CN104300013B - 带有应变源的GeSn红外探测器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种带有应变源的GeSn红外探测器,其结构为:在n+型衬底101上面为n型GeSn弛豫层102,弛豫层上面的SiGe应变源阵列104生长在GeSn光吸收阵列103的光吸收单元的周围区域,GeSn光吸收阵列的顶部为p+型GeSn金属接触阵列105,应变源阵列的顶部为p+型SiGe金属接触阵列106,第一电极107环绕在探测器的光照区金属接触阵列之上,第二电极108在n+型衬底之上。其中应变源阵列104的材料的晶格常数比光吸收阵列103的材料小,形成对光吸收区的应变,该应变在xy平面内为双轴张应变,在z方向为单轴压应变。这种应变有利于GeSn沟道Γ点下移,使直接带隙Eg Γ宽度减小,从而展宽探测器的光响应范围。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及红外探测技术领域,具体涉及一种GeSn红外探测器。
背景技术
红外技术发展的先导是红外探测器的发展,一个国家红外探测器的发展水平代表着其红外技术的发展水平。红外探测器在军事、国防、消防、医疗、气候监测、资源勘探、天文观测等很多方面有着重要的应用。二战使红外探测技术得到了迅速的发展。先后出现了InSb、HgCdTe、掺杂Si、PtSi等材料的红外探测器。但是InSb和PtSi都没有波长可调性。虽然掺杂Si有很宽的光谱带宽,但是也不具备波长可调性,而且必须工作在很低的温度。碲镉汞(Hg x Cd1-x Te)长波长红外探测器是目前性能最好的红外探测器,通过调节Hg的组分x可以实现带隙0-0.8eV的连续可调。但是由于碲镉汞本身的性质导致其对环境极不友好,加之其不能满足Si基大规模集成这一当代光通信光互联的技术要求。而利用外延生长的IV族材料体系无毒、廉价、且易实现大规模的硅基集正好可以弥补碲镉汞方面的不足。
在过去的十几年中,由于Ge在1.3-1.55um波段范围内有很高的吸收效率,且可以直接在Si基长出高质量Ge薄膜,使得高性能Ge被认为近红外探测器的最佳备选材料。但是Ge为间接带隙半导体E gl =0.67eV、E gΓ =0.80eV,由于E gΓ 为0.8eV使得Ge探测器效率在1550nm以上的波段骤然下降,而不能覆盖L(1565-1625nm)波段和U(1625-1675nm)波段通讯窗口,即使引入张应变,Ge探测器也不能完全覆盖L(1565-1625nm)波段通讯窗口[Optical Society of America, 19(7), pp.6401, 2011]。理论计算显示第IV族GeSn材料是另一备选材料,因为它能带的可调性,通过调节GeSn中Sn的组分和改变GeSn结构的应变情况,可以实现对GeSn能带E gΓ 的连续调节。
对于弛豫的GeSn材料,若Sn的组分为2%就能覆盖所有通讯窗口,在C与L波段光吸收比Ge探测器增加近10倍[Semicond. Sci. Technol., 24(11), pp.115006, 2009],当Sn的组分达到6.5%~11%的时候,GeSn就会变成直接带隙(E gΓ <E gl )(Journal of Applied Physics, 113,073707, 2013以及其中的参考文献)。但由于Sn在Ge中的固溶度很低(< 1%),因此制备高质量、无缺陷的GeSn很难。现在用外延生长的方法可制备出Sn组分达到20%的GeSn材料[ECS Transactions, 41(7), pp.231, 2011; ECS Transactions, 50(9), pp.885, 2012]。因此通过改变Sn的组分可以改变GeSn半导体的带隙。但是随着Sn组分的增加,材料质量和热稳定型都会变差,因此单纯依靠提高Sn的组分实现较大范围带隙的调节比较困难。理论计算显示,在GeSn中引入双轴张应变有利于从间接带隙到直接带隙的转变,即在Sn组分比较低时带隙就可以有较大的改变。因此通过Sn的组分及张应变的控制可以较大范围的调制GeSn带隙宽度E gΓ 。
为实现张应变GeSn,有人在晶格常数比较大的衬底材料上生长GeSn外延层,衬底材料可以是III-V族材料,比如InGaAs或者Sn组分更高的GeSn。本发明采用此新结构引入双轴张应变。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种带有应变源的GeSn红外探测器的结构。其中应变源材料的晶格常数比光吸收区域材料的小,对光吸收阵列GeSn材料形成沿z方向的单轴压应变,在xy平面内形成双轴张应变。这种应变状态有利于GeSn材料带隙EgΓ的变化,从而实现GeSn红外探测器波长的可调。
本发明用以实现上述目的的技术方案如下:
一种带有应变源的GeSn红外探测器,其包括:
一n+型衬底101,采用Si材料;
一弛豫层102,位于n+型衬底101之上;
一光吸收阵列103,为单晶GeSn材料,分布于弛豫层102之上,每个光吸收单元为方形柱;
一应变源阵列104,为单晶SiGe材料,每个应变源单元为矩形柱,四个应变源单元分布于一个光吸收单元的四面,连接相邻的光吸收单元;
