CN104974847A - Aqueous enzymatic method for simultaneous preparation of camellia seed oil and camellia seed protein - Google Patents
Aqueous enzymatic method for simultaneous preparation of camellia seed oil and camellia seed protein Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses an aqueous enzymatic method for simultaneous preparation of camellia seed oil and camellia seed protein. The method comprises the steps of: 1, acquiring a slurry; 2, adding a protease for enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain a first camellia seed oil, a first emulsion layer and a protein hydrolysate; 3, conducting a first demulsification to obtain a secondary camellia seed oil and a secondary emulsion layer; 4, conducting a secondary demulsification to obtain a third camellia seed oil, and evenly mixing the third camellia seed oil with the first and secondary camellia seed oil to prepare the camellia seed oil; and 5, freeze-drying the protein hydrolyzate to obtain the camellia seed protein. The aqueous enzymatic method for simultaneous preparation of camellia seed oil and camellia seed protein provided by the invention has simple safe process; and extracted camellia seed oil has thicker flavor, light color, good quality and tea seed oil yield of up to 85%; the camellia seed protein has a higher purity, and protein content of up to about 45%, and can be used as a good functional ingredients widely used in food processing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural-food intensive processing and byproduct comprehensive utilizes technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method that aqueous enzymatic method prepares camellia seed oil and tea seed albumen from camellia seed meal simultaneously.
Background technology
Camellia seed oil is a kind of special grease, carries out intensive processing to it, not only can meet the demand of people, can also use as medicinal oil.Unsaturated fatty acids in oil tea oil exceedes sweet oil.Because its lipid acid composition, oil property and nutritive ingredient all can match in excellence or beauty with sweet oil, so be " east sweet oil " by highly praise, long-term eating is conducive to preventing the diseases such as arteriosclerosis, hypertension and obesity, is the hat of various edible oil.In recent years camellia seed oil health care and purposes pharmaceutically day by day extensive, the camellia seed oil after special process is refined pharmaceutically can be used as oil for injection.
Tea seed albumen is made up of 17 seed amino acids, and wherein Threonine, phenylalanine, leucine, Methionin, tryptophane, α-amino-isovaleric acid, Isoleucine etc. 7 kinds are the necessary amino acid of human body.The emulsifying property that cake of camellia oleifera seeds albumen is stronger and stronger oil absorbency, can be used in ice cream, baked product, meat product, fish, meaty food and be used as the protein fortifier of protein drinks, reconstituted food, is a kind of protein resource with potentiality to be exploited well.Another tea seed albumen also can prepare functional polypeptide through enzymolysis, is that raw material extracts albumen with camellia seed meal, develops and utilization is significantly.Therefore, be necessary to study a kind of method simultaneously preparing camellia seed oil and tea seed albumen.
Summary of the invention
For the weak point existed in above-mentioned technology, the invention provides a kind of method that aqueous enzymatic method prepares camellia seed oil and tea seed albumen from camellia seed meal simultaneously, its technique is simple and safe and make the camellia seed oil thick flavor of extraction, color more shallow, and tea seed purity of protein is higher.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of aqueous enzymatic method prepares the method for camellia seed oil and tea seed albumen simultaneously, comprises the steps: that step one, slurries obtain: by camellia seed meal raw material and water mixing, obtained slurries; Step 2, enzymolysis: regulate slurries pH to be adjusted to 8 ~ 11, add protease hydrolyzed, enzyme digestion reaction temperature is 45 ~ 55 DEG C, the enzyme digestion reaction time is 2 ~ 5 hours, treat that enzyme digestion reaction terminates, enzymolysis solution is warming up to 85 ~ 100 DEG C of enzymes 10 ~ 20 minutes of going out, after being cooled to 50 ~ 60 DEG C, enzymolysis solution is centrifugal, obtain the first layer edible vegetable oil, second layer emulsion layer, third layer protein hydrolyte and the 4th layer of waste residue successively, successively draw and obtain camellia seed oil, an emulsion layer and a protein hydrolyte; Step 3, a breakdown of emulsion: emulsion layer be separated, the freezing breakdown of emulsion that thaws again, obtain an emulsion and it is centrifugal, obtains the first layer edible vegetable oil, second layer emulsion layer and third layer waste liquid successively, successively draw and obtain secondary oil tea-seed oil and second emulsifying layer; Step 4, secondary breakdown of emulsion: second emulsifying layer is separated, the freezing breakdown of emulsion that thaws again, obtain secondary emulsion and it is centrifugal, obtain the first layer edible vegetable oil, second layer emulsion layer and third layer waste liquid successively, draw upper strata edible vegetable oil and obtain three camellia seed oils, and mix with a camellia seed oil and secondary oil tea-seed oil, obtained camellia seed oil; Step 5, the protein hydrolyte lyophilize will obtained in step 2, obtain tea seed albumen.
