the lowering tube enter the seed cleaning box, thereby eliminating the accumulation of seeds caused by reseeding at the end of the line. The device is also used for the following reverse emptying and seed clearing.

2) The main feature of the reverse emptying and clearing device is that the power transmission uses 4 flywheel toothed discs, two of which form a group, one group provides power for planting and is installed on one side of the seeder; the other group provides emptying and clearing. This power is installed on the other side of the seeder. Sowing driving gear 13 fits with sowing driven gear 14 when advancing seeding, clearing seed driving gear 15 and clearing seeding driven gear 16 are in separated state; The driven gear 14 is in a disengaged state. Forward or reverse seed meter is in working condition. It is used for sowing when it is forward. When it is necessary to start again after sowing, turn the knob of the seed clearing cable of the sowing length cutter to import the seeds into the seed clearing box and back to the starting line. The remaining small amount of seeds in the seed metering device will be is emptied.

3) The seed clearing power of the test seeder comes from two walking wheels.

Compared with prior art, test seeder of the present invention has the following advantages:

1. Due to the gap between the seeding height and the starting movement of the general seeder, the missing seeding length at the beginning of the row is more than 30 cm, and the reseeding degree at the end of the row is related to the seeding height and seeding density. More, generally more than 5 capsules. When it is used for plot sowing, there will be missed sowing at the beginning of the row, and the accumulation of reseeded seeds at the end of the row will seriously affect the test results. The sowing length and cutting device can eliminate the disadvantages of common seeders such as missing seeding at the beginning of a row and replaying at the end of a row;

2. There are two methods of sowing in the plot. One method is to start sowing at both ends, that is, turn around at the end after sowing, and start to sow again; the other method is to start sowing at one end, that is, return to the beginning after sowing The sowing line restarts sowing, and sowing always starts from one side. Practice has proved that when the row length is short, the sowing speed of one-end seeding method is faster than that of two-end seeding method. A test seeder is suitable for sowing at one end. The principle of seed clearing for a test seeder adopts the principle of backward emptying, so it is suitable for quantitative seeding. After sowing a journey, it needs to be seeded once, and the maximum seeding amount each time should not exceed 20-30% of the seeding amount of each row. . The test seeder of the present invention can empty the remaining seeds during the reversing and restarting time, does not take time to clear the seeds, and has high seeding efficiency.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of test seeder of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the enlarged structure schematic diagram of the sowing length cutting device of test seeder;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the emptying and clearing device and the installation direction of the flywheel of the test seeder.

detailed description

A kind of experimental sowing of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the specific examples given by the accompanying drawings and the inventor.

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of a kind of test seeder of the present invention, and this seeder is made up of metering device assembly 1, ground wheel transmission speed change assembly 2, frame body 3, ditch opener assembly, in ditch opener 5 Planting length cutting device 6 and reversing emptying power transmission device 4 for clearing seeds are housed near the ground.

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the sowing length cutting device 6, in the inside of the seeding pipe 12, a funnel 7 is installed close to the top of the ditch opener 5, and the seeds in the seeding pipe 12 enter the spring pipe 8 through the funnel 7, and plant The outer wall of the tube 12 has a seed clearing opening 9, and a seed clearing box 10 is installed at the lower edge of the seed clearing opening 9 on the outer wall of the seed tube. So as to realize the control of sowing time, position and sowing length. When sowing in the test plot, give a sowing advance greater than the length of the missed sowing at the beginning of the row, pull the pull wire knob, and the seeds enter the seed cleaning box 10, and when the opener 5 reaches the seeding line, loosen the pull wire, and the seeds enter the sowing Ditch, since this device is installed close to the opener, it can eliminate the missing seeding at the beginning of the row. When the planter reaches the end line of sowing, the pull wire is tilted again, and the seeds in the stroke of the lowering tube enter the seed cleaning box, thereby eliminating the accumulation of seeds caused by reseeding at the end of the line.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the emptying and clearing device and the installation direction of the flywheel of a test seeder of the present invention. The main feature of this reverse emptying and clearing device 4 is that the power transmission uses four flywheel toothed discs, two of which form a group, one group provides power for planting, and is installed on one side of the planter; the other group provides emptying and clearing. This power is installed on the other side of the seeder. The specific structure and the matching direction of the flywheel chainring are shown in Figure 3. Seeding active toothed disc 13 is installed on a through shaft 18 with clearing seed active toothed disc 15, and fit direction is opposite. Sowing passive toothed disc 14 and clearing seed driven toothed disc 16 are installed on two half shafts 19 respectively, and fit direction is opposite. The two half shafts 19 are connected through the bevel gear bridge 17 to provide power for the seed meter. When forward sowing, the active tooth disc 13 for seeding and the passive tooth disc 14 for seeding fit together, the active tooth disc 15 for clearing seeds, and the passive tooth disc 16 for clearing seeds are in a separated state; The seeding active toothed disc 13 and the sowing passive toothed disc 14 are in a separated state. Forward or reverse seed meter is in working condition. It is used for sowing when moving forward. When it is necessary to start again after sowing, turn the knob of the sowing length cutter to clear the seeding pull wire 11, and the seeds are introduced into the clearing seed box 10, and then back to the starting line. The seeds will be emptied.

