CN104904460A - Mid-grade and high-grade greening method for moderate and severe saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Mid-grade and high-grade greening method for moderate and severe saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 24
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a mid-grade and high-grade greening method for moderate and severe saline-alkali soil. The method includes the following steps that firstly, sampling is carried out to measure the saline and alkaline level of an engineering area, the quantity of saline-alkali soil biological modifiers is determined, and soil improvement on the engineering area is carried out; secondly, the water-salt movement rule is determined according to local climatic characteristics, and spraying time of soil antitranspirants is determined by analyzing the water-salt movement rule; thirdly, the varieties of trees for engineering are determined according to engineering and landscape requirements and soil saline-alkali conditions in combination with conventional varieties of saline-alkali tolerant trees; fourthly, planting planning is carried out in the planting mode of hedges or carpet flower beds and trees. The mid-grade and high-grade greening method has a higher cost advantage than a method of external soil greening, engineering cost is remarkably reduced, and the phenomenon of saline-alkali back etching in the later period will not occur.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological, environmental protective science and technology field, is specifically related to middle and high end, heavy salinized ground greening method in one.
Background technology
Nearly 100,000,000 hectares and widely distributed of China's saline land area, and increasing year by year, be one of saline land, world big country.In recent years, along with Tidal Flat Reclamation and the development of enclosing extra large hydraulic reclamation, newly-increased Perioperative cardiac events area 285 square kilometres every year on average.These saline lands mostly are heavy salinizedly, natural environment rather harsh, and being improved the investment climate by greening is the primary work of various places government in new district is built.
The patent of " the original soil greening method " of applicant's application in 2012, number of patent application is 201210287620, and this technology achieves significant social benefit and considerable economic benefit.Not only be beneficial to the sustainable development of State owned land resource, and significantly reduce engineering cost.Although this technological merit is a lot, also there is certain defect: green tree species is comparatively single, landscape effect is undesirable.Therefore, applicant has invented a kind of middle and high end original soil greening technique on long-term original soil greening basis, and this technology effectively can make up the defect that saline land greening seeds are single, landscape effect is undesirable
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes middle and high end, heavy salinized ground greening method in one, effectively overcomes the defect problems such as saline land greening seeds are single, landscape effect is undesirable.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
Middle and high end, heavy salinized ground greening method in one, comprises the following steps:
Step one, sampling and measuring engineering location saline and alkaline level, determines the consumption of alkaline land soil biological modification agent, and carries out the soil melioration of engineering location;
Step 2, according to local climate feature, determines moisture-salt transport rule, sprays the time by what analyze moisture-salt transport rule determination soil antitranspirant;
Step 3, needs and soil salinity and alkalinity situation according to engineering and view, in conjunction with conventional Salt And Alkali Tolerance seeds, determines that engineering selects seeds;
Step 4, carries out planning plantation with the planting patterns of " hedgerow or mould line+arbor ".
Further, also comprise: step 5, salt pine No. 2 shrub plants of preferential dense planting salt tolerant, and other salt tolerant shrub speciess of collocation plantation, and then salt pine No. 1 and other salt tolerant class magaphanerophytes of planting salt tolerant.
Further, before step 5, the plant nursery stock that need plant to be restrained the growth of seedlings, hardening process; After step 5, after seedling planting, for nursery stock sprays antitranspirant.
Further, the salt pine No. 2 of described preferential dense planting is as hedgerow or mould line, and planting density is 16/m
2, account for more than 60% of hedgerow or the mould line gross area.
Further, after the salt pine No. 2 of dense planting salt tolerant, the broad irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is carried out to soil, after slow seedling, then measures total soil phosphorus and pH, arrange in pairs or groups successively according to measurement result and plant other shrub speciess.
Further, the salt tolerant shrub plant of described collocation plantation is the one or more combination in matrimony vine, leaflet wintercreeper euonymus, gold leaf common bluebeard, the rose of Sharon, hokkaido boxtree, the capsule of weeping forsythia, birch-leaf pear, locust tree, shrubby flase indigo, Ligustrum vicaryi, rose, Sabina vulgaris, China rose, little cypress, rose, yellow rose or photinia glabra; Other resistance to salt magaphanerophytes described are the combination of one or more in Chinese wax, bamboo willow, salt willow, common sallow, dry land willow or Chinese scholar tree.