Preferably, the camellia seed meal stock preparation process in described step one is: obtain camellia seed meal by the tea-seed pancake after squeezing, and is pulverized and sieved that to obtain granular size be 20 ~ 40 object camellia seed meal raw materials.
Preferably, the slurries in described step one mix obtained by camellia seed meal raw material and water being pressed solid-liquid ratio 1g:4 ~ 6mL.
Preferably, pass through in described step 2 in slurries, to add sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, so that slurries pH is adjusted to 8 ~ 11.
Preferably, the proteolytic enzyme in described step 2 adopts Sumizyme MP, and its enzyme concentration is 0.5% ~ 2% of camellia seed meal raw material dosage.
Preferably, a described breakdown of emulsion and secondary breakdown of emulsion condition are: freezing temp-20 DEG C, freezing time 24 hours, and thaw point 45 DEG C thaws 3 hours.
Preferably, in described step 5, cryodesiccated condition is: freezing temp-6 DEG C, freezing time 40h, and vacuum tightness is 1pa.
Compared with prior art, its beneficial effect is in the present invention:
(1) the present invention adopts Sumizyme MP enzymolysis, and destroy cellularstructure and grease is disengaged, the oil yield compared to single use cellulase or pectinase enzymatic hydrolysis is higher; Compare and use cellulose enzyme, polygalacturonase and amylase, its extraction rate of protein is lower than not enzyme-added controlled trial, and protein solubility is very little, and major part exists in slag with insoluble state.And Sumizyme MP optimum pH is away from the iso-electric point of tea seed albumen, improve the solubleness of protein system, promote the effect of proteolytic enzyme; In addition, through the enzymolysis of proteolytic enzyme, protein exists with the form of polypeptide, and extraction rate of protein increases.Proteolytic enzyme obviously can also improve emulsion, increase free oil yield, to formed in the lipoprotein in cell or defibrination process, the protein film of phosphatide that envelope is outside oil droplet and protein bound destroys, and grease is discharged, realize oily water separation, obtain protolysate simultaneously.
(2) due to can milk sap be formed when aqueous enzymatic method carries oil, its composition is oil, water, a small amount of protein, starch and Mierocrystalline cellulose, compared to heating demulsification type, microwave exposure and breakdown of emulsion of saltouing, the double freeze-thaw breakdown of emulsion that the present invention adopts better can destroy the stability of milk sap, owing to there will be Crystallization in Droplets of O in milk sap in refrigerating process, and these adipic crystals can thrust aqueous phase, when these adipic crystals appear between adjacent oil droplet just, to interfacial film be pierced through cause the gathering of oil droplet, thus significantly reduce the stability of milk sap, reach the object of breakdown of emulsion, the present invention adopts double freeze-thaw breakdown of emulsion method to substantially increase oil yield, camellia seed oil yield can reach more than 85%, fully be extracted the grease in tea seed, and its quality is well retained.
(3) aqueous enzymatic method provided by the invention prepares the method for camellia seed oil and tea seed albumen from camellia seed meal simultaneously, and technique is simple and safe, the camellia seed oil thick flavor of extraction, and of light color, quality is good; Obtained tea seed purity of protein is higher, and protein content can reach about 45%, can be used as a kind of good functional ingredient and is widely used in food-processing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the method process flow sheet that aqueous enzymatic method of the present invention prepares camellia seed oil and tea seed albumen simultaneously.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, can implement according to this with reference to specification sheets word to make those skilled in the art.
