CN104904590A - High-yield and drought-resistant wheat hybridization breeding method - Google Patents
High-yield and drought-resistant wheat hybridization breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104904590A CN104904590A CN201510339741.7A CN201510339741A CN104904590A CN 104904590 A CN104904590 A CN 104904590A CN 201510339741 A CN201510339741 A CN 201510339741A CN 104904590 A CN104904590 A CN 104904590A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield and drought-resistant wheat hybridization breeding method, belongs to the field of wheat breeding and aims at solving the problem that wheat yield fluctuation is great due to natural environmental change. The high-yield and drought-resistant wheat hybridization breeding method comprises the following steps: planting in a rain-proof shed, hybridizing Yannong No 21 with Jinmai 90 to obtain a filial generation A, hybridizing Jimai 22 with Jinmai 90 to obtain a filial generation B, hybridizing the filial generation A with the filial generation B to obtain F1, and carrying out selfing on F1, so that high-yield and drought-resistant wheat is obtained. The high-yield and drought-resistant wheat hybridization breeding method has the beneficial effects that sowing date is late, wheat matures early, tillering and earing are carried out in spring, earbearing tiller percentage is high, stalks are short, spikes and grains are many, thousand seed weight is high, and drought resistance and lodging resistance are strong.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of wheat breeding, particularly a kind of drought resisting High-yield Wheat selection cross method.
Background technology
Wheat is a kind of staple food crop of widely planting in the world, but wheat about has 70% to be distributed in arid, semiarid region, arid is extensively serious on the impact of wheat, and it can affect the physiological metabolism process such as change of the photosynthesis of wheat, respiratory metabolism, water regime and various enzyme simultaneously.Therefore, Drought-resistance in Wheat Journal of Sex Research and Drought resistant Wheat breeding have become one of important topic in the world today.In the face of the present situation that growing population pressure and water resource are day by day deficient, carry out Dryland Targeted Wheat Breeding, cultivate resisting drought saving water, the wheat breed of high yield and high quality will be the effective way ensureing national food security, the sustainable and stable development of promotion Wheat Production.About Dryland Targeted Wheat Breeding and the relation with drought resistance thereof, most result of study shows, the kind with typical Characteristics of drought resistance mostly generally is the farm variety of low yield and middle product, and therefore, the main direction of Dryland Targeted Wheat Breeding research is drought resisting, high yield, extensively fits.Meanwhile, research shows, Drought-resistance in Wheat proterties is complicated quantitative character, and in breeding for drought resistance practice, facedown drought index of correlation carries out selecting not only efficiency low, and is difficult to directly select for some important drought resisting correlated traits such as root traits etc.This just causes the inefficiency of Drought-resistant Breeding, is difficult to adapt to the demand at present to drought-resistant variety.
In the early days of foundation, China's wheat breed improvement is from the starting of competition landrace, and various places are all chosen a collection of excellent landrace and applied in production as transition; Actively introduce external variety trial to plant experimentally simultaneously, and preferentially hybridize with land race, carry out breed improvement.
Along with the raising of Wheat Production level, China and other Wheat Production are enclosed and have all been occurred that per unit area yield increases situation about slowing down gradually nearly ten years, and the fluctuation affecting wheat yield simultaneously by Global climate change strengthens, and wheat breeding enters ramp up.
Summary of the invention
Affect wheat yield by Environmental variations to fluctuate large problem to solve, the invention provides a kind of drought resisting High-yield Wheat selection cross method.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of drought resisting High-yield Wheat selection cross method, it is characterized in that: plant in rain-proof shelter, carry out hybridization by tobacco grower No. 21 with Shanxi wheat 90 and obtain filial generation A, carry out hybridization by Jimai 22 and Shanxi wheat 90 and obtain filial generation B, carry out hybridization by filial generation A and filial generation B and obtain F1, F1 selfing obtains drought resisting High-yield Wheat.
Fertilizer 60000kg/hm is pressed in experimental field
2, purity nitrogen 180kg/hm
2, P
2o
5120kg/hm
2, K
2o150kg/hm
2ratio, disposablely when whole ground to apply.