Further, the soil antitranspirant in described step 2 sprays the stage and comprises:
A, during the nursery stock transplanting initial stage, sprays after pouring water for the first time;
B, weather little precipitation or ground rising strong time spray;
C, after Withdrawal, in order to ensure that soil moisture content sprays;
Soil antitranspirant consumption is: 2 ~ 3Kg/667m
2.
Further, the concentration of the soil antitranspirant of use is 5%, and sprays at the vacuum side of blade of nursery stock.
Further, the composition of described biological modification agent based on the stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed, for improveing the physicochemical property of soil before seedling growth.
Further, in step one, the method for sampling and measuring engineering location saline and alkaline level is five point samplings or S sampling method, and depth selection is 100cm, and the earth surficial sediment that fetches earth respectively, middle level sample, deep layer sample, carry out the mensuration of total soil phosphorus and pH to soil.
Technical solution of the present invention effectively combines soil antitranspirant, soil biological modifying agent and halophile three to the advantage of alkaline land improving.Enrich the technical regulation of original soil greening further.Effectively adsorb soil salt ion by applying soil biological modifying agent, sweetening of the soil alkalescence, reduces Soil salinity.
Known by testing inspection, applying original soil salt content before modifying agent is 0.6% ~ 2.5%, pH more than 8.0, and to apply after soil biological modifying agent 10 days, salt content is 0.3% ~ 0.7%, pH less than 7.5.Coordinate after spraying soil antitranspirant, two Combined effects Be very effective, better to soil salinity and alkalinity control effects.
Technical solution of the present invention has larger cost advantage compared with soil moved in improve the original greening, significantly reduces engineering cost, and there will not be later stage saline and alkaline phenomenon of making a false countercharge.
Technical solution of the present invention has larger cost advantage compared with soil moved in improve the original greening, significantly reduces engineering cost, and there will not be later stage saline and alkaline phenomenon of making a false countercharge.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the Greening Design scheme schematic diagram in the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is nursery stock chart corresponding in Fig. 1 conceptual scheme.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
In technical solution of the present invention, in a kind of, the main theory of middle and high end, heavy salinized ground greening method is according to having: saline land moisture-salt transport rule, soil aggregate to the chelation of salt ion and halophile to the absorption of salt ion, secretion and fixation.
Technical scheme specific embodiment one of the present invention:
In middle and high end, heavy salinized ground original soil greening method, specifically comprise the following steps:
Step one, sampling and measuring engineering location saline and alkaline level, determines the consumption of alkaline land soil biological modification agent;
Step 2, according to local climate feature, grasps moisture-salt transport rule, sprays the time by what analyze moisture-salt transport rule determination soil antitranspirant; Wherein moisture-salt transport rule is with reference to following table 1.
Step 3, needs and soil salinity and alkalinity situation according to engineering and view, in conjunction with conventional Salt And Alkali Tolerance seeds, determines that engineering selects seeds.Choice of tree species can refer to rear subordinate list 4.
Step 4, programming tree kind planting patterns, preferably carries out seeds plantation with the form of " hedgerow or mould line+arbor ".Wherein, plant ' the salt pine No. 2 ' hedgerow of preferential dense planting salt tolerant or mould line, and other shrub speciess of collocation plantation, and then plant arbor species such as ' salt pines No. 1 '.The Chinese tamarisk new varieties that ' salt pine No. 1 ' and ' salt pine No. 2 ' is cultivated for applicant's independent research, wherein ' salt pine No. 1 ' is arbor kind, and ' salt pine No. 2 ' is shrub kind.
In technical solution of the present invention, ' salt pine No. 1 ' also can be replaced the arbor species of other equal salt tolerants, and ' salt pine No. 2 ' also can replace with other shrub species of equal salt tolerant.
Wherein, the planting density as ' the salt pine No. 2 ' of hedgerow or the preferential dense planting of mould line is preferably 16/m
2, account for more than 60% of hedgerow or the mould line gross area.
In technical solution of the present invention, after dense planting ' salt pine No. 2 ', preferably can carry out the broad irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching to soil, after its slow seedling, measure total soil phosphorus and pH again, and plant other shrub speciess successively according to measurement result, and arbor species such as ' salt pines No. 1 ' of arranging in pairs or groups again.Utilize ' salt pine No. 1 ' and ' salt pine No. 2 ' to the absorption of soil salt ion and fixing, the degree making soil salinity and alkalinity be reduced to middle low saline alkali tolerant plant also can to grow, to increase green tree species kind.
For improving plant percent further, the seeds nursery stock that need plant to be restrained the growth of seedlings before field planting, hardening process, after seeds seedling planting, for nursery stock sprays antitranspirant, reducing the rising dehydration of tree body, improving trees surviving rate.
In technical solution of the present invention, the method for sampling in saline land, engineering location is five point samplings or S sampling method, and the soil sample degree of depth is 100cm, gets surficial sediment, middle level sample, deep layer sample respectively, soil is carried out to the mensuration of total soil phosphorus and pH.
Wherein, the total salt assay method of saline land level is: after soil being dried 20 mesh sieves, takes 20g soil sample, and adds 40ml distilled water, shakes up, and leaves standstill, and after grogs precipitation, gets supernatant and measures soil salt angle value.Every increment product repeat for three times, average as this location soil salt angle value.
PH assay method: after soil being dried 20 mesh sieves, takes 20g soil sample, and adds 50ml distilled water, shakes up, and leaves standstill, and after grogs precipitation, gets supernatant and measures soil pH value.Every increment product repeat for three times, average as this location soil pH value.
In technical solution of the present invention, soil biological modifying agent is the product (patent applied for of applicant's independent research, patent name is: the preparation method of a kind of alkaline land soil biological modification agent and using method), also can be other biological modifying agent, for improveing the physicochemical property of soil before seedling growth, reduce soil alkaline ground, increase soil permeability, the composition of soil biological modifying agent is wherein with the stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed, cattle and sheep chicken tankage and inorganic composite fertilizer are primary raw material, the usage amount of soil biological modifying agent is with reference to lower list 2, this table is formulated according to the company's improvement of original soil greening for many years experience.Use the soil alkaline horizon effect after biological modification agent obvious, with reference to the soil shape contrast table before and after the use biological modification agent of table 3.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, soil antitranspirant sprays the stage and comprises: transplant the initial stage, spray after pouring water for the first time; Or little precipitation, spray when ground transpiration is strong; Or after Withdrawal, in order to ensure that soil moisture content sprays.Wherein soil antitranspirant consumption is preferably 2 ~ 3Kg/667m
2.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, trees spray the transfilm that film-forming type antitranspirant is chosen as Gordon company of the U.S., and working concentration is 5%, and sprays at the vacuum side of blade of trees.
The concrete technical scheme of the present invention specifically practices:
" five point samplings " is used to sample to certain engineering location soil, determining its engineering location soil salt content is 8 ‰, soil pH is 7.5, determine that the consumption of alkaline land soil biological modification agent is 0.3m3/m2, soil biological modifying agent being sprinkled upon uniformly the ground that need improve, adopting mechanical rotary tillage repeatedly, can be twice, after modifying agent and soil are fully mixed, leveling land use for greening.
Soil salinity and alkalinity is after biological modification agent process, and soil salt content reduces to 3 ‰, and soil pH reduces to 7.2.
On the land use for greening of leveling, need and soil salinity and alkalinity situation after improved treatment according to engineering and view, in conjunction with conventional Salt And Alkali Tolerance seeds, see the following form 4, determine that engineering seeds are salt pine No. 1, Chinese scholar tree, bamboo willow, salt pine No. 2, the rose of Sharon, little cypress, photinia glabra and gold leaf common bluebeard, wherein, Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 be shown in by Greening Design scheme schematic diagram.
By design planning chart 4, construct, after being completed by planting tree, water permeable irrigation, then spray antitranspirant to earth's surface, consumption is 2.5Kg/667m
2.
For improving plant percent further, nursery stock to be restrained the growth of seedlings before field planting, hardening process, after field planting, for trees spray antitranspirant, reducing the rising dehydration of tree body, improving trees surviving rate.
The table 1 water salt characteristics of motion in season
| Season | Salt water sport | Climatic variation and Crack cause |
| Spring | Salification | Evaporation is strong, and salinity accumulates to earth's surface with moisture movement |
| Summer | Drench salt | Precipitation is large, and earth's surface salinity is with oozing under water, and earth's surface salt content reduces |
| Autumn | Salification | Evaporation is strong, and salinity accumulates to earth's surface with moisture movement |
| Winter | Salinity is stablized | Little precipitation, the low evaporation of temperature is weak, and salinity is stablized |
The concrete consumption of table 2 different soils saline and alkaline biological modification agent
| Soil salinity and alkalinity | Consumption/the m of biological modification agent 2 |
| 0～5‰ | With 0.1m 3/m 2Be as the criterion, increase can be considered according to the situation of hardening of soil |
| 5～10‰ | With 0.2m 3/m 2Be as the criterion, increase can be considered according to the situation of hardening of soil |
| 10～15‰ | With 0.3m 3/m 2Be as the criterion, increase can be considered according to the situation of hardening of soil |
Soil property situation of change after soil biological modifying agent used by table 3
Wherein, common for north Salt And Alkali Tolerance seeds are divided into five grades according to ornamental trees and shrubs salt resistance ability by seeds listed by following table 4, resistance to 0.1% ~ 0.2% soil salt content be 1 grade; Resistance to 0.2% ~ 0.4% soil salt content be 2 grades; Resistance to 0.4% ~ 0.6% soil salt content be 3 grades; Resistance to 0.6% ~ 1.0% soil salt content be 4 grades; Resistance to more than 1.0% soil salt content be 5 grades.
The conventional ornamental trees and shrubs salt resistance ability table in table 4 north
| Sequence number | Tree species names | Arbor/shrub | Salt resistance ability |
| 1 | Salt pine No. 1 | Arbor | 5 grades |
| 2 | Salt pine No. 2 | Shrub | 5 grades |
| 3 | Matrimony vine | Shrub | 4 grades |
| 4 | Chinese wax | Arbor | 3 grades |
| 5 | Bamboo willow | Arbor | 3 grades |
| 6 | Salt willow | Arbor | 3 grades |
| 7 | Common sallow | Arbor | 3 grades |
| 8 | Dry land willow | Arbor | 3 grades |
| 9 | Chinese scholar tree | Arbor | 3 grades |
| 10 | Leaflet wintercreeper euonymus | Shrub | 3 grades |
| 11 | Gold leaf common bluebeard | Shrub | 3 grades |
| 12 | The rose of Sharon | Shrub | 3 grades |
| 13 | Hokkaido boxtree | Shrub | 3 grades |
| 14 | The capsule of weeping forsythia | Shrub | 3 grades |
| 15 | Birch-leaf pear | Arbor | 3 grades |
| 16 | Locust tree | Arbor | 3 grades |
| 17 | Shrubby flase indigo | Shrub | 3 grades |
| 18 | Ligustrum vicaryi | Shrub | 3 grades |
| 19 | Rose | Shrub | 3 grades |
| 20 | Sabina vulgaris | Shrub | 3 grades |
| 21 | China rose | Shrub | 2 grades |
| 22 | Little cypress | Shrub | 2 grades |
| 23 | Rose | Shrub | 2 grades |
| 24 | Yellow rose | Shrub | 2 grades |
| 25 | Photinia glabra | Shrub | 2 grades |
The principle of technical solution of the present invention: alkaline land soil moisture-salt transport has very strong seasonality, by the research to local climate, determines engineering ground moisture-salt transport rule.Then by spraying soil antitranspirant, reducing soil water evaporation, reducing salinity and gathering at topsoil.The soil biological modifying agent of applicant's independent research contains abundant organic matter and soil beneficial microbe, can greatly promote the formation of soil aggregate, effective complexing soil salt ion, improves soil property and improves soil nutrient.
Salt pine No. 1, salt pine No. 2 and other Salt And Alkali Tolerance seeds collocation application, and by increasing the planting density of salt pine No. 1, salt pine No. 2, accelerate the fixing of covered ground and tree body salinity, improve soil salinity and alkalinity and reduce degree, make common saline alkali tolerant plant also can normal growth.
Compared to heavy salinized ground original soil greening method in common, in technical solution of the present invention heavy salinizedly high-end greening method can have a greater variety of trees, landscape effect stronger, to advantages such as the improved effect of soil are remarkable.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. middle and high end, heavy salinized ground greening method in, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step one, sampling and measuring engineering location saline and alkaline level, determines the consumption of alkaline land soil biological modification agent, and carries out the soil melioration of engineering location;
Step 2, according to local climate feature, determines moisture-salt transport rule, sprays the time by what analyze moisture-salt transport rule determination soil antitranspirant;
Step 3, needs and soil salinity and alkalinity situation according to engineering and view, in conjunction with conventional Salt And Alkali Tolerance seeds, determines that engineering selects seeds;
Step 4, carries out planning plantation with the planting patterns of " hedgerow or mould line+arbor ".
2. middle and high end, heavy salinized ground greening method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise: step 5, salt pine No. 2 shrub plants of preferential dense planting salt tolerant, and other salt tolerant shrub speciess of collocation plantation, and then plant salt pine No. 1 and other salt tolerant class magaphanerophytes of salt tolerant.
3. middle and high end, heavy salinized ground greening method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: before step 5, restrains the growth of seedlings to the plant nursery stock that need plant, hardening process; After step 5, after seedling planting, for nursery stock sprays antitranspirant.
4. middle and high end, heavy salinized ground greening method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the salt pine No. 2 of described preferential dense planting is as hedgerow or mould line, and planting density is 16/m
2, account for more than 60% of hedgerow or the mould line gross area.
5. middle and high end, heavy salinized ground greening method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: after the salt pine No. 2 of dense planting salt tolerant, the broad irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is carried out to soil, after slow seedling, measure total soil phosphorus and pH again, arrange in pairs or groups successively according to measurement result and plant other shrub speciess.
6. middle and high end, heavy salinized ground greening method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the salt tolerant shrub plant of described collocation plantation is the one or more combination in matrimony vine, leaflet wintercreeper euonymus, gold leaf common bluebeard, the rose of Sharon, hokkaido boxtree, the capsule of weeping forsythia, birch-leaf pear, locust tree, shrubby flase indigo, Ligustrum vicaryi, rose, Sabina vulgaris, China rose, little cypress, rose, yellow rose or photinia glabra; Other resistance to salt magaphanerophytes described are the combination of one or more in Chinese wax, bamboo willow, salt willow, common sallow, dry land willow or Chinese scholar tree.
7. middle and high end, heavy salinized ground greening method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the soil antitranspirant in described step 2 sprays the stage and comprises:
A, during the nursery stock transplanting initial stage, sprays after pouring water for the first time;
B, weather little precipitation or ground rising strong time spray;
C, after Withdrawal, in order to ensure that soil moisture content sprays;
Soil antitranspirant consumption is: 2 ~ 3Kg/667m
2.
8. middle and high end, heavy salinized ground greening method according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the concentration of the soil antitranspirant of use is 5%, and sprays at the vacuum side of blade of nursery stock.
9. middle and high end, heavy salinized ground greening method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the composition of described biological modification agent based on the stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed, for improveing the physicochemical property of soil before seedling growth.
10. middle and high end, heavy salinized ground greening method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step one, the method of sampling and measuring engineering location saline and alkaline level is five point samplings or S sampling method, depth selection is 100cm, fetch earth earth surficial sediment, middle level sample, deep layer sample respectively, soil carried out to the mensuration of total soil phosphorus and pH.
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