CN104897425A - Plane strain tunnel surrounding rock model loading observation system and measurement method thereof - Google Patents
Plane strain tunnel surrounding rock model loading observation system and measurement method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a plane strain tunnel surrounding rock model inside and outside pressure loading device and observation system. The plane strain tunnel surrounding rock model inside and outside pressure loading observation system includes a tunnel surface pressure loading system, a surrounding rock lateral pressure loading system and an optical observation system. The tunnel surface pressure loading system is composed of an internal capsule, a loading cylinder, a first six-way valve, a first pressure regulating valve, a first pressure reducing valve and the like; the internal capsule is composed of a rubber film, a gas tap, a sealing bolt, sealing ball, a bottom limiting plate and a clamping ring; and a high-pressure pipeline extends to the bottom of the internal capsule through the sealing bolt and the center hole of the gas tap, and is fixed to the bottom limiting plate at the bottom of the internal capsule. The surrounding rock lateral pressure loading system is composed of lateral capsules, lateral pressure loading plates, a second six-way valve, a second voltage regulating valve, a second pressure reducing valve, a base, lateral box connecting plates and so on. The optical observation system is composed of a digital camera, a computer, a digital image correlation method program or software. With the device and observation system of the invention adopted, a large amount of reliable data can be provided for mechanism research of tunnel surrounding rock damage and instability and the formulation of preventive measures of tunnel rock burst. The device and system of the invention have the advantages of compact structure, convenient operation and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the optical observation system of the inside and outside pressure charger of a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model and distortion thereof, destruction and unstability rule, belong to the fields such as optical measurement mechanics, engineering material mechanics performance test, rock-soil mechanics, Safety of Coal Mine Production.
Background technology
Along with the increase of coal mining depth, frequency and the earthquake magnitude of the disaster generations such as rock burst are increasing.The generation of serious impact ground pressure can cause great property loss and casualties.In February, 2005, there is the gas explosion accident that rock burst brings out in colliery, Sun Jia gulf, Fuxin, causes 214 people wrecked.According to statistics, the rock burst more than 70% occurs in tunnel.At present, the supporting of coal mine roadway mainly adopts the equipment such as anchor pole, anchor cable, steel bracket, concrete support and hydraulic support.Huating Gansu colliery, Yima, henan Province eternal lasting colliery and Laohutai colliery, Fushun attempt adopting hydraulic support to coordinate miscellaneous equipment supporting to have the tunnel of rock burst danger or some key links in tunnel, have received good tunnel erosion control effect.But, many problem in science are still had not make clear, such as, to press or in impact process, how strain field in deep laneway surrounding rock and energy field are subject to the impact of hydraulic support, the rock burst earthquake magnitude that roadway surrounding rock-hydraulic bracket system can be resisted is much, understands that the destruction of deep laneway surrounding rock under supporting and impact or loading environment and unstability rule are the only ways that science controls stability of surrounding rock.
In the lab, in order to further investigate the distortion of roadway surrounding rock model, destruction and unstability rule, researchist adopts different loading systems to load different roadway surrounding rock models.Roadway surrounding rock model is made by carrying out machine work to the rock block of collection in worksite, or according to the principle of similitude, is made up of analog material.Load mode is varied: plane stress loads, accurate three-dimensional loads and three-dimensional loads.The zonal fracturing phenomenon studying deep rock mass is suitable in the loading of tunnel axis direction.Common observation method comprises: foil gauge, displacement meter, resistance instrument, borehole periscope, borehole television, thermal infrared, punctuation, Digital Image Correlation Method etc.In the most literature delivered at present, supporting is not carried out to tunnel.The support form in tunnel mainly comprises following several: fill in kind in (1) tunnel, such as, and foam etc.; (2) in roadway surrounding rock, bar is inserted, the effect of simulation anchor pole; (3) in tunnel, tubular article is inserted, the effect of simulation support; (4) in tunnel, place the pony support, bloom, resin mass etc. of the link supports similar with actual hydraulic pressure support.It should be pointed out that the above-mentioned various practice all attempts to apply roadway surrounding rock the effect of certain power, but the size of power is difficult to measure, the Changing Pattern of power is difficult to consistent with actual conditions, is unsuitable for the research of hydraulic support to shoulder bed effects effect.