Drought resisting High-yield Wheat plant height 70-72 centimetre, plant type is compact, and blade is narrower short, very upper, and lodging resistance is better, ripe mutually better; Mu maximum 95-98 ten thousand of tillering, mu effective fringe 36-38 ten thousand fringe, rate of tillering panicle 40-42%, rate of tillering panicle is higher; Grain number per spike 34-36 grain, thousand kernel weight 36-37 gram, unit weight 780-790 grams per liter; Fringe type is rectangular, long awns, white shell, Bai Li, hard, full seed.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: evening in sowing time, ripe early, spring Tiller ears, the percentage of earbearing tiller is high, of short stem, fringe is many, grain is many, thousand kernel weight is high, and drought resisting lodging resistance is strong.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Rain-proof shelter area 300m
2, be brick cement pit, under not back cover, area 2*2m
2, dark 1.5m, has pipeline in the middle of every pond, for mensuration moisture, soil maxmun field capacity 25%, capacity 1.34g/cm, 0 ~ 20cm soil layer organic matter 1.22%, full nitrogen 0.085%, hydrolyzable nitrogen 55.36mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 39.67mg/kg, available potassium 87.34mg/kg.Early October proper seeding, fertilizer spraying, every pond kind 8 row, average row apart from 25cm, starts to remain on 50% of field capacity to results soil water content from period of seedling establishment.Wheat presses fertilizer 60000kg/hm in sowing
2, purity nitrogen 180kg/hm
2, P
2o
5120kg/hm
2, K
2o150kg/hm
2ratio, disposablely when whole ground to apply.
A kind of drought resisting High-yield Wheat selection cross method, plant in rain-proof shelter, carry out hybridization by tobacco grower No. 21 with Shanxi wheat 90 and obtain filial generation A, carry out hybridization by Jimai 22 and Shanxi wheat 90 and obtain filial generation B, carry out hybridization by filial generation A and filial generation B and obtain F1, F1 selfing obtains drought resisting High-yield Wheat.
Filial generation A plant height 70-72 centimetre, plant type is compact, and blade is narrower short, very upper, and lodging resistance is better, ripe mutually better; Mu maximum 92-96 ten thousand of tillering, mu effective fringe 32-35 ten thousand fringe, rate of tillering panicle 38-40%, rate of tillering panicle is higher; Grain number per spike 34-36 grain, thousand kernel weight 37-39 gram, unit weight 780-790 grams per liter; Fringe type is rectangular, long awns, white shell, Bai Li, hard, full seed.
Filial generation B plant height 70-73 centimetre, plant type is compact, and blade is narrower short, very upper, and lodging resistance is better, ripe mutually better; Mu maximum 95-100 ten thousand of tillering, mu effective fringe 36-38 ten thousand fringe, rate of tillering panicle 41-42%, rate of tillering panicle is higher; Grain number per spike 30-33 grain, thousand kernel weight 36-37 gram, unit weight 780-790 grams per liter; Fringe type is rectangular, long awns, white shell, Bai Li, hard, full seed.
F1 plant height 70-72 centimetre, plant type is compact, and blade is narrower short, very upper, and lodging resistance is better, ripe mutually better; Mu maximum 95-98 ten thousand of tillering, mu effective fringe 36-38 ten thousand fringe, rate of tillering panicle 40-42%, rate of tillering panicle is higher; Grain number per spike 34-36 grain, thousand kernel weight 36-37 gram, unit weight 780-790 grams per liter; Fringe type is rectangular, long awns, white shell, Bai Li, hard, full seed.
Obtain drought resisting High-yield Wheat plant height 70-72 centimetre, plant type is compact, and blade is narrower short, very upper, and lodging resistance is better, ripe mutually better; Mu maximum 95-98 ten thousand of tillering, mu effective fringe 36-38 ten thousand fringe, rate of tillering panicle 40-42%, rate of tillering panicle is higher; Grain number per spike 34-36 grain, thousand kernel weight 36-37 gram, unit weight 780-790 grams per liter; Fringe type is rectangular, long awns, white shell, Bai Li, hard, full seed.
Nonirrigated farmland group production test in 2014, average yield per mu 460 kilograms, than contrast tobacco grower No. 21 volume increase 5.3%, than No. 90 volume increase 10.4% of contrast Shanxi wheat, increases production 4.7%, 6 pilots, 6 volume increase than contrast Jimai 22.
Tobacco grower No. 21, authorization numbering: state examines wheat 2004016; Original name: cigarette 96266.Seed selection unit: Yantai City Inst. of Agricultural Science, Shandong Prov..Cultivar origin: cigarette 1933/ Shan 82-29.Provincial authorization situation: Shandong Province's crop varietal approval committee in 2002.Feature: winter habit, Mid-late ripening Multi spike cultivar.Seedling crawls, and growing way is strong, and tillering ability is strong.Plant height 71 centimetres, plant type is compact, and boot leaf is lifted, and fringe layer is neat.Fringe spindle-type, long awns, white shell, Bai Li, seed cutin.Lodging resistance ability is strong, and anti-fall cold spell in spring ability is comparatively strong, and maturation is more late, and not anti-green grass or young crops does.Identification of Drought: drought resistance is medium.Inoculation Disease Resistance Identification: black stem rust immunity, middle stripe rust resisting, middle sense yellow dwarf, high sense leaf rust.
