CN1049637A - 金属膜的去金属化 - Google Patents
金属膜的去金属化 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种有选择地除去金属化的金属膜以提供一个
从一个区域到另一个区域有分级光学密度的膜的方
法。在金属膜上存在的金属量可以分级和连续地变
化。从膜的不同区域除去不同的金属量,最好是把金
属膜的不同区域暴露于不同的腐蚀液量中,腐蚀液可
以是在一个区域为一种尺寸的小滴,而在不同区域为
不同尺寸的滴。该腐蚀液可以用照相铜版印刷涂敷,
照相铜版印刷在均匀定位中心上有变化尺寸的点,用
较大的腐蚀液点涂敷到较其它区域除去较多金属量
的某区域。
Description
本发明是关于金属膜的去金属化和提供一种在其中不同部分产生不同热量的微波感受器。
为了在微波炉中加热食品的目的,使用真空电沉积法在柔性基片上,如塑料片上沉积金属薄膜是公知的。已知的加热器,如感受器,在食品表面上提供较强的热效应。金属膜薄到足够成为半导电的,这样在加热过程中,由微波炉的电磁场感应到金属膜的电流产生加热食品的I2R损耗。用半导体真空电沉积金属膜的措施进行食品加热已由美国专利4230924;4268420;4258086;4735513;4641005和4678882以及欧洲专利说明书0205304举例说明了。为了产生段片(Patch),即矩形金属化区域,段片周围的部分金属化膜被除去,即全部去金属化,例如用腐蚀液涂敷在要除去的区域上。然后溶解的金属被冲洗掉。
金属化膜的去金属化已被说明,例如在欧洲专利说明书0205304和美国专利3647508;4398994;4522614和4735513。除去金属膜或者是直接向金属膜涂敷腐蚀液、或者是用保护漆复盖金属膜的某些部分,此后,将暴露的全部表面放入腐蚀液中,腐蚀液溶解那些暴露在漆层边缘之外的金属。
在US-4258086所说的方法中,用微小的电流除去金属,该电流在贴近需处理的涂层膜的导电金属箔方块之间流过。用这种方法,Beall和Brastad制备了具有一边小到1/32吋的明显矩形金属化段片或小区的去金属化膜。这些基片全部被均匀隔开的可见矩形所复盖。结果在微波炉内由基片产生的热是均匀分布在全部基片上。
本发明的主要目的是提供一种金属膜的局部去除金属化的改进方法,以提供一种具有光学密度分级的金属膜。
另一个目的是提供一种能产生不同热量的半导体金属化膜,即当它暴露在微波炉的微波能下时,不同的区域有不同的热量。还有另一个目的是提供一种局部去金属化的金属化层,并在其中去金属化的程度能被精确的控制,借此改变涂层中一个部分到另一个部分的光学密度,以便用于装饰或加热。进一步的目的是提供一种被描述为在去金属化的金属膜中,局部去金属化部分对肉眼来说,呈现均匀、等质和连续型式。再一个目的是提供一种独特的微波感受器,它具有适合提供“聚焦”加热的加热片或靶板,以致在靠近中心处产生较高的温度,而在周边产生较低的温度。还有另一个目的是提供一种用于微波加热的局部去金属化的半导体金属感受器,微波加热对于生产制造来说,是经济实用的。能精确控制金属感受器不同区域产生的热量,并且,产生不同热量的各种区域可以做成任何期望的形状。
本发明提供一种由片材制成的非导体基片,它附有一层半导体金属膜,在该膜上的一部分具有选定的电阻率和光学密度,而在它的另一部分则有不同的电阻率和光学密度。所说基片能含有像纸或柔性塑料膜的片状材料。因此,这种产品的不同区域在电阻率和光学密度方面是不同的。结果,该膜的不同区域将吸收或反射不同的光量,对于装饰目的,它将产生独特的观察效果。此外,当它暴露在微波炉中的微波能下时,可产生不同的热量。
在该膜上存在的金属量可以分级并连续地变化,或分阶段变化,以得到一系列的带或段片。在这里,名词“分级的(graduated)”和“分级(gradations)”广泛地用来含有两种形式。最后制成的半导体涂敷产品是柔软可弯曲的,并能制成有许多区域,每个区域都可做成任何期望的形状,且能适合产生不同的热量。同时,对于肉眼来说,各种不同的金属化区域呈现出均匀、等质和连续。不同的金属涂敷区域可以使之呈现不同深浅的灰色,或在某些情况下,呈现不同程度的光反射。