In fact, the principal feature of hydraulic support is its constant-resistance characteristic.After the first support stage terminates, when back sinks, hydraulic support column cavity of resorption fluid pressure raises, and column thrust rises thereupon, and this stage is referred to as to increase the resistance stage; When back continues to sink, if column cavity of resorption fluid pressure exceedes the operating pressure of safety valve, safety valve overflow, contract under column, until the fluid pressure of cavity of resorption is less than the operating pressure of safety valve, safety valve cuts out, thus makes column working resistance substantially keep constant, and this stage is referred to as the constant-resistance stage.In the lab, in tunnel, insert tubular article, filling material, wooden unit, bloom, all cannot simulate the constant-resistance characteristic of hydraulic support with the practice such as the pony support of the similar link supports of actual hydraulic pressure support.Above-mentioned pony support generally there is no the element such as hydraulic cylinder, column, only uses connecting rod cannot the complicated mechanical behavior of simulated solution cylinder pressure-upright post system.
Although the strain of the Observable roadway surrounding rocks such as displacement meter method, punctuation, strain gauge method or displacement, precision is not high, wastes time and energy, and is difficult to the information obtaining the whole audience.By contrast, Digital Image Correlation Method can not only ensure precision, and require low to measurement environment, efficiency is high, can obtain the information of the whole audience.But traditional Digital Image Correlation Method (such as, Newton-Raphson alternative manner) has its own shortcomings: (1) is unsuitable for the larger situation of measuring point displacement; (2) initial value of iteration is not easy to determine; (3) easily local optimum is absorbed in.
The invention provides the inside and outside pressure charger of a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model and recording geometry, mainly comprise: tunnel surface pressing loading system, country rock side pressure loading system and optical observation system.Compared with the support form in other simulation tunnel, the present invention can provide the constant pressure acting on surface, tunnel and can accurately control, the information of the roadway surrounding rock model whole audience can be obtained accurately and efficiently, there is provided important technical equipment for carrying out roadway surrounding rock model deformation under the multiple conditions such as supporting, stress loading and Impulsive load, destruction and stability study in a deep going way, obtain result for roadway bump press, the genesis mechanism research of the geologic hazard such as to cave in and Prevention Research have important theoretical and practical significance.
Summary of the invention
For existing roadway surrounding rock model can not apply to act on surface, tunnel constant in pressure and the limited limitation of observation data, the invention provides the inside and outside pressure charger of a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model and recording geometry; Utilize this device and system can obtain the distortion of roadway surrounding rock model under supporting, terrestrial stress and impact loading, destruction and unstability rule, can be colliery deep tunnel Prediction of Rock Burst research and basic data and Technical Reference are provided; This device and system have compact conformation, measuring accuracy is high, data volume is enriched, cost is low advantage.
to achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: the inside and outside pressure charger of a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model and recording geometry, comprise tunnel surface pressing loading system, country rock side pressure loading system and optical observation system, tunnel surface pressing loading system by capsula interna, load cylinder, the first six-way valve, internal pressure table, the first pressure regulator valve, the first reduction valve, interior pressure adds carrier gas bottle and high pressure line forms, country rock side pressure loading system by side capsule, side pressure load plate, side case, side case web joint, base, the second six-way valve, side pressure tensimeter, the second pressure regulator valve, the second reduction valve, side pressure adds carrier gas bottle and high pressure line forms, the side pressure of country rock side pressure loading system adds carrier gas bottle and is connected with the second reduction valve, second reduction valve is connected with the second pressure regulator valve, second pressure regulator valve is connected with side pressure tensimeter with the second six-way valve, second six-way valve and first, two branch roads are connected, each branch road is connected with a side capsule, each side capsule loads in the case of each side, side case is arranging the suitable hole of a size towards the side of roadway surrounding rock model, after the capsule inflation of side, using above-mentioned hole as passage, side direction loading is carried out to roadway surrounding rock model, side pressure load plate is provided with between the side capsule extruded and roadway surrounding rock model, side pressure load plate cushion block is provided with below two pieces of side pressure load plate, side pressure load plate cushion block is provided with below side pressure load plate, side pressure load plate cushion block is between roadway surrounding rock model and side case, the interior pressure of tunnel surface pressing loading system adds carrier gas bottle and is connected with the first reduction valve, first reduction valve is connected with the first pressure regulator valve, first pressure regulator valve is connected with internal pressure table with the first six-way valve, first six-way valve is connected with capsula interna, capsula interna periphery is provided with loading cylinder, interior pressure loads cylinder and is arranged within the tunnel of roadway surrounding rock model, and capsula interna carries out pressure-loaded by loading cylinder to surface, tunnel, the forward and backward face of roadway surrounding rock model is provided with the suitable transparent plate of two pieces of thickness, be respectively arranged with above and below roadway surrounding rock model and load cushion block and roadway surrounding rock model cushion block for perpendicular stress, the base of country rock side pressure loading system is for carrying side pressure load plate cushion block, roadway surrounding rock model cushion block, side case, side capsule and transparent plate etc., side case web joint for connecting two side casees, to avoid the lateral tilt of side case on base.
