CN105008018A - 用于处理包含汞和酸性气体的富烃气体混合物的方法 - Google Patents

用于处理包含汞和酸性气体的富烃气体混合物的方法 Download PDF

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CN105008018A
CN105008018A CN201480009381.8A CN201480009381A CN105008018A CN 105008018 A CN105008018 A CN 105008018A CN 201480009381 A CN201480009381 A CN 201480009381A CN 105008018 A CN105008018 A CN 105008018A
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H·鲍尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于处理包含汞和酸性气体的富烃气体混合物(1)的方法，特别地，所述气体混合物为天然气，其中，对所述气体混合物进行吸附汞去除(A)和下游酸性气体洗涤(T)。根据本发明，在待处理的气体混合物被供给至吸附汞去除(A)之前，所述待处理的气体混合物(1，2)至少被加热(E)至所述气体混合物不会下降至低于吸附汞去除(A)中的水露点，并且不会下降至低于酸性气体洗涤(T)中的烃露点的程度。

Description

用于处理包含汞和酸性气体的富烃气体混合物的方法
本发明涉及一种用于处理包含汞和酸性气体的富烃气体混合物、特别是天然气的方法，其中，对所述混合物进行吸附汞去除和随后的酸性气体洗涤。
从上述气体混合物中去除汞会保护包含铝合金的装置部件免于被腐蚀，并且还保护人类和环境免于汞和汞化合物的毒性作用。汞在这样的气体混合物中的比例通常为1至1000ηg/Nm3。吸附汞去除过程可以将该比例降低至0.01至0.001ηg/Nm3。
最初，这基本上仅可以通过浸渍硫的活性炭来实现，该活性炭需要免受湿气的损害，并因此通常被组装在干燥过程的下游。目前使用的用于活性硫化合物的无机支撑材料使得其甚至是在湿气的存在下也能够使用汞吸附器，并且吸附汞去除因此可在酸性气体洗涤的上游或下游实施。
酸性气体洗涤会去除不期望的组分，特别是作为典型酸性气体污染物的H2S、CO2和COS，从而尤其是防止下游装置部件的堵塞和阻塞。酸性气体洗涤通常包含与待去除的酸性气体可逆结合的化合物的水性溶液作为洗涤介质。烃仅轻微地溶解于这种类型的洗涤介质中。
将吸附汞去除设置在酸性气体洗涤的上游，这为下游的装置部件提供了对污染物最大的防护，因为在这种方式中，无论是通过酸性气体洗涤去除的酸性气体部分还是用于再生汞吸附器所需要的再生气体都不会包含汞。这两种流(酸性气体部分和再生气体)对人类和环境都存在潜在的危害。
待处理的气体混合物的含水量使得必须在吸附汞去除的上游提供分离器，从而避免下游的汞吸附器暴露至液体。甚至是当所采用的吸附器在暴露至液体时不会产生永久损害的时候，所述吸附器的性能在处于潮湿状态的时候也会受损，并且这会潜在地导致汞的不完全去除。
然而，例如由于源自上述分离器的液滴的污染，或者由于气体混合物冷却下来并且在分离器和吸附器之间的管线中部分地冷凝，混合物的温度可能会在汞吸附器的运行过程中不期望地降低至低于水和/或烃的露点。
本发明旨在提供所讨论的用于处理包含汞和酸性气体的富烃气体混合物、特别是天然气的方法，其中所述方法保证汞吸附器在气相中的干燥操作，并排除在下游酸性气体洗涤中所不期望的液态烃的形成以及所伴随的发泡。
该目标通过用于处理包含汞和酸性气体的富烃气体混合物的方法来实现，其特征在于在被供给至吸附汞去除之前，待处理的气体混合物至少会被加热至足以避免其温度下降至低于吸附汞去除中的水露点，并避免其下降至低于酸性气体洗涤中的烃露点的程度。
根据本发明，吸附汞去除/汞吸附器在完全高于露点的温度下可控地操作，从而安全地防止吸附汞去除经历由于液体的存在所导致的性能下降。根据本发明的方法还防止在下游的酸性气体洗涤中形成所不期望的、会导致伴随发泡的液态烃。
原则上，待处理的气体混合物可由所希望的热源来加热。待处理的气体混合物依靠从酸性气体洗涤的顶部排出的不含酸性气体的部分而被有利地加热。所述部分在酸性气体洗涤中通过洗涤介质和酸性气体组分之间结合的热量并且通过作为塔回流的热的洗涤介质的引入而被充分地加热。
根据本发明方法的另一种实施方式，在用于去除水的分离过程/分离器和进入酸性气体洗涤之间，待处理的气体混合物会被加热至少5℃至30℃，优选至少15℃至25℃。
根据本发明的用于处理包含汞和酸性气体的富烃气体混合物的方法及其有利的实施方式将在下文参考在图1中所示的实施例而被特别地解释。
潮湿的、包含汞和酸性气体的富烃气体混合物1被供给至不含液体(例如水)的分离器D中，所述液体通过管线7从分离器D排出。根据本发明，在分离器D的顶部排出的气体混合物2会在热交换器E中至少被加热至足以避免其温度下降至低于随后的吸附汞去除A中的水露点，并避免其下降至低于酸性气体洗涤T中的烃露点的程度。在图1所示的实施例中，这种加热依靠从酸性气体洗涤T的顶部排出的不含酸性气体的部分6来实现，并且随后例如被供给以完全干燥。
在热交换器E中加热的气体混合物2在吸附汞去除中不含有汞，从而实现0.01至0.001ηg/Nm3的残留汞含量。出于清楚的目的，吸附汞去除以吸附器A的形式示出。所述吸附器包含适用于汞吸收的吸附/吸收材料。一旦被耗尽，所述吸附/吸收材料就需要替换；通常不会执行原位再生。通常地，两个吸附器会被串联连接。只要第一吸附器中的吸附剂被耗尽，第二吸附器就会在线替代第一吸附器。
从吸附汞去除A排出的并且不含汞的气体混合物3被供给至去除所不期望的酸性气体组分的塔T。合适的洗涤介质4会被供给至塔T的顶部区域。不含有所不期望的酸性气体组分的气体混合物会从塔T的顶部排出，并被输送进行其他的处理，例如液化，或者使用。
权利要求书(按照条约第19条的修改)
1.用于处理包含汞和包含酸性气体的富烃气体混合物(1)、特别是天然气的方法，其中对所述气体混合物进行吸附汞去除(A)和随后的酸性气体洗涤(T)，其中所述吸附汞去除(A)具有连接至其上游的分离过程(D)，其特征在于，在从分离过程(D)排出并被供给至吸附汞去除(A)之间，待处理的气体混合物(1，2)至少被加热(E)至足以避免其温度下降至低于吸附汞去除(A)中的水露点，并避免其下降至低于酸性气体洗涤(T)中的烃露点的程度。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，在从分离过程(D)排出并进入酸性气体洗涤(T)之间，待处理的气体混合物(1，2)被加热(E)到至少5℃至30℃，优选至少15℃至25℃。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于，所述待处理的气体混合物(1，2)依靠从酸性气体洗涤(T)的顶部排出的不含酸性气体的部分(6)进行加热(E)。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项的方法，其特征在于，所述待处理的气体混合物(1，2)中汞的比例为0.1至10000ηg/Nm3，优选为1至1000ηg/Nm3。