As shown in Figure 1, the invention provides a kind of method that aqueous enzymatic method prepares camellia seed oil and tea seed albumen from camellia seed meal simultaneously, comprise the steps:
Step one, slurries obtain: obtain camellia seed meal by the tea-seed pancake after squeezing, and pulverized and sieved that to obtain granular size be 20 ~ 40 object camellia seed meal raw materials, to reduce the granular size of camellia seed meal raw material, increase the specific surface area of molecule, enzymolysis contact area can be increased, thus better promote reaction, be conducive to fuel-displaced, camellia seed meal raw material and water are pressed solid-liquid ratio 1g:4 ~ 6mL to mix, obtained slurries, within the scope of this solid-liquid ratio, can ensure that enzyme-to-substrate concentration ratio is suitable for;
Step 2, enzymolysis: add sodium hydroxide or slurries pH is adjusted to 8 ~ 11 by potassium hydroxide in slurries, add proteolysis, proteolytic enzyme is Sumizyme MP, its optimal pH is between 8 ~ 10, optimum temperuture is at 45 ~ 55 DEG C, the enzyme concentration of Sumizyme MP is 0.5% ~ 2% of camellia seed meal raw material dosage, enzyme digestion reaction temperature is 45 ~ 55 DEG C, the enzyme digestion reaction time is 2 ~ 5 hours, treat that enzyme digestion reaction terminates, enzymolysis solution is warming up to 85 ~ 100 DEG C of enzymes 10 ~ 20 minutes of going out, centrifugal after being cooled to 50 ~ 60 DEG C, centrifugal condition is: rotating speed 3500 ~ 5000r/min, centrifugal 15 ~ 30min, obtain the first layer edible vegetable oil successively, second layer emulsion layer, third layer protein hydrolyte and the 4th layer of waste residue, successively draw and obtain a camellia seed oil, an emulsion layer and protein hydrolyte,
Step 3, a breakdown of emulsion: an emulsion layer is separated, the freezing breakdown of emulsion that thaws again, one time breakdown of emulsion condition is: freezing temp-20 DEG C, freezing time 24 hours, thaw point 45 DEG C, thaw 3 hours, obtain an emulsion and it is centrifugal, centrifugal condition is: rotating speed 3500 ~ 5000r/min, centrifugal 10 ~ 30min, obtain the first layer edible vegetable oil, second layer emulsion layer and third layer waste liquid successively, successively draw and obtain secondary oil tea-seed oil and second emulsifying layer;
Step 4, secondary breakdown of emulsion: second emulsifying layer is separated, the freezing breakdown of emulsion that thaws again, described secondary breakdown of emulsion condition is: freezing temp-20 DEG C, freezing time 24 hours, thaw point 45 DEG C, thaw 3 hours, obtain secondary emulsion and it is centrifugal, centrifugal condition is: rotating speed 3500 ~ 5000r/min, centrifugal 10 ~ 30min, obtains the first layer edible vegetable oil, second layer emulsion layer and third layer waste liquid successively, draws upper strata edible vegetable oil and obtains three camellia seed oils, and mix with a camellia seed oil and secondary oil tea-seed oil, obtained camellia seed oil;
Step 5, the protein hydrolyte lyophilize using vacuum freeze drier to obtain, lyophilize condition is: freezing temp-6 DEG C, freezing time 40h, and vacuum tightness is 1pa, obtains tea seed albumen.