Any one side case of described country rock side pressure loading system is made up of side box main body, top cover, side case base and two pieces of baffle plates; The main body of side case is by three surface compositions: forward and backward surface and side, and forward and backward surface area is equal; The base of side case comprises 3 parts, vertically with 3 surfaces of side case respectively fixes, and the bottom surface of the lower surface of this 3 part and side box main body is located in the same horizontal plane; The base of side case is provided with bolt hole, the relevant position of side pressure loading system base is also provided with bolt hole, by bolt, the base of side case and side pressure loading system base are fixed; The top cover of side case and the main body of side case are bolted, and the top cover of side case is provided with circular hole, allow the valve of side capsule to pass through; The region that side case encloses is divided into left and right two parts by two pieces of baffle plates of side case, and two parts are communicated by the hole of side box surface to roadway surrounding rock model; Two pieces of baffle plates are parallel with the side of side case, and the end face of the upper surface of overhead gage and side box main body is positioned at same plane, and the lower surface of lower baffle plate and the bottom surface of side box main body are positioned at same plane; Forward and backward for side box main body inside surface is divided into two parts by two pieces of baffle plates, and a part is used for the expansion of constrained side capsule, and a part is for blocking the transparent plate being positioned at the forward and backward side of roadway surrounding rock model, and two pieces of transparent plates can only be drawn out of from vertical direction.
Described side capsule is made up of rubber diaphragm, valve, confinement snap ring, sealing bolt; Rubber diaphragm is made up of bottom, main body, neck and oral area; Main body and oral area cylindrical, conically, bottom is spheroidal to neck; The rubber diaphragm oral area inside surface of side capsule and the outside surface of valve are fixed, be provided with in valve internal thread and in logical center pit, sealing bolt is fixed by above-mentioned screw thread and valve, center pit logical in being provided with in sealing bolt, sealing bead is provided with between valve and sealing bolt, center pit logical during sealing bead is provided with, high pressure line, by the center pit in sealing bolt, valve and sealing bead, is stretched within rubber diaphragm institute region; The oral area periphery of rubber diaphragm is provided with confinement snap ring.
The capsula interna of described tunnel surface pressing loading system is made up of rubber diaphragm, bottom limiting plate, valve, sealing bolt and confinement snap ring; The rubber diaphragm oral area inside surface of capsula interna and the outside surface of valve are fixed, be provided with in valve internal thread and in logical center pit, sealing bolt is fixed by above-mentioned screw thread and valve, center pit logical in being provided with in sealing bolt, between valve and sealing bolt, be provided with sealing bead, center pit logical during sealing bead is provided with, high pressure line is by the center pit in sealing bolt, valve and sealing bead, be stretched over bottom rubber diaphragm, fix with the bottom limiting plate being fixed on bottom; The high pressure line stretching into rubber diaphragm is provided with the venthole of spill; The bottom of capsula interna is plane, contacts with the transparent plate being positioned at roadway surrounding rock model front; The oral area outside surface of capsula interna is provided with confinement snap ring.