一p+型GeSn金属接触阵列105,为单晶p+型GeSn,对应位于光吸收阵列上;
一p+型SiGe金属接触阵列106,为单晶p+型SiGe,对应位于应变源阵列上;
一探测第一电极107,环绕在探测器的光照区金属接触阵列105和106顶端,将p+型金属接触阵列连接起来;
一探测第二电极108,位于n+型衬底之上;
其关键是,应变源阵列材料的晶格常数比光吸收阵列材料的晶格常数小,从而形成对光吸收区材料的应变,使光吸收区GeSn的带隙E gΓ 变小。
本发明的优点分析如下:
由于本发明的光吸收阵列材料为单晶GeSn,应变源阵列材料为单晶SiGe,通过改变GeSn中Sn的组分和SiGe中Ge的组分,使得应变源材料的晶格常数比光吸收区域材料的晶格常数小,从而对光吸收阵列GeSn材料形成沿z轴方向的单轴压应变,沿xy平面的双轴张应变,这种应变状态有利于GeSn材料带隙E gΓ 的减小,从而实现能带可调。
附图说明
图1 为GeSn红外探测器的立体模式图。
图2 为GeSn红外探测器的YZ面剖面图。
图3为GeSn红外探测器制备的第一步。
图4为GeSn红外探测器制备的第二步。
图5为GeSn红外探测器制备的第三步。
图6为GeSn红外探测器制备的第四步。
图7为GeSn红外探测器制备的第五步。
图8为GeSn红外探测器制备的第六步。
图9为GeSn红外探测器制备的第七步。
具体实施方式
为了更为清晰地了解本发明的技术实质,以下结合附图和实施例详细说明本发明的结构和工艺实现:
其中,光吸收阵列为单晶GeSn材料,应变源阵列为单晶SiGe材料分布在光吸收单元周围,GeSn金属接触阵列、SiGe金属接触阵列分别位于光吸收阵列与应变源阵列之上,第一电极环绕在金属接触阵列顶端,第二电极在衬底之上。
参见图1和图2所示的带有应变源的GeSn红外探测器,其具有n+型Si衬底101、弛豫层102、光吸收阵列103、应变源阵列104、GeSn金属接触阵列105、SiGe金属接触阵列106、第一电极107、第二电极108。
其中,光吸收阵列103、弛豫层102、金属接触矩阵105,采用单晶GeSn材料,材料通式为Ge1-x Sn x (0≤x≤0.25),如可采用Ge0.947Sn0.053,。
应变源阵列104、金属接触阵列106,采用单晶SiGe材料,材料通式为Si1-y Ge y (0≤y≤0.4),如可采用Si0.7Ge0.3。
它们的结构位置关系为:弛豫层102位于n+型衬底101之上;单晶GeSn材料的光吸收阵列103,分布于弛豫层102之上,每个光吸收单元为方形柱;单晶SiGe材料的应变源阵列104的每个应变源单元为矩形柱,四个应变源单元分布于一个光吸收单元的四面,连接相邻的光吸收单元;单晶p+型GeSn金属接触阵列105对应位于光吸收阵列上;单晶p+型SiGe金属接触阵列106对应位于应变源阵列上;探测第一电极107,环绕在探测器的光照区金属接触阵列105和106的顶端,将p+型金属接触阵列连接起来;探测第二电极108,位于n+型衬底之上。
参见图3-图9,为带有应变源的GeSn红外探测器10的制备过程:
第一步如图3所示,在n+型Si 衬底101上,利用外延生长的技术,依次生长一层弛豫的n型Ge1-x Sn x (0< x <0.25)材料,形成弛豫层102,一层Ge1-x Sn x 材料,作为制备光吸收阵列103的基础。
第二步如图4所示,利用光刻和刻蚀使Ge1-x Sn x 材料成为阵列形式,每个单元为正方形柱,形成光吸收阵列103。
第三步如图5所示,利用外延生长技术,在GeSn材料的光吸收阵列103周围,生长Si1-y Ge y (0≤y≤0.4)材料填满第二部刻掉GeSn材料的位置,作为制备应变源阵列104的基础。
第四步如图6所示,利用原位掺杂技术对GeSn材料光吸收阵列103及Si1-x Ge x 材料的顶端特定深度进行p型掺杂,形成p型重掺杂层, 得到p+型GeSn材料的金属接触阵列105和p+型SiGe材料的金属接触阵列106。
第五步如图7所示,利用光刻和刻蚀,在探测器边缘刻蚀掉部分GeSn及SiGe,形成暴露衬底的台阶。
第6步如图8所示,利用光刻和刻蚀,将GeSn光吸收阵列103的每个单元的对角线上的Si1-x Ge x 刻蚀掉,形成阵列形式的SiGe应变源阵列104,p+型SiGe金属接触阵列106。
第7步如图9所示,在探测器的光照区金属接触阵列105和106的顶端,形成环形第一金属电极107,将p+型金属接触阵列连接起来;同时在暴露衬底101的台阶之上粘上片状第二金属电极108。
以上,一个完整的探测器接制备完成。
虽然本发明已以实例公开如上,然其并非用以限定本发明,本发明的保护范围当视权利要求为准。
本发明并不局限于上述实施方式,如果对发明的各种改动或变形不脱离本发明的精神和范围,倘若这些改动和变形属于本发明的权利要求和等同技术范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变形。
Claims (3)
1.一种带有应变源的GeSn红外探测器,其特征在于,包括:
一n+型Si衬底(101);
一弛豫层(102),位于n+型Si衬底(101)之上;