Claims (4)

1.用于处理包含汞和酸性气体的富烃气体混合物(1)、特别是天然气的方法，其中对所述气体混合物进行吸附汞去除(A)和随后的酸性气体洗涤(T)，其特征在于，在被供给至吸附汞去除(A)之前，待处理的气体混合物(1，2)至少被加热(E)至足以避免其温度下降至低于吸附汞去除(A)中的水露点，并避免其下降至低于酸性气体洗涤(T)中的烃露点的程度。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述吸附汞去除(A)具有连接至其上游的分离过程(D)，其特征在于，在从分离过程(D)排出并进入酸性气体洗涤(T)之间，待处理的气体混合物(1，2)被加热(E)到至少5℃至30℃，优选至少15℃至25℃。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于，所述待处理的气体混合物(1，2)依靠从酸性气体洗涤(T)的顶部排出的不含酸性气体的部分(6)进行加热(E)。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项的方法，其特征在于，所述待处理的气体混合物(1，2)中汞的比例为0.1至10000ηg/Nm3，优选为1至1000ηg/Nm3。
CN201480009381.8A 2013-02-28 2014-02-04 用于处理包含汞和酸性气体的富烃气体混合物的方法 Active CN105008018B (zh)

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DE102013003415.9A DE102013003415A1 (de) 2013-02-28 2013-02-28 Verfahren zum Behandeln eines Quecksilber und Sauergase enthaltenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Gasgemisches
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PCT/EP2014/000299 WO2014131489A1 (de) 2013-02-28 2014-02-04 Verfahren zum behandeln eines quecksilber und sauergase enthaltenden kohlenwasserstoff-reichen gasgemisches

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AU2014223014B2 (en) 2017-04-20
AU2014223014A1 (en) 2015-08-06
BR112015019172A2 (pt) 2017-02-07
CA2899971A1 (en) 2014-09-04
DE102013003415A1 (de) 2014-08-28
CN105008018B (zh) 2017-04-12
WO2014131489A1 (de) 2014-09-04
US9550143B2 (en) 2017-01-24
MY196534A (en) 2023-04-19
CA2899971C (en) 2018-02-13
US20150360169A1 (en) 2015-12-17

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