The top of described roadway surrounding rock model is provided with perpendicular stress and loads cushion block, bottom is provided with roadway surrounding rock model cushion block, below cushion block is arranged on side pressure loading system base, perpendicular stress loads cushion block and is arranged between pressure head of testing machine and roadway surrounding rock model, the size of cushion block should be suitable, come in contact to avoid the pressure head of testing machine and the high pressure line that stretches out from case top cover hole, side and extruding causes gas leakage, the vertical direction pressure of roadway surrounding rock model is applied by testing machine; Side pressure load plate cushion block is provided with below the side pressure load plate of roadway surrounding rock model arranged on left and right sides; The top of forward and backward of two side casees is fixed by side case web joint; Be positioned at roadway surrounding rock model front and by the transparent plate of the front surface of side case restriction, circular hole be not set, and needing to arrange the circular hole allowing capsula interna valve and high pressure line to pass through in the middle part of the transparent plate being positioned at roadway surrounding rock and model rear.
Described optical observation system is made up of capture apparatus (digital camera or CCD camera), tripod, light source, computing machine, Digital Image Correlation Method program or software; Capture apparatus is fixed on tripod platform, and capture apparatus and tripod are arranged on the dead ahead of roadway surrounding rock model; Digital Image Correlation Method program or software are made up of pre-treatment, calculating and post-processing module; Pre-processing module is for selecting by the part in the great amount of images of capture apparatus record and the setting of calculating parameter and the selection of computation schema; Computing module is used for by the selection strain field of image and the calculating of displacement field; Post-processing module is used for singular point and corrects and the display of various result; Can multiple display modes be had for displacement field: displacement vector figure and isogram, both can show its total amount, also can show its increment, both can show its full dose, also can show its component.
If described roadway surrounding rock model is made up of analog material, the displacement of its measuring point may be comparatively large, and strain is generally not too large; With this understanding, particle swarm optimization algorithm and Newton-Raphson alternative manner can be organically combined, give full play to respective advantage: the result of calculation of displacement has sub-pixel precision, the initial value of iteration is easily determined, is not easily absorbed in local optimum; Digital Image Correlation Method (the Wang Xuebin based on particle swarm optimization algorithm and Newton-Raphson alternative manner that applicant proposes; Du Yazhi; Pan Yishan. based on DIC thick-Strain Distribution of uniaxial compression sand sample of fine searching method and the experimental study of strain gradient. Geotechnical Engineering journal; 2012,34 (11): 2050-2057; Wang Xuebin, Du Yazhi, Pan Yishan. consider the comparison of the Digital Image Correlation Method of single order and Second Order Displacements gradient in shear zone is measured. engineering mechanics, 2013,30 (7): 282-287; Wang Xuebin, Du Yazhi, Pan Yishan. the Digital Image Correlation Method observation of uniaxial compression damp sand sample local and overall volume strain. Geotechnical Engineering journal, 2014,36 (9): 1648-1656) can above-mentioned requirements be met; When the strain of measuring point is larger, suggestion adopts the account form of increment, and namely using front 1 image selected as reference image, select rear 1 image as target image, by that analogy, the results added that the result of full dose is calculated by incremental mode obtains.
The subarea size of described measuring point should be selected as the case may be; Subarea size can not be excessive, can not be too small; The correct coupling between subarea should be ensured, the details of strain field can be portrayed again.
Described singular point refers to the point of displacement, strain or the related coefficient discrepant miscount of point obviously and around it; Usually, singular point can differentiate according to related coefficient; Sometimes, be only not enough to identify singular point with related coefficient, just need check displacement field and strain field.
The effect of the transparent plate of the inside and outside pressure charger of described a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model is for limiting the generation of roadway surrounding rock model along the distortion of tunnel axis direction, making it be in plane strain state.
The effect of the side case web joint of the inside and outside pressure charger of described a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model is the horizontal motion in order to constrained side case, if this motion does not limit, to the inclination of side capsule be caused, thus cause side capsule to the effect no longer maintenance level of side pressure load plate.