The present invention adopts basic protein solution to utilize again camellia seed meal, and the camellia seed oil obtained and protein quality are all very desirable.Utilize Sumizyme MP enzymolysis, destroy cellularstructure and grease is disengaged, the oil yield compared to single use cellulase or pectinase enzymatic hydrolysis is higher; Compare and use cellulose enzyme, polygalacturonase and amylase, its extraction rate of protein is lower than not enzyme-added controlled trial, and protein solubility is very little, and major part exists in slag with insoluble state.And Sumizyme MP optimum pH is away from the iso-electric point of tea seed albumen, improve the solubleness of protein system, promote the effect of proteolytic enzyme; In addition, through the enzymolysis of proteolytic enzyme, protein exists with the form of polypeptide, and extraction rate of protein increases.Proteolytic enzyme obviously can also improve emulsion, increase free oil yield, to formed in the lipoprotein in cell or defibrination process, the protein film of phosphatide that envelope is outside oil droplet and protein bound destroys, and grease is discharged, realize oily water separation, obtain protolysate simultaneously.Due to can milk sap be formed when aqueous enzymatic method carries oil, its composition is oil, water, a small amount of protein, starch and Mierocrystalline cellulose, compared to heating demulsification type, microwave exposure and breakdown of emulsion of saltouing, the double freeze-thaw breakdown of emulsion that the present invention adopts better can destroy the stability of milk sap, owing to there will be Crystallization in Droplets of O in milk sap in refrigerating process, and these adipic crystals can thrust aqueous phase, when these adipic crystals appear between adjacent oil droplet just, to interfacial film be pierced through cause the gathering of oil droplet, thus significantly reduce the stability of milk sap, reach the object of breakdown of emulsion, the present invention adopts double freeze-thaw breakdown of emulsion method to substantially increase oil yield, camellia seed oil yield can reach more than 85%, fully be extracted the grease in tea seed, and its quality is well retained.Aqueous enzymatic method provided by the invention prepares the method for camellia seed oil and tea seed albumen from camellia seed meal simultaneously, and technique is simple and safe, the camellia seed oil thick flavor of extraction, and of light color, quality is good; Obtained tea seed purity of protein is higher, and protein content can reach about 45%, can be used as a kind of good functional ingredient and is widely used in food-processing.
Embodiment 1:
Pulverized and sieved by camellia seed meal after squeezing, obtaining granular size is 40 object camellia seed meal raw materials, camellia seed meal raw material and water is pressed solid-liquid ratio 1g:5mL and mixes, obtained slurries, in slurries, add hydrochloric acid slurries pH is adjusted to 8, add Sumizyme MP and the enzyme concentration of Sumizyme MP is 1.5% of camellia seed meal raw material dosage, enzyme digestion reaction temperature is 60 DEG C, the enzyme digestion reaction time is 4 hours, treat that enzyme digestion reaction terminates, enzymolysis solution is warming up to 80 DEG C of enzymes 20 minutes of going out, it is centrifugal after temperature is down to 60 DEG C, centrifugal condition is: rotating speed 5000r/min, centrifugal 10min, obtain the first layer edible vegetable oil successively, second layer emulsion layer, third layer protein hydrolyte and the 4th layer of waste residue, successively draw and obtain a camellia seed oil, an emulsion layer and protein hydrolyte, an emulsion layer is separated, the freezing breakdown of emulsion that thaws again, one time breakdown of emulsion condition is: freezing temp-20 DEG C, freezing time 24 hours, thaw point 45 DEG C, thaw 3 hours, obtain an emulsion and it is centrifugal, centrifugal condition is: rotating speed 4000/min, centrifugal 10min, obtain the first layer edible vegetable oil, second layer emulsion layer and third layer waste liquid successively, successively draw and obtain secondary oil tea-seed oil and second emulsifying layer, be separated by second emulsifying layer, the freezing breakdown of emulsion that thaws again, described secondary breakdown of emulsion condition is: freezing temp-20 DEG C, freezing time 24 hours, thaw point 45 DEG C, thaws 3 hours, obtains secondary emulsion and it is centrifugal, centrifugal condition is: rotating speed 4000r/min, centrifugal 10min, obtains the first layer edible vegetable oil, second layer emulsion layer and third layer waste liquid successively, draws upper strata edible vegetable oil and obtains three camellia seed oils, and mix with a camellia seed oil and secondary oil tea-seed oil, obtained camellia seed oil, protein hydrolyte is carried out freezing vacuum pipe dry, condition is: freezing temp-6 DEG C, freezing time 40h, and vacuum tightness is 1pa, obtains tea seed albumen, camellia seed oil yield is 86.2%, tea seed purity of protein (butt) 45.8%, extraction yield 78.0%.