一光吸收阵列(103),为单晶GeSn材料,分布于弛豫层(102)之上,每个光吸收单元为方形柱;
一应变源阵列(104),为单晶SiGe材料,每个应变源单元为矩形柱,四个应变源单元围绕分布于一个光吸收单元的四面,连接相邻的光吸收单元;
一p+型GeSn金属接触阵列(105),为单晶p+型GeSn,对应位于光吸收阵列上;
一p+型SiGe金属接触阵列(106),为单晶p+型SiGe,对应位于应变源阵列上;
一探测第一电极(107),环绕在探测器的光照区金属接触阵列顶端,将p+型金属接触阵列连接起来;
一探测第二电极(108),位于n+型衬底之上;
其中应变源阵列材料的晶格常数比光吸收阵列材料的晶格常数小;
所述光吸收阵列的单晶GeSn材料通式为Ge1-x Sn x ,其中0≤x≤0.25;
所述应变源阵列的单晶SiGe材料通式为Si1-y Ge y ,其中0≤y≤0.3。
2.如权利要求1所述的带有应变源的GeSn红外探测器,其特征在于,所述金属接触阵列(105和106)是利用原位掺杂技术对光吸收阵列(103)及应变源阵列(104)顶端一定深度进行p型掺杂,形成p型重掺杂层, 即p+型GeSn材料的金属接触阵列(105)和p+型SiGe材料的金属接触阵列(106)。
3. 如权利要求1或2所述的带有应变源的GeSn红外探测器,其特征在于,其中应变源通过半导体外延生长技术生长在光吸收单元周围区域。
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US9647165B2 (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2017-05-09 | GlobalFoundries, Inc. | Germanium photodetector with SOI doping source |
CN105514209A (zh) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-04-20 | 西安电子科技大学 | 基于GeSn红外探测器的红外夜视仪 |
CN106024922B (zh) * | 2016-03-02 | 2017-10-24 | 西安电子科技大学 | 基于GeSn材料的光电晶体管及其制作方法 |
CN105895727B (zh) * | 2016-04-22 | 2017-07-28 | 西安电子科技大学 | 基于弛豫GeSn材料的光电探测器 |
DE102016110041A1 (de) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-11-30 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Bauelement zum Detektieren von UV-Strahlung und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauelements |
CN108346713B (zh) * | 2017-01-24 | 2020-01-31 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | 可见-短波红外探测器及其制备方法 |
CN107871800B (zh) * | 2017-02-24 | 2019-06-14 | 西藏民族大学 | n+-GeSn/i-GeSn/p+-Ge结构光电探测器及其制备方法 |
CN109166942B (zh) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-09-27 | 郑州轻工业学院 | 带有磁应变源的自调式GeSn红外探测器及其制备方法 |
CN110896115B (zh) * | 2018-09-12 | 2022-06-28 | 上海新微技术研发中心有限公司 | 光电晶体管、红外探测器和光电晶体管的制作方法 |
CN111211182A (zh) * | 2018-11-19 | 2020-05-29 | 上海新微技术研发中心有限公司 | 一种波导型光电探测器及其制造方法 |
CN111312827B (zh) * | 2018-11-27 | 2022-03-01 | 上海新微技术研发中心有限公司 | 一种单向载流子传输光电探测器及其制造方法 |
CN114613872B (zh) * | 2022-03-04 | 2023-10-13 | 北京工业大学 | 一种全光谱探测场效应晶体管及制备方法 |
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CN103311306A (zh) * | 2013-06-26 | 2013-09-18 | 重庆大学 | 带有InAlP盖层的GeSn沟道金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管 |
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