The effect of the confinement snap ring that the capsula interna of the inside and outside pressure charger of described a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model and side capsule oral area outside surface are arranged is that rubber diaphragm is contacted with valve intimate.
The charger of the inside and outside pressure charger of described a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model also can adopt oil, emulsifying agent or water as loading medium, but need be replaced by hydraulic pump by adding carrier gas bottle, but this can improve cost.
The charger of the inside and outside pressure charger of described a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model, on the basis disregarding computing machine, capture apparatus and Digital Image Correlation Method program or software, can be controlled within 2.5 ten thousand yuan.
Seal with seccotine between the inside surface of the oral area of described capsula interna and side capsule and the outside surface of valve.
The described inside and outside pressure charger of a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model and recording geometry, comprise the steps:
step one: the preliminary work before roadway surrounding rock model loads;
Above-mentioned charger is placed on testing machine, longitudinal line of symmetry of testing machine seaming chuck is overlapped with longitudinal line of symmetry of above-mentioned charger, by roadway surrounding rock model, before and after it, the perpendicular stress loading cushion block of transparent plate and below cushion block and top is placed in the assigned address within charger, interior pressure is loaded cylinder and inserts roadway surrounding rock model from roadway surrounding rock model rear transparent plate center hole, capsula interna being placed in interior pressure loads in cylinder, by capsule inserting side, side case, side case top cover is sealed up, the cushion block of side case load plate and below is placed in the assigned address within charger,
The effect of described side case is: wrapping portion side capsule, allows part side capsule to extrude, the moving along tunnel axis direction of the transparent plate of forward and backward of restriction roadway surrounding rock model;
Before described roadway surrounding rock model, (inspection surface) generally should spray speckle, and described Digital Image Correlation Method should have sub-pixel precision, is fixed on by digital camera on tripod, and tripod is placed in the front of roadway surrounding rock model surface;
Step 2: the applying process of pressure, country rock lateral pressure and vertical direction pressure in roadway surrounding rock model;
Specifically comprise: starting characteristics test machine, make the seaming chuck of testing machine and the perpendicular stress be arranged at above roadway surrounding rock model load cushion block and slightly contact, stop testing machine; Open and adjust the first reduction valve, opening the valve of the first six-way valve and internal pressure list catenation, open and regulate the first pressure regulator valve, making the pressure reading of internal pressure table reach predetermined value; Open and adjustment second reduction valve, open the valve that the second six-way valve is connected with side pressure tensimeter, open and regulate the second pressure regulator valve, make the manometric pressure reading of side pressure reach predetermined value; Open the connection valve of valve that the first six-way valve is connected with capsula interna and the second six-way valve and first, second branch road simultaneously, capsula interna and side capsule are inflated simultaneously; Start the initial deformation field of capture apparatus to surface, tunnel to take pictures;
Described capsula interna and two side capsules should be inflated simultaneously, are damaged under discontinuity condition to avoid roadway surrounding rock model;
Step 3: roadway surrounding rock vertical direction loads and speckle field record;
Specifically comprise: start capture apparatus, the seaming chuck of selection pressure load mode or displacement load mode manipulation testing machine moves downward or push-down head moves upward, until roadway surrounding rock model occurs obvious macroscopic cracking or total collapse occurs, stop testing machine loading, close capture apparatus;
Step 4: the taking-up and the fragment cleaning that destroy rear roadway surrounding rock model, the releasing of capsula interna, side bag pressure power;
Specifically comprise: close first, second reduction valve, open a valve in the residue valve of first, second six-way valve, to discharge the gas in capsula interna and side capsule, take out the roadway surrounding rock model after destroying, the impurity on the surface clearing up whole fragment and come in contact with roadway surrounding rock model, closes whole valve;
Step 5: repeat step one to four, and change the pressure of capsula interna in the process;
step 6: repeat step one to four, and change the pressure of side capsule in the process;
step 7: repeat step one to four, and make the pressure of capsula interna and side capsule follow certain relation (such as, linear) in the process;
step 8: repeat step one to four, and change the speed that presses down of pressure head of testing machine in the process;
step 9: repeat step one to four, and change the pressure of pressure head of testing machine in the process;
Step 10: repeat step one to four, and change coefficient of horizontal pressure (ratio between side pressure and pressure head of testing machine pressure) in the process;
Step 11: after all tests complete, adopts Digital Image Correlation Method or software to calculate and is selected displacement field and the strain field of speckle pattern, correct singular point and the various result of display simultaneously;
the impermeability of the inside and outside pressure charger of a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model was checked before carrying out described step 2.
