CN104900729A - 横向GeSn/SiGeSn量子阱光电发光器件及其制备方法 - Google Patents
横向GeSn/SiGeSn量子阱光电发光器件及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种横向GeSn/SiGeSn量子阱发光器件,主要解决现有红外发光器件材料毒性大,成本高的问题。其包括:衬底(1)、量子阱(2)、势垒层(3)、N型电极(4)和P型电极(5)。量子阱采用Sn组分为[0,0.3]的GeSn应变单晶材料;势垒层采用Sn组分为[0,0.3]、Ge组分为[0,1]的SiGeSn单晶材料;该量子阱与势垒层横向交叠排列组成发光有源区,且位于衬底上。本发明通过SiGeSn单晶材料在外延过程中的体积改变使GeSn量子阱材料产生横向张应变,减小了GeSn材料带隙,并使导带Γ能谷相对于L能谷下移,提高了发光器件的光谱响应和内量子效率,可用于制作大规模集成电路。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微电子器件技术领域,特别涉及一种光量子阱光电发光器件,可用于宽带通信,医疗,监测。
背景技术
红外波段包含众多特征谱线,工作在该波段的发光器件在宽带通信、国防、医疗、环境监测以及自动影像等很多方面有重要的应用前景。目前,用于的红外发光器件的半导体材料主要为III-V族材料InGaAs、GaInAsSb、InGaSb和II-VI材料HgCdTe。InGaAs发光器件在近红外波段性能优异,HgxCd1-xTe发光器件是目前性能最好的中红外发光器件,通过调节材料中Hg的组分可以实现带隙0-0.8eV的连续可调。然而无论III-V族或者II-VI族材料,本身都会引起环境问题而且成本非常高,且与Si基技术不兼容。因此,IV族材料体系无毒、廉价、且易实现大规模的硅基集成成为了发光器件的主流方向之一。
Ge在1.3-1.55μm波段范围内有较高的发光效率,但是Ge材料为间接带隙材料,这限制了其发光效率的进一步提升。通过在Ge材料中引入Sn原子形成GeSn合金,GeSn合金具有比Ge更小的直接带隙,因此吸收边可以进一步红移,而且随着Sn组分的加入,GeSn材料可以从间接带隙结构逐渐转变成直接带隙结构,从而提高材料的发光效率。
从理论上说增加Sn的组分可以使GeSn材料的带隙减小到零,但由于Sn在Ge中的固溶度很低,即小于1%,因此制备高质量、无缺陷的高Sn组分的GeSn很困难。现在用低温外延生长的方法也只能制备出Sn组分为20~25%的GeSn材料,见[ECS Transactions,41(7),pp.231,2011;Photonics Research,1(2).pp.69,2013]。并且随着Sn组分的增加,Sn原子会偏析或者分凝,材料质量和热稳定型都会变差,因此单纯依靠提高Sn的组分实现较大范围带隙的调节比较困难。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对上述已有技术的不足,根据GeSn材料特性,提供一种横向GeSn/SiGeSn量子阱光电发光器件件及其制备方法,以减小光电发光器件原材料毒性,增大发光器件的吸收谱波长范围,提高器件发光内量子效率。
理论研究和实验证明在GeSn材料中引入张应变可以导致材料直接带隙减小,并有利于材料从间接带隙结构向直接带隙转变。根据此原理本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
本发明的横向GeSn/SiGeSn量子阱光电发光器件,包括:衬底、量子阱、势垒层、N型电极和P型电极,该量子阱和势垒层组成发光有源区,其特征在于:
量子阱采用通式为Ge1-xSnx的应变单晶材料,其中x为Sn的组分,0≤x≤0.30;
势垒层采用通式为Si1-y-zGeySnz的单晶材料,其中,y为Ge的组分,z为Sn的组分,0≤y≤1,0≤z≤0.30;
所述量子阱与所述势垒层横向交叠排列。
本发明制作上述横向GeSn/SiGeSn量子阱光电发光器件的方法,包括如下步骤:
1)利用分子束外延工艺,在衬底上生长Sn组分为0~0.3的弛豫本征GeSn单晶;
2)利用刻蚀工艺,将弛豫本征GeSn单晶刻成横向量子阱,形成GeSn量子阱与间隙横向排列的结构;
3)利用分子束外延工艺,在横向量子阱的间隙中生长Ge组分为0~1、Sn组分0~0.3的SiGeSn单晶材料,形成GeSn量子阱与间隙横向排列的结构,
4)利用离子注入,在SiGeSn单晶材料中不同区域分别注入剂量为1015cm-2,能量为20KeV的磷、硼元素,分别形成N型电极和P型电极,未被注入的SiGeSn单晶材料区域形成势垒层。