Embodiment 2:
Pulverized and sieved by camellia seed meal after squeezing, obtaining granular size is 40 object camellia seed meal raw materials, camellia seed meal raw material and water is pressed solid-liquid ratio 1g:5mL and mixes, obtained slurries, in slurries, add hydrochloric acid slurries pH is adjusted to 8, add Sumizyme MP and the enzyme concentration of Sumizyme MP is 1.0% of camellia seed meal raw material dosage, enzyme digestion reaction temperature is 60 DEG C, the enzyme digestion reaction time is 4 hours, treat that enzyme digestion reaction terminates, enzymolysis solution is warming up to 80 DEG C of enzymes 20 minutes of going out, it is centrifugal after temperature is down to 60 DEG C, centrifugal condition is: rotating speed 5000r/min, centrifugal 10min, obtain the first layer edible vegetable oil successively, second layer emulsion layer, third layer protein hydrolyte and the 4th layer of waste residue, successively draw and obtain a camellia seed oil, an emulsion layer and protein hydrolyte, an emulsion layer is separated, the freezing breakdown of emulsion that thaws again, one time breakdown of emulsion condition is: freezing temp-20 DEG C, freezing time 24 hours, thaw point 45 DEG C, thaw 3 hours, obtain an emulsion and it is centrifugal, centrifugal condition is: rotating speed 4000/min, centrifugal 10min, obtain the first layer edible vegetable oil, second layer emulsion layer and third layer waste liquid successively, successively draw and obtain secondary oil tea-seed oil and second emulsifying layer, be separated by second emulsifying layer, the freezing breakdown of emulsion that thaws again, described secondary breakdown of emulsion condition is: freezing temp-20 DEG C, freezing time 24 hours, thaw point 45 DEG C, thaws 3 hours, obtains secondary emulsion and it is centrifugal, centrifugal condition is: rotating speed 4000r/min, centrifugal 10min, obtains the first layer edible vegetable oil, second layer emulsion layer and third layer waste liquid successively, draws upper strata edible vegetable oil and obtains three camellia seed oils, and mix with a camellia seed oil and secondary oil tea-seed oil, obtained camellia seed oil, protein hydrolyte is carried out freezing vacuum pipe dry, condition is: freezing temp-6 DEG C, freezing time 40h, and vacuum tightness is 1pa, obtains tea seed albumen, camellia seed oil yield is 85.3%, tea seed purity of protein (butt) 45.2%, extraction yield 76.1%.
Embodiment 3:
Pulverized and sieved by camellia seed meal after squeezing, obtaining granular size is 40 object camellia seed meal raw materials, camellia seed meal raw material and water is pressed solid-liquid ratio 1g:5mL and mixes, obtained slurries, in slurries, add hydrochloric acid slurries pH is adjusted to 8, add Sumizyme MP and the enzyme concentration of Sumizyme MP is 2% of camellia seed meal raw material dosage, enzyme digestion reaction temperature is 60 DEG C, the enzyme digestion reaction time is 4 hours, treat that enzyme digestion reaction terminates, enzymolysis solution is warming up to 80 DEG C of enzymes 20 minutes of going out, it is centrifugal after temperature is down to 60 DEG C, centrifugal condition is: rotating speed 5000r/min, centrifugal 10min, obtain the first layer edible vegetable oil successively, second layer emulsion layer, third layer protein hydrolyte and the 4th layer of waste residue, successively draw and obtain a camellia seed oil, an emulsion layer and protein hydrolyte, an emulsion layer is separated, the freezing breakdown of emulsion that thaws again, one time breakdown of emulsion condition is: freezing temp-20 DEG C, freezing time 24 hours, thaw point 45 DEG C, thaw 3 hours, obtain an emulsion and it is centrifugal, centrifugal condition is: rotating speed 4000/min, centrifugal 10min, obtain the first layer edible vegetable oil, second layer emulsion layer and third layer waste liquid successively, successively draw and obtain secondary oil tea-seed oil and second emulsifying layer, be separated by second emulsifying layer, the freezing breakdown of emulsion that thaws again, described secondary breakdown of emulsion condition is: freezing temp-20 DEG C, freezing time 24 hours, thaw point 45 DEG C, thaws 3 hours, obtains secondary emulsion and it is centrifugal, centrifugal condition is: rotating speed 4000r/min, centrifugal 10min, obtains the first layer edible vegetable oil, second layer emulsion layer and third layer waste liquid successively, draws upper strata edible vegetable oil and obtains three camellia seed oils, and mix with a camellia seed oil and secondary oil tea-seed oil, obtained camellia seed oil, protein hydrolyte is carried out freezing vacuum pipe dry, condition is: freezing temp-6 DEG C, freezing time 40h, and vacuum tightness is 1pa, obtains tea seed albumen, camellia seed oil yield is 85.1%, tea seed purity of protein (butt) 44.6%, extraction yield 78.2%.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, but it is not limited in listed in specification sheets and embodiment utilization, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment, therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the legend described.