按照本发明的一个最佳生产工艺,一个非导体的基片或基件,如具有一薄度的塑料膜,它最好是均匀的,在其上被提供的金属膜作为原始材料。当感受器被放入微波炉时,金属膜具有能产生热的电特性。按照本发明,在不同区域或面积上,从原始均匀金属膜上除去不同的金属量,则造成从一个区域到另一个区域的电阻率和光学密度是不同的。结果,当暴露在微波炉中的微波能下时,金属膜的不同区域产生不同的热量。
在一个最佳工艺中,使金属膜的不同区域暴露到不同的腐蚀液量中将金属膜局部除去。在一个区域中,以一种尺寸的小液滴进行腐蚀,而在金属膜的不同区域用不同尺寸的小液滴。这种处理,在一个区域除去的金属较另一区域的多。按照本发明可用腐蚀的照相铜板印刷或放在金属膜上,用来腐蚀的掩膜板。在均匀固定的许多中心点上,施加不同尺寸的腐蚀液点,在某些区域施加的腐蚀液点较在其它区域大些,由此,在某些区域除去的金属也比其它区域的多。
通过参考本发明从属权利要求范围所说实施例,将更好的了解本发明。
图1是按照本发明的微波加热感受器的平面图;
图2是与图1相似的另一种感受器的平面图;
图3是按照本发明形成另一产品的第一步骤的透视图;
图4表示图3所示片的局部去金属化的透视图;
图5表示在图4中制备的片被层压到纸基片上的透视图;
图6表示为微波炉加热食品用的由图5层压制备的冷冻正餐盘透视图;
图7说明按照本发明的一种形式去金属化的流程图;
图7a表示从载体到涂敷金属的片蚀刻传动的放大垂直断面图;
图8表示图1所示感受器的4个不同区域达到的温度图;
图9是图1去金属化产物放大约60倍的显微镜平面示意图。
图1和图2说明按照本发明的典型产品。除去图1的形状为园形,图2为方形外,图1和2的产品是相同的。两种形式说明本发明用作加热制品的感受器,如在微波炉中加热食品,借助吸收微波能,并把该能量转换成热能,该热能由导热性传导给食品。
在图1中,感受器10包括由可弯曲的片材制成的基片12,在这种情况下是一个塑料膜,如 1/2 密耳的聚酯薄膜(Mylar),用例如聚醋酸乙烯酯乳化粘结液作为粘结剂粘结到像食品级纸板的支持片14上。在基片12上,涂敷一半导体金属涂层16,该金属涂层16最好是用真空蒸汽沉积法涂敷。开始该涂层16均匀地复盖基片12的全部表面。然后,金属薄膜16的一些部分被除去,以提供将要描绘的一个中心区域18,一个内环区20和一个外环区22。从中心区18除去少量(假如有的话)的金属,而从环区20和22除去的金属量则逐渐增大,由眼观察,区18-22的每一区域是均匀、等质和连续的。区域18呈现深灰色介质,并有稍微的反射,环区20呈灰色介质,环区22呈浅灰色介质。在图2中,一般用24标示的感受器包括一个基片26,如可弯曲的塑料薄膜,在其上涂敷一金属化涂层,一般用28标示,基片26粘结到纸上或纸板支持片上。同样,在图2的情况下,中心区30呈现最暗色,第一环区32呈现稍浅的均匀灰色,而外环区34呈现一个浅灰的均匀环。全部3个区域是单质,均匀和连续的。
金属的品种可采用包括下列金属,但不限于它们,如Al、Cu、Ni、Zn、An、Ag、Sn和不锈钢,该基片12能是一种适合的塑料,包括聚酯薄膜(Mylar)、聚醚乙醇(Danar;Dixon Industries;Bristol、RI)或光滑的纸以及作为不加热的产品,聚乙烯、聚丙烯、玻璃纸、偏氯纶纤维素、乙酸酯以及类似物。
在图1和2说明的实施例中,少量或者没有金属从中心区18和30被除去,而从环区20、22和32、34除去的金属百分数基本上能在电阻率方面造成渐变的分级,且光能穿过,即在这些区域,金属膜的光学密度从中心区最大的光学密度渐变到外边的最小,在围绕环区22和34的区域,所有的金属涂层都被除去,当感受器放在微波炉里暴露于微波能下时,每一个环区20、22和32、34产生不同的热量。在感受器每一部分经过三分钟时间,产生的热量,表示在图8中。
图1和2的实施例主要用于加热各种食品,在食品中心有潮湿或含水的趋势,为了减少这种含水情况,中心区18或30加热最快,环区20和32至少在开始时,以稍慢的速率加热,而环区22和34甚至加热的更慢。可能出现这样的情况,环区20和32能达到的最后温度高于中心区18或30的温度,如图8所示。
参考图3-6,它们说明用于微波炉加热食品的另外形式微波感应器的生产步骤。