The seeding active toothed disc 13 and the seeding passive toothed disc 14 are connected by a chain, and the seed clearing active toothed disc 15 and the seed clearing passive toothed disc 16 are connected by a chain.

The seeding active toothed disc 13 and the clearing seed active toothed disc 15 are respectively installed on the running wheels on the left and right sides of the transmission speed change assembly 2 .

The active toothed disc 13 for seeding, the active toothed disc 15 for clearing seeds, the passive toothed disc 14 for sowing, and the passive toothed disc 16 for clearing seeds are all flywheel toothed discs.

The concrete use method of a kind of test seeder of the present invention is as follows:

Set the seeding amount for each row, pull the pull wire knob, put down the opener 30-50 cm in advance to start sowing, release the pull wire knob when the opener reaches the start line, and continue sowing, when the opener reaches the end line Stop sowing after holding the pull wire knob, return to the seeding line and prepare to start again, and empty the seeds in the seed clearing box.

Claims (3)

1. A seeder for testing, including a seed meter assembly (1), a transmission shift assembly (2), a frame (3), a ditch opener (5), and the seed meter assembly (1 ) is installed on the front of the frame (3), the transmission shift assembly (2) is installed on the rear of the frame (3), and the opener (5) is installed on the frame (3) The position near the lower side is characterized by: it also includes a planting length cutting device (6) and an emptying and clearing power transmission device (4), and the planting length cutting device (6) is installed on the opener ( 5) above, the sowing length cutting device (6) consists of a funnel (7), a spring tube (8), a seed clearing opening (9), a seed clearing box (10), a seed clearing cable (11), and a seed lowering tube (12), the seeding pipe (12) is fixed on the opener (5), the upper end of which is equipped with a funnel (7), and the lower end of the funnel (7) is connected with a spring tube (8) , a seed clearing opening (9) is provided on the outer wall of the lower seed tube (12), a seed clearing box (10) is provided under the seed clearing opening (9), and a seed clearing box (10) is connected to the spring tube (8). Pull wire (11); the seed clearing power transmission device (4) is composed of a seeding active toothed plate (13), a seed clearing active toothed plate (15), a seeding passive toothed plate (14), and a seed clearing passive toothed plate (16) , bevel gear bridge (17), the seeding active toothed disc (13) and the seed clearing active toothed disc (15) are installed on a through shaft (18), and the direction of fit is opposite; the sowing passive toothed disc ( 14) The seed-clearing passive toothed disc (16) is respectively installed on two semi-shafts (19), and the fit direction is opposite. The two semi-shafts (19) are connected through the bevel gear bridge (17); the seeding active toothed disc (13) is connected with the seeding passive toothed disc (14) through a chain, and the fitting direction is opposite. The seed clearing active toothed disc (15) and the seed clearing passive toothed disc (16) are connected through a chain, and the fitting direction is opposite. 2. The seeder for testing according to claim 1, characterized in that, the sowing active toothed disc (13) and the clearing active toothed disc (15) are respectively installed on the walking wheel shafts on the left and right sides of the frame (3) superior. 3. The test seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that, the active tooth disc for sowing (13), the active tooth disc for clearing seeds (15), the passive tooth disc for sowing (14), and the passive tooth disc for clearing seeds Disc (16) is flywheel chainring.