Shanxi wheat No. 90, applying unit: Shanxi Wheat Research Institute Of Agriculture Scinces.Seed selection unit: Shanxi Wheat Research Institute Of Agriculture Scinces, Linfen Ji Nongzhong industry Co., Ltd.Feature: semiwinterness kind.Seedling partly crawls, bud scale white.Plant type is compact, plant height 65 centimetres ~ 72 centimetres, blade celadon, has wax, and maturing stage stem stalk is yellow.Fringe type spindle, spike length 8 ~ 9 centimetres, long awns, white shell.Sterile lemma Long Circle, tiltedly takes on, and grain husk is outspoken, and little spike density is medium.Grain length is circular, white, and hard is full.General mu spike number 27 ~ 300,000, grain number per spike 28 ~ 35, thousand kernel weight 48 ~ 51 grams.Frost resistance is strong, and lodging resistance is strong, strong drought resistance, and anti-green grass or young crops does, and maturation falls yellow good, and the ripe phase is more late 1 day than contrast Shanxi wheat No. 47.
Jimai 22, primary number: 984121; Authorization numbering: Lu Nong examines No. 2006050; Seed selection unit: crop investigations institute of academy of agricultural sciences of Shandong Province.Feature: weak winter habit, seedling half is upright, and frost resistance is general.Within 2 years, regional test result is average: 239 days breeding times, more late-maturing than Lumai No.14 2 days; Plant height 71.6 centimetres, plant type is compact, and after heading, cauline leaf wax is obvious, more resistant to lodging, ripe mutually better; Mu is maximum tillers 100.7 ten thousand, mu effective fringe 41.6 ten thousand fringe, rate of tillering panicle 41.3%, and tillering ability is strong, and the percentage of earbearing tiller is high; Grain number per spike 36.3, thousand kernel weight 43.6 grams, unit weight 785.2 grams per liter; Fringe type is rectangular, and long awns, white shell, Bai Li, hard, seed is fuller.Within 2006, entrust the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Plant Protection's Disease Resistance Identification: in resist to middle sense yellow rust, middle mildew-resistance, sense leaf rust, head blight and banded sclerotial blight, middle sense is to feeling black stem rust.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: evening in sowing time, ripe early, spring Tiller ears, the percentage of earbearing tiller is high, of short stem, fringe is many, grain is many, thousand kernel weight is high, and drought resisting lodging resistance is strong.
Claims (3)
1. a drought resisting High-yield Wheat selection cross method, it is characterized in that: plant in rain-proof shelter, carry out hybridization by tobacco grower No. 21 with Shanxi wheat 90 and obtain filial generation A, carry out hybridization by Jimai 22 and Shanxi wheat 90 and obtain filial generation B, carry out hybridization by filial generation A and filial generation B and obtain F1, F1 selfing obtains drought resisting High-yield Wheat.
2. drought resisting High-yield Wheat selection cross method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: experimental field is by fertilizer 60000kg/hm
2, purity nitrogen 180kg/hm
2, P
2o
5120kg/hm
2, K
2o150kg/hm
2ratio, disposablely when whole ground to apply.
3. drought resisting High-yield Wheat selection cross method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: drought resisting High-yield Wheat plant height 70-72 centimetre, plant type is compact, and blade is narrower short, very upper, and lodging resistance is better, ripe mutually better; Mu maximum 95-98 ten thousand of tillering, mu effective fringe 36-38 ten thousand fringe, rate of tillering panicle 40-42%, rate of tillering panicle is higher; Grain number per spike 34-36 grain, thousand kernel weight 36-37 gram, unit weight 780-790 grams per liter; Fringe type is rectangular, long awns, white shell, Bai Li, hard, full seed.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102907312A (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2013-02-06 | 青岛农业大学 | Breeding method for drought-resistant and high-yield wheat |
| CN103975845A (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2014-08-13 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Method for breeding high-yield, ultrahigh-yield, and multi-resistant wheat |
| CN104365470A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-25 | 江苏瑞华农业科技有限公司 | Rapid selection breeding method of early-maturing high-yielding wheat variety |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102907312A (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2013-02-06 | 青岛农业大学 | Breeding method for drought-resistant and high-yield wheat |
| CN103975845A (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2014-08-13 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Method for breeding high-yield, ultrahigh-yield, and multi-resistant wheat |
| CN104365470A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-25 | 江苏瑞华农业科技有限公司 | Rapid selection breeding method of early-maturing high-yielding wheat variety |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 严美玲等: ""不同基因型小麦抗旱性比较鉴定"", 《青岛农业大学学报(自然科学版)》 * |
| 宋健民等: ""超高产广适小麦新品种济麦22产量形成分析"", 《核农学报》 * |
| 曹亚萍等: ""抗旱优质丰产小麦新品种—晋麦90号"", 《麦类作物学报》 * |
| 杨光圣等: "《作物育种原理》", 31 August 2009, 科学出版社 * |
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