如图3所示,由支持滚筒41展开的可弯曲的塑料薄膜带42在生产工艺流程中,从图的左边运行到右边。该薄膜42已予先涂敷了约5A°到1200A°厚度的铝半导体层44。金属膜的电特性导致它在微波炉中产生热,如图4所示的金属涂层44复盖全部薄膜,在这种情况下,没有涂敷的边缘除外。在该情况中,涂层是用铝蒸汽金属化完成的,以提供一种均匀厚度的涂层44。在薄膜不同区域除去不同的金属量,如图4所示。在该例中,没有金属从涂敷面44除去,该涂层区44在切下的片右下部呈一暗矩形。从该片对角的矩形区46除去如20%比值的金属膜,该片呈中等灰色,且全部是均匀的。从矩形区48除去如30%的较多金属量,该矩形呈现较区域46稍有暗淡的灰色。在左上角构成部分C的保留区中,涂层44的全部金属被除去,使膜42呈现明亮和透明。
如图5所示,不同涂层的片42被层压到起支持作用的纸板片49上。片42和49用粘合剂层压在一起之后,它们被冲压成如图6所示的,提供一份食品的存放器,并且作为盘子,它有5个部分供在微波炉中不同食品要求不同程度的加热。含有最多金属的区域44加热最快,含有图形46的金属涂层部分加热为中等程度,而含有涂敷面48的部分,产生的热量最低。在部分C中,则不产生热量,它可用于那些表面不要求加热的食品,这样,所提供的食盒中,包含有适应不同加热的几个不同区域。热量是由感受器提供的,感受器在电阻率和光学密度方面是分级的,以便按要求在不同区域产生不同的热量。这就导致借助已金属化的片42的去金属化构图把几种量级的金属除去,食品放入盘50中后,一个盖子51(图中仅示出它的一小部分)可粘合在盘顶部构成一个存放和运输一份完整膳食的盒子,当它放入微波炉时,在不同的区域被加热到不同的程度。这样该盘50对要求不同加热量的几种不同食品,可根据要求提供具有多种光学密度的金属薄膜。每种食品达到的温度随存留金属膜的光学密度而变化。
参考图7,它说明按照本发明的一种形式生产涂敷片材的方法实施例。如图所示,一条 1/2 密耳的聚酯薄膜带从支持滚筒60上展开,传输过含有许多精细小坑或槽64a的钢凹印版滚筒64,当滚筒64转动时,这些坑或槽由液池66中的腐蚀液充满,多余的腐蚀液被刮片68刮去。一种适用的腐蚀液是:
NaHO 32磅
H2O 186磅
呫吨树胶(Xanthen)(Klezan S) 1000毫升
在这种方法中,包含在小槽64a中的腐蚀液66接触到由塑料膜62支撑的金属涂层63,并转移到该金属膜上(如图7a所示)成为精细相间配置的小液滴67,例如,有40微米的断面,并借助毛细吸引力粘附到金属涂层63上。如果需要,可用弯曲图形滚筒代替凹印版滚筒。
在另一种情况下,基片62可由光纸或具有光滑涂层表面的纸制成,在真空状态下,用蒸汽金属化法把金属膜63涂敷到基片62上。该塑料膜和金属涂层63借助后面传输橡胶滚筒65,与钢凹印版滚筒64挤压接触。塑料膜从滚筒64出来经过在红外线加热器70之下的支持滚筒,该红外加热器轻微的加热腐蚀液,以助于部分金属膜63的清除。腐蚀液在金属膜63上保留几秒钟,例如4秒钟。然后,腐蚀液和分离的金属用水喷头72和水槽74冲洗掉。通过充满新鲜循环水的水池后,该膜通过附加支持滚筒在除去剩余潮湿的一对红外线加热器76之间经过,在这一步骤中,金属膜63从而包含许多腐蚀过并成型的孔69。最后,完成的涂层膜被绕到滚筒78上。因此,按照本发明,该腐蚀液(本发明的另一种形式是用保护漆)被装在机械刻或蚀刻的园柱槽内,在不同区域腐蚀的程度不同。蚀刻或机械刻的程度将从该滚筒上去除不同的金属量。较深的蚀刻除去较多的金属,并允许该有效槽装载较多的腐蚀液到金属涂层膜上。
在这种方法中,除去薄金属膜63用照相铜版印刷可以减少原始均匀涂敷金属膜63涂层的连续网格,这是由于在所有均匀固定的中心上,应用可变腐蚀液66尺寸点的图型之故。该凹印版滚筒64被制成印刷滚筒的形式,以产生期望尺寸的槽64a和产生取决于槽64a的不同尺寸的腐蚀液滴。当槽64a的尺寸增大时,较多的金属膜63将被除去,所以通常由该形成的照像铜版膜将产生较低的热量。在这个方法中,用印刷凹版滚筒64完成的照相铜版印刷来选择和均匀分布槽的尺寸和液滴的大小。在这种情况中(但不限于此种情况),从滚筒64上金属刻蚀的照相铜版备有槽64a,它们以每吋25行槽安排在一个细长的日光相机拍摄图型(Helio Paffern)上。槽64a可以安排成任意期望的图型,但是,每吋长度上槽的行数典型的为25至500,最好为60到300。在环区20里,槽64a可能有约为38微米的截面,而在环区22里,槽64a可能约为50微米断面。