Before carrying out described step 11, in order to improve computational accuracy, image filtering and lens distortion calibration should be carried out.
When carrying out described step 11, the method that singular point corrects comprises: change calculating parameter and recalculate and utilize the information of non-singular point around singular point carry out interpolation to the information of singular point and cover.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
compared with other roadway surrounding rock model loading devices and observation procedure, the present invention utilizes capsula interna to load surface, tunnel, the pressure adjustable control of loading; Utilize side capsule to carry out side direction loading to roadway surrounding rock model, the pressure also controllable of loading, can be different from the pressure of capsula interna; Utilization is suitable for displacement field and the strain field of the image that the Digital Image Correlation Method analysis with Displacement precision in the larger situation of observation station displacement is recorded, can be roadway surrounding rock model to be out of shape under supporting, terrestrial stress and impact loading, to destroy and the research of unstability rule provides a large amount of authentic datas, this destroys for the roadway surrounding rock under supporting condition and the study mechanism of unstability and the formulation of disaster-proof measures all have great importance; Device of the present invention and system architecture compact, easy to operate, cheap.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model inside and outside pressure charger structure cut-open view.
Fig. 2 is the capsula interna structure cut-open view of surface pressing loading system in tunnel in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the side capsule structure cut-open view of country rock side pressure loading system in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is recording geometry schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the different longitudinal strains under the supporting condition adopting the present invention to obtain
ε a time roadway surrounding rock model maximum shear strain
γ maxthe regularity of distribution.
In figure, symbol description is as follows:
1 tunnel surface pressing loading system; 2 capsula internas; In 3, pressure loads cylinder; 4 first six-way valves; 5 internal pressure tables; 6 first pressure regulator valves; 7 first reduction valve; 8 high pressure lines; In 9, pressure adds carrier gas bottle; 10 model side pressure loading systems; 11 side capsules; 12 side pressure load plate; 13 side casees; 13-1 side box main body; 13-2 side case base; 13-3 top cover; 13-4 side case baffle plate; 14 second six-way valves; 15 side pressure tensimeters; 16 second pressure regulator valves; 17 second reduction valve; 18 side pressures add carrier gas bottle; 19 side case web joints; 20 without hole transparent plate; 21 side pressure loading system bases; 22 side pressure load plate cushion blocks; 23 roadway surrounding rock model cushion blocks; 24 perpendicular stresses load cushion block; 25 roadway surrounding rock models; 26 side box surfaces are to the hole of roadway surrounding rock model; 27 capture apparatus; 28 tripods; 29 lighting sources; 30 computing machines; 31 Digital Image Correlation Method program or softwares; 32 containing hole transparent plate; 33 optical observation systems; 2-1 capsula interna sealing bolt; 2-2 capsula interna sealing bead; 2-3 capsula interna valve; 2-4 capsula interna confines snap ring; 2-5 capsula interna rubber diaphragm; 2-6 spill venthole; Limiting plate bottom 2-7; 11-1 side capsule sealing bolt; 11-2 side capsule sealing bead; 11-3 side capsule valve; Snap ring confined by 11-4 side capsule; 11-5 side capsule rubber diaphragm.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail
as shown in Figure 1, the inside and outside pressure charger of a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model, comprises tunnel surface pressing loading system 1 and model side pressure loading system 10, tunnel surface pressing loading system 1 loads cylinder 3, first six-way valve 4, internal pressure table 5, the first pressure regulator valve 6, first reduction valve 7 by capsula interna 2, interior pressure, interior pressure adds carrier gas bottle 9 and high pressure line 8 forms, model side pressure loading system 10 by side capsule 11, side pressure load plate 12, side case 13, second six-way valve 14, side pressure tensimeter 15, second pressure regulator valve 16, second reduction valve 17, side pressure adds carrier gas bottle 18 and high pressure line 8 forms, the side pressure of model side pressure loading system 10 adds carrier gas bottle 18 and is connected with the second reduction valve 17, second reduction valve 17 is connected with the second pressure regulator valve 16, second pressure regulator valve 16 is connected with side pressure tensimeter 15 with the second six-way valve 14, second six-way valve 14 and first, two branch roads are connected, each branch road is connected with a side capsule 11, each side capsule 11 loads in each side case 13, side case 13 is arranging a hole 26 towards the side of roadway surrounding rock model, after side capsule 11 is inflated, using above-mentioned hole as passage, side direction loading is carried out to roadway surrounding rock model, side pressure load plate 12 is provided with between the side capsule 11 extruded and roadway surrounding rock model 25, the interior pressure of tunnel surface pressing loading system 1 adds carrier gas bottle 9 and is connected with the first reduction valve 7, first reduction valve 7 is connected with the first pressure regulator valve 6, first pressure regulator valve 6 is connected with internal pressure table 5 with the first six-way valve 4, first six-way valve 4 is connected with capsula interna 2, capsula interna 2 periphery is provided with interior pressure and loads cylinder 3, interior pressure loads cylinder 3 and is arranged within the tunnel of roadway surrounding rock model 25, and capsula interna 2 loads surface, cylinder 3 pairs of tunnels by interior pressure and carries out pressure-loaded.The forward and backward face of roadway surrounding rock model 25 is provided with two pieces of transparent plates; Be provided with perpendicular stress above roadway surrounding rock model and load cushion block 24, below is provided with roadway surrounding rock model cushion block 23; Side pressure loading system base 21 is for carrying side pressure load plate cushion block 22, roadway surrounding rock model cushion block 23, side case 13, side capsule 11 and transparent panel etc.; Side case web joint 19 for connecting two side casees 13, to avoid the lateral tilt of side case 13 on side pressure loading system base 21.
As shown in Figure 2, the capsula interna 2 of described tunnel surface pressing loading system 1 is made up of capsula interna rubber diaphragm 2-5, bottom limiting plate 2-7, capsula interna valve 2-3, capsula interna sealing bolt 2-1, capsula interna confinement snap ring 2-4, capsula interna sealing bead 2-2, high pressure line 8, spill venthole 2-6, the outside surface of capsula interna rubber diaphragm 2-5 oral area inside surface and capsula interna valve 2-3 is fixed, be provided with in capsula interna valve 2-3 internal thread and in logical center pit, capsula interna sealing bolt 2-1 is fixed by above-mentioned screw thread and capsula interna valve 2-3, center pit logical in being provided with in capsula interna sealing bolt 2-1, capsula interna sealing bead 2-2 is provided with between capsula interna valve 2-3 and capsula interna sealing bolt 2-1, center pit logical during capsula interna sealing bead 2-2 is provided with, high pressure line 8 is by capsula interna sealing bolt 2-1, center pit in capsula interna valve 2-3 and capsula interna sealing bead 2-2, be stretched over bottom capsula interna rubber diaphragm 2-5, fix with the bottom limiting plate 2-7 being fixed on bottom, the high pressure line 8 stretching into capsula interna rubber diaphragm 2-5 is provided with spill venthole 2-6, the bottom of capsula interna 2 is plane, and is positioned at contacting without hole transparent plate 20 of roadway surrounding rock model 25 front, the oral area outside surface of capsula interna 2 is provided with capsula interna and confines snap ring 2-4.
As shown in Figure 3, the side capsule 11 of described model side pressure loading system 10 is made up of side capsule sealing bolt 11-1, side capsule confinement snap ring 11-4, side capsule rubber pattern 11-5, side capsule sealing bead 11-2, side capsule valve 11-3, high pressure line 8, and it is inner that high pressure line 8 extends to side capsule rubber diaphragm 11-5 by the center pit in side capsule sealing bolt 11-1, side capsule valve 11-3 and side capsule sealing bead 11-2.