本发明具有如下优点:
1、利用应变,提高了发光有源区材料带隙调节效果
本发明采用GeSn单晶材料形成量子阱,并通过SiGeSn势垒层在GeSn量子阱中引入张应变,减小了GeSn量子阱材料带隙,并促进GeSn由间接带隙结构向直接带隙结构转变,在不改变GeSn量子阱材料组分的情况下,不仅能有效调节器件吸收波长范围,而且还能通过减小GeSn量子阱和SiGeSn势垒的厚度比,增强GeSn量子阱的应变,从而提高了发光有源区材料带隙调节效果。
2、采用材料价格低廉、无毒环保
本发明中所采用的材料均为IV族材料,同现有的III-V族材料和II-VI材料相比,IV族材料无毒环保、价格低廉。同时,目前半导体制造工业中的大部分生产设备是针对Si材料设计的,若采用III-V族材料和II-VI材料,则由于与Si工艺不兼容性,不容易实现Si基集成。而使用IV族材料,容易制备出Si基集成的GeSn光电发光器件。
相比其他光电发光器件,本发明使用GeSn量子阱材料作为有源区材料的光电发光器件具有更好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明横向GeSn/SiGeSn量子阱光电发光器件的三维结构图;
图2为本发明横向GeSn/SiGeSn量子阱光电发光器件的截面结构图;
图3为本发明横向GeSn/SiGeSn量子阱光电发光器件的制作流程示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图和实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
参照图1和图2,本发明的横向GeSn/SiGeSn量子阱光电发光器件包括:衬底1、GeSn量子阱2、SiGeSn势垒层3、N型电极4和P型电极5。量子阱2采用Sn组分为大于等于0小于等于0.3的GeSn应变单晶材料,其通式为Ge1-xSnx,0≤x≤0.30;势垒层3采用Sn组分为大于等于0小于等于0.3、Ge组分为大于等于0小于等于1的单晶材料,其通式为Si1-y-zGeySnz,0≤y≤1,0≤z≤0.30;该量子阱2与该势垒层3横向交叠排列位于衬底1上,N型电极4和P型电极5分别被量子阱2两边的势垒层3包裹。
由于SiGeSn势垒层3的晶格常数比GeSn量子阱2的晶格常数小,使得在GeSn量子阱2沿X方向产生的张应变,减小了GeSn量子阱的带隙,并导致导带Γ能谷相对L能谷下移,提高器件吸收谱波长范围和发光内量子效率。
参照图3,本发明制作横向GeSn/SiGeSn量子阱光电发光器件的方法,给出如下三种实施例。
实施例1:制作量子阱的Sn组分为0.3的,势垒层的Ge组分为0,Si组分为0.7的横向GeSn/SiGeSn量子阱光电发光器件。
步骤1:在Si衬底1上,利用分子束外延工艺,以固体Ge和Sn作为蒸发源,用10-4pa的压强,在180℃环境下,生长弛豫本征GeSn单晶,其中Sn组分为0.3,Ge组分为0.7,如图3a。
步骤2:利用刻蚀技术,采用氯基离子基团,在光刻胶掩蔽作用下,将本征GeSn单晶刻成横向量子阱2结构,如图3b。
步骤3:利用分子束外延工艺,以固体Si、Ge和Sn作为蒸发源,用10-4pa的压强,在180℃环境下,在GeSn量子阱之间间隙中生长Si组分为0.7,Ge组分为0,Sn组分为0.3的SiGeSn单晶材料,如图3c。
由于Si、Ge、Sn三者的晶格常数关系为:aSi<aGe<aSn,所以该SiGeSn单晶材料的晶格常数a1比GeSn单晶材料的晶格常数a2小,即a1<a2;在外延生长过程中,由于Y、Z方向的压应变导致了SiGeSn单晶材料体积的变化,从而会在GeSn量子阱2中形成沿X方向的张应变,形成GeSn应变单晶材料量子阱,从而减小GeSn带隙,使器件吸收边红移。
步骤4:利用离子注入,在量子阱两侧的SiGeSn单晶材料中分别注入剂量为1015cm-2,能量为20KeV的磷元素和硼元素,形成电极,即在注入磷元素的区域形成N型电极4,在注入硼元素的区域形成P型电极5,未被注入的SiGeSn单晶材料区域形成势垒层3,如图3d。
实施例2:制作量子阱的Sn组分为0.15的,势垒层的Ge组分为0.5,Si组分为0.35的横向GeSn/SiGeSn量子阱光电发光器件。
步骤一:外延弛豫本征GeSn单晶
在SOI衬底1上,以固体Ge和Sn作为蒸发源,在温度为190℃,压强为10-4pa的环境下,外延Sn组分为0.15,Ge组分为0.85的弛豫本征GeSn单晶,如图3a。
步骤二:刻蚀量子阱
用氯基离子基团作为刻蚀剂,在光刻胶掩蔽作用下,对步骤一外延的弛豫本征GeSn单晶进行横向刻蚀,形成GeSn单晶材料量子阱2,如图3b。
步骤三:外延SiGeSn单晶材料
利用分子束外延工艺,以固体Si、Ge和Sn作为蒸发源,在温度为190℃,压强为10-4pa的环境下,在GeSn量子阱之间的间隙中生长Si组分为0.35,Ge组分为0.5,Sn组分为0.15的SiGeSn单晶材料,如图3c。该SiGeSn单晶材料的晶格常数a1比GeSn单晶材料的晶格常数a2小,即a1<a2;
在外延生长过程中,由于SiGeSn材料体积改变,会在GeSn量子阱2中形成沿X方向的张应变,形成GeSn应变单晶材料量子阱,从而减小GeSn带隙,使器件吸收边向红移。
步骤四:离子注入形成电极和势垒层
利用离子注入,在量子阱两侧的SiGeSn单晶材料中分别注入剂量为1015cm-2,能量为20KeV的磷元素和硼元素,形成电极,即在注入磷元素的区域形成N型电极4,在注入硼元素的区域形成P型电极5,未被注入的SiGeSn单晶材料区域形成势垒层3,如图3d。
实施例3:制作量子阱的Sn组分为0的,势垒层的Ge组分为1,Si组分为0的横向GeSn/SiGeSn量子阱光电发光器件。
步骤A:采用分子束外延工艺在Ge衬底1上,以固体Ge和Sn作为蒸发源,在温度为200℃,压强为10-4pa的环境下,外延Sn组分为0,Ge组分为1的弛豫本征GeSn单晶,如图3a。
步骤B:利用氯基离子基团为刻蚀剂,在光刻胶掩蔽作用下,将本征GeSn单晶刻成横向量子阱结构,如图3b。
步骤C:利用分子束外延工艺,在GeSn量子阱之间间隙中生长Si组分为0,Ge组分为1,Sn组分为0的SiGeSn单晶材料,如图3c。其外延的工艺条件如下:
蒸发源:固体Si、Ge和Sn
温度:200℃,
压强:10-4pa。
该SiGeSn单晶材料的晶格常数a1比GeSn单晶材料的晶格常数a2小,即a1<a2;在外延生长过程中,由于SiGeSn材料体积改变,会在GeSn量子阱2中形成沿X方向的张应变,形成GeSn应变单晶材料量子阱,从而减小GeSn带隙,使器件吸收边向红移。
步骤D:利用离子注入方法,在量子阱两侧的SiGeSn单晶材料中分别注入剂量为1015cm-2,能量为20KeV的磷元素和硼元素,分别形成N型电极4和P型电极5,未被注入的SiGeSn单晶材料区域形成势垒层3,如图3d。
Claims (7)
1.一种横向GeSn/SiGeSn量子阱光电发光器件,包括:衬底(1)、量子阱(2)、势垒层(3)、N型电极(4)和P型电极(5),该量子阱(2)和势垒层(3)组成发光有源区,其特征在于:
量子阱(2)采用Sn组分为大于等于0小于等于0.3的GeSn应变单晶材料;
势垒层(3)采用Sn组分为大于等于0小于等于0.3、Ge组分为大于等于0小于等于1的单晶材料;
所述量子阱(2)与所述势垒层(3)横向交叠排列。
2.如权利要求1所述的横向GeSn/SiGeSn量子阱光电发光器件,其特征在于,势垒层(3)的单晶材料晶格常数a1比量子阱(2)的应变单晶材料的晶格常数a2小,即a1<a2。
3.如权利要求1所述的横向GeSn/SiGeSn量子阱光电发光器件,其特征在于:衬底(1)采用Si材料或其他单晶材料。
4.一种横向GeSn/SiGeSn量子阱光电发光器件的制作方法,包括如下步骤:
1)利用分子束外延工艺,在衬底(1)上生长Sn组分为0~0.3的弛豫本征GeSn单晶;
2)利用刻蚀工艺,将弛豫本征GeSn单晶刻成横向量子阱(2),形成GeSn量子阱与间隙横向交错排列的结构;
3)利用分子束外延工艺,在横向量子阱的间隙中生长Ge组分为0~1、Sn组分0~0.3的SiGeSn单晶材料;
4)利用离子注入,在量子阱两侧的SiGeSn单晶材料中分别注入剂量为1015cm-2,能量为20KeV的P元素和B元素,形成电极,即在再注入P元素的区域形成N型电极4和在注入B元素的区域形成P型电极5,未被注入的SiGeSn单晶材料区域形成势垒层(3),形成量子阱。
5.权利要求4所述的横向GeSn/SiGeSn量子阱光电发光器件的制作方法:其中所述步骤1)的分子束外延工艺,是以固体Ge和Sn作为蒸发源,设工作温度为180~200℃,在10-4pa的压强下外延GeSn层。
6.如权利要求4所述的横向GeSn/SiGeSn量子阱光电发光器件的制作方法:其中所述步骤2)的刻蚀工艺,是利用氯基离子基团,在光刻胶掩蔽作用下刻蚀GeSn。
7.如权利要求4所述的横向GeSn/SiGeSn量子阱光电发光器件的制作方法:其中所述步骤3)的分子束外延工艺是,以固体Si、Ge和Sn作为蒸发源,设工作温度为180~200℃,在10-4pa的压强下外延SiGeSn层。
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