Claims (7)
1. aqueous enzymatic method prepares a method for camellia seed oil and tea seed albumen simultaneously, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Step one, slurries obtain: by camellia seed meal raw material and water mixing, obtained slurries;
Step 2, enzymolysis: regulate slurries pH to be adjusted to 8 ~ 11, add protease hydrolyzed, enzyme digestion reaction temperature is 45 ~ 55 DEG C, the enzyme digestion reaction time is 2 ~ 5 hours, treat that enzyme digestion reaction terminates, enzymolysis solution is warming up to 85 ~ 100 DEG C of enzymes 10 ~ 20 minutes of going out, after being cooled to 50 ~ 60 DEG C, enzymolysis solution is centrifugal, obtain the first layer edible vegetable oil, second layer emulsion layer, third layer protein hydrolyte and the 4th layer of waste residue successively, successively draw and obtain camellia seed oil, an emulsion layer and a protein hydrolyte;
Step 3, a breakdown of emulsion: emulsion layer be separated, the freezing breakdown of emulsion that thaws again, obtain an emulsion and it is centrifugal, obtains the first layer edible vegetable oil, second layer emulsion layer and third layer waste liquid successively, successively draw and obtain secondary oil tea-seed oil and second emulsifying layer;
Step 4, secondary breakdown of emulsion: second emulsifying layer is separated, the freezing breakdown of emulsion that thaws again, obtain secondary emulsion and it is centrifugal, obtain the first layer edible vegetable oil, second layer emulsion layer and third layer waste liquid successively, draw upper strata edible vegetable oil and obtain three camellia seed oils, and mix with a camellia seed oil and secondary oil tea-seed oil, obtained camellia seed oil;
Step 5, the protein hydrolyte lyophilize will obtained in step 2, obtain tea seed albumen.
2. aqueous enzymatic method as claimed in claim 1 prepares the method for camellia seed oil and tea seed albumen simultaneously, it is characterized in that, camellia seed meal stock preparation process in described step one is: obtain camellia seed meal by the tea-seed pancake after squeezing, and is pulverized and sieved that to obtain granular size be 20 ~ 40 object camellia seed meal raw materials.
3. aqueous enzymatic method as claimed in claim 2 prepares the method for camellia seed oil and tea seed albumen simultaneously, it is characterized in that, the slurries in described step one mix obtained by camellia seed meal raw material and water being pressed solid-liquid ratio 1g:4 ~ 6mL.
4. aqueous enzymatic method as claimed in claim 1 prepares the method for camellia seed oil and tea seed albumen simultaneously, it is characterized in that, by adding sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide in slurries, so that slurries pH is adjusted to 8 ~ 11 in described step 2.
5. aqueous enzymatic method as claimed in claim 1 prepares the method for camellia seed oil and tea seed albumen simultaneously, it is characterized in that, the proteolytic enzyme in described step 2 adopts Sumizyme MP, and its enzyme concentration is 0.5% ~ 2% of camellia seed meal raw material dosage.
6. aqueous enzymatic method as claimed in claim 1 prepares the method for camellia seed oil and tea seed albumen simultaneously, and it is characterized in that, a described breakdown of emulsion and secondary breakdown of emulsion condition are: freezing temp-20 DEG C, freezing time 24 hours, and thaw point 45 DEG C thaws 3 hours.
7. aqueous enzymatic method as claimed in claim 1 prepares the method for camellia seed oil and tea seed albumen simultaneously, and it is characterized in that, in described step 5, cryodesiccated condition is: freezing temp-6 DEG C, freezing time 40h, and vacuum tightness is 1pa.
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