As shown in Figure 4, described optical observation system 33 is made up of capture apparatus 27, tripod 28, lighting source 29, computing machine 30, Digital Image Correlation Method program or software 31; Capture apparatus 27 and tripod 28 platform are fixed, and capture apparatus 27 and tripod 28 are arranged on the dead ahead of roadway surrounding rock model 25; Digital Image Correlation Method program or software 31 are made up of pre-treatment, calculating and post-processing module; Pre-processing module is for selecting by the part in the great amount of images of digital camera record and the setting of calculating parameter and the selection of computation schema; Computing module is used for by the selection strain field of image and the calculating of displacement field; Post-processing module is used for singular point and corrects and the display of various result; Can multiple display modes be had for displacement field: displacement vector figure and isogram, both can show its total amount, also can show its increment, both can show its full dose, also can show its component.
The maximum shear strain of roadway surrounding rock model 25 when Fig. 5 is different longitudinal strain under the supporting condition adopting the present invention to obtain
γ maxthe regularity of distribution, (a)
ε a =0.07, (b)
ε a =0.10, (c)
ε a =0.13, (d)
ε a =0.15; Vertical direction pressure is provided by microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servo testing machine, and adopt displacement mode to load, loading speed is 0.056mm/s; Interior pressure is provided by tunnel surface pressing loading system 1, and pressure is 0.017MPa; Side pressure is provided by model side pressure loading system 10, and pressure is 0.020MPa.Along with the increase of longitudinal strain, the maximum shear strain field of roadway surrounding rock model 25 becomes more and more uneven, respectively defines a shear zone tilted in the left side in tunnel and right side.Finally, macroscopic cracking will germinate from these shear zone positions, and roadway surrounding rock model 25 total collapse will occur.
Described singular point refers to the point of displacement, strain or the related coefficient discrepant miscount of point obviously and around it; Usually, singular point can differentiate according to related coefficient; Sometimes, be only not enough to identify singular point with related coefficient, just need check displacement field and strain field.
The top of described roadway surrounding rock model 25 is provided with perpendicular stress and loads cushion block 24, perpendicular stress loads cushion block 24 and is arranged between pressure head of testing machine and roadway surrounding rock model 25, roadway surrounding rock model cushion block 23 is provided with below roadway surrounding rock model 25, roadway surrounding rock model cushion block 23 is arranged on side pressure loading system base 21, the size of cushion block should be suitable, come in contact to avoid the pressure head of testing machine and the high pressure line that stretches out from the case top cover 13-3 of side and extruding causes gas leakage, the vertical direction pressure of roadway surrounding rock model 25 is applied by testing machine; Side pressure load plate cushion block 22 is provided with below the side pressure load plate 12 of roadway surrounding rock model arranged on left and right sides; The top of forward and backward of two side casees 13 is connected by side case web joint 19; Be positioned at roadway surrounding rock model 25 front and by the transparent plate 20 of the front surface of side case 13 restriction, circular hole be not set, and needing in the middle part of the transparent panel 32 being positioned at roadway surrounding rock model 25 rear to arrange the circular hole allowing capsula interna valve 2-3 and high pressure line 8 to pass through.
The length of described roadway surrounding rock model 25 should be a bit larger tham the horizontal direction size that perpendicular stress loads cushion block 24 and roadway surrounding rock model cushion block 23, this is in order to avoid perpendicular stress loading cushion block 24 and side pressure load plate 12 interfere, the vertical direction size of side pressure load plate 12 is not less than the height of roadway surrounding rock model 25, and various cushion block, side pressure load plate 12 should be consistent with the thickness direction size of roadway surrounding rock model 25.
The effect of described side case web joint 19 is motions of the horizontal direction in order to constrained side case 13, if this motion does not limit, will cause the inclination of side capsule 11, thus causes the effect no longer maintenance level of side capsule 11 pairs of side pressure load plate 12.
The effect of the confinement snap ring that described capsula interna 2 and side capsule 11 oral area outside surface are arranged is that rubber diaphragm is contacted with valve intimate.
The charger of the inside and outside pressure charger of described a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model 25 also can adopt oil, emulsifying agent or water as loading medium, but need be replaced by hydraulic pump by adding carrier gas bottle, and this can improve cost.
The charger