为了保证使大部分腐蚀液66排出槽64a,基片62的表面张力可以调节,例如,把它暴露在电晕放电下。基片62原有的表面张力约为40达因/厘米。可用电晕处理使之升高到至少约为50达因/厘米,更好的达到60达因/厘米或更高。在该方法中,利用毛细吸引作用使腐蚀液转移到金属膜63上。在图1所示产品中,为了产生开孔69,环区20包括17~18%的开口槽面积,环区22包括约22%开口槽面积。
在另一种工艺中,连续的金属涂层63被用保护漆局部复盖,该保护漆涂敷在铜版印刷图型上,例如,一个点图型或复盖该金属涂层63的栅网。在漆干燥之后,用腐蚀液涂敷整个表面,该腐蚀液溶解裸露在漆图型区域之间的金属。
参考图8,它由曲线说明在650W Litton型微波炉中无热吸收负载时达到的温度。可以看出,除去很少或不除去金属的中心区热得很快,但在20秒之后,内环区20达到较高的温度。外环区22热得很慢,但最后达到的温度却高于中心区18的温度。未涂金属的区域12加热最慢。
3个涂敷区的光学密度、光透率和单位面积的欧姆列于下表:
薄膜区图1 | 光学密度(TBX型托比斯光学密度计) | 光透率(托比斯公司转换表I X y land.PA) | 欧姆/面积 |
182022 | ·23·18·11 | 58.966.177.6 | 2171666>10000 |
如图9所示,金属涂层63包含开孔69的照相铜版图型,该开孔的每一个有约40微米的断面,它们被安排在细长的螺旋的图型上(an elongated helix pattern),在这种情况下,它们安置的间距是均匀的。环区20和22还包含微小尺寸的区域71,在该区域里,金属涂层63或者是相对薄,或者是完全被除去。可以看出,在环区22中,区域71比他们在环区20中较大,而且多,给出的环22的光学密度要低于环20或中心区18。
从上述中,可以看出,按照本发明一个薄金属膜被局部除去是用该膜与滚筒表面接触的方法,例如用印刷凹版滚筒或者如果要求,用可弯曲图形滚筒或其它适用于照相铜版印刷的滚筒,该滚筒包括许多微小的含有漆或刻蚀腐蚀液的微小槽。微小的槽的数量及其每个小槽的容积是变化的,如此在某一区域,如区域22,除去的金属比其它区域的多,如基片上的区域18或20,以便在金属化片保留的金属量上提供图型的分级。该最终的产品产生分级的微波加热,并且也能被用于装饰的目的。
在装饰包装中是把金属涂层以不同厚度涂敷到,例如玻璃纸或其它透明包装片材料上,以提供从一个区域到另一个区域涂层保留金属量的分级。本发明还能用于安全目的,例如配制信用卡的嵌入部分,此外,也在证件、票券和货币上配制。它还可用作雷达吸收材料。本发明的其它非食品应用包括用于服装、亚麻布制品、化妆品、糖果和小食品的盒外包装。在这种情况下,金属化一般由鲜明、高反光金属化涂层组成。
本发明可用于加热各种食品,诸如:烘馅饼、水果馅饼、肉饼、面包、电视餐、法式油煎食品,此外,较好的包装食品。当用于加热时,可弯的塑料基片最好层压到一个刚性的或坚固的支撑件上,如纸或纸板。
本技术领域的技术人员一旦了解了上述的原理,则本发明所要求保护的附加权利要求范围内的许多变型对于他们将是显而易见的。
Claims (16)
1、一种具有至少二个金属涂层区域的制品的制品方法,所说的方法包括下列步骤:
(a)提供一个在其上带有金属膜的基片;
(b)至少从基片第一和第二区域中的每一区域有选择地除去金属膜的一部分:
(i)所说从第一区域除去部分金属膜的步骤是处理保留的金属涂层,使其具有第一种电阻率:
(ii)所说的从第二区域除去部分金属膜的步骤是处理保留的金属涂层,使其具有第二种电阻率:该第二种电阻率是不同于第一种电阻率的。
2、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中:
(a)所说的至少从基片的第一和第二区域中的每一区域有选择地除去部分金属膜的步骤包括:
(ⅰ)将第一区域暴露于第一平均尺寸的腐蚀液滴中;
(ⅱ)将第二区域暴露于第二平均尺寸的腐蚀液滴中;第一平均尺寸与第二平均尺寸不同。
3、按照权利要求2所述的方法,其中:
(a)所说的第一平均尺寸的腐蚀液滴由具有10至500微米之间的平均直径的液滴构成;
(b)所说的第二平均尺寸的腐蚀液滴由具有10至500微米之间的平均直径的液滴构成。
4、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中
(a)所说的至少从基片第一和第二区域中每一区域有选择地除去部分金属膜的步骤包括将腐蚀液涂到金属膜的第一和第二区域;所说的涂腐蚀液到金属膜的步骤包括:
(ⅰ)把腐蚀液涂到载体上;
(ⅱ)用毛细作用把腐蚀液从载体上转移到金属膜上。
5、按照权利要求4所述的方法包括一个所说的在腐蚀液转移到金属膜的步骤之后清洗该金属膜的步骤。
6、按照权利要求4所述的方法包括下列步骤:
(a)在腐蚀液已被涂上之后,用红外辐射照射金属膜;
(b)在照射步骤之后清洗该金属膜。
7、按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中所说的至少从基片的第一和第二区域中的每一区域有选择地除去部分金属的步骤包括把不同量的腐蚀液涂到第一和第二区域中的每一区域。
8、一种用于微波加热的感受器,所说感受器包括:
(a)一个基片;
(b)一个支撑在所说基片上的微波作用金属涂层,所说微波作用金属涂层至少限定第一和第二区域的微波作用金属。
(ⅰ)所说第一区域的微波作用金属具有第一电阻率;
(ⅱ)所说第二区域的微波作用金属具有第二电阻率,所说第二电阻率与第一电阻率不同。
9、按照权利要求8所述的感受器,其中:
(a)所说的金属涂层第一区域包括许多第一平均尺寸的小槽;
(b)所说的金属涂层第二区域包括许多第二平均尺寸的小槽;所说第二平均尺寸是不同于所说的第一平均尺寸。
10、按照权利要求8所述的感受器,其中:
(a)所说的微波作用金属第一区域包括一行行的照相铜版图型和在均匀的定位中心上具有许多第一平均尺寸的园柱槽;
(b)所说的微波作用金属第二区域包括一行行的照相铜板图型和在均匀的定位中心上具有第二平均尺寸的园柱槽;所说的第二平均尺寸不同于第一平均尺寸。
11、按照权利要求10所述的感受器,其中:
(a)所说的微波作用金属的第一和第二区域均包括具有平均直径为10至500微米的槽以及在每一行中,每2.54厘米长度上有约60至500个槽的照相铜版图型。
12、按照权利要求8所述的感受器,其中:
(a)所说微波作用金属第一区域有一个园形;
(b)所说微波作用金属第二区域组成一个限定微波作用金属第一区域的环。
13、按照权利要求12所述的感受器,其中所说的第一电阻率高于所说的第二电阻率。
14、包括权利要求8所述的感受器的一种包装盒。
15、一种按照权利要求8所述感受器的制备方法,它包括下列步骤:
(a)提供在其上带有微波作用金属膜的基片;
(b)从基片上所说的第一和第二区域中,有选择地除去金属膜的一部分。
16、按照权利要求15所述的方法,其中:
(a)所说的从基片上第一和第二区域的至少每一区域中除去部分金属膜的步骤包括:
(ⅰ)把第一区域暴露于第一平均尺寸的腐蚀液滴中;
(ⅱ)把第二区域暴露于第二平均尺寸的腐蚀液滴中;该第一平均尺寸不同于第二平均尺寸。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/369,193 US4959120A (en) | 1989-06-21 | 1989-06-21 | Demetallization of metal films |
US369,193 | 1989-06-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1049637A true CN1049637A (zh) | 1991-03-06 |
Family
ID=23454484
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN90104917A Pending CN1049637A (zh) | 1989-06-21 | 1990-06-21 | 金属膜的去金属化 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US4959120A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0478622A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH04506232A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR920702652A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1049637A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU641664B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2018242A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1990015710A1 (zh) |
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-
1989
- 1989-06-21 US US07/369,193 patent/US4959120A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-05-25 US US90/002902A patent/US5059279B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-25 EP EP19900909274 patent/EP0478622A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-05-25 AU AU58264/90A patent/AU641664B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-05-25 WO PCT/US1990/003111 patent/WO1990015710A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-05-25 KR KR1019910701940A patent/KR920702652A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-05-25 JP JP2508845A patent/JPH04506232A/ja active Pending
- 1990-06-07 CA CA002018242A patent/CA2018242A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-06-21 CN CN90104917A patent/CN1049637A/zh active Pending
Cited By (3)
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CN106573724A (zh) * | 2014-08-06 | 2017-04-19 | Fp创新研究中心 | 在用于可持续微波包装的纤维素基衬底上印刷双重微波交互感受器结构 |
CN106573724B (zh) * | 2014-08-06 | 2020-04-03 | Fp创新研究中心 | 在用于可持续微波包装的纤维素基衬底上印刷双重微波交互感受器结构 |
CN113320823A (zh) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-08-31 | 江南大学 | 一种能够改善微波加热均匀性的速食袋 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0478622A1 (en) | 1992-04-08 |
KR920702652A (ko) | 1992-10-06 |
US4959120A (en) | 1990-09-25 |
AU641664B2 (en) | 1993-09-30 |
WO1990015710A1 (en) | 1990-12-27 |
US5059279A (en) | 1991-10-22 |
US4959120B1 (zh) | 1992-07-21 |
EP0478622A4 (en) | 1992-08-19 |
CA2018242A1 (en) | 1990-12-21 |
JPH04506232A (ja) | 1992-10-29 |
AU5826490A (en) | 1991-01-08 |
US5059279B1 (en) | 1995-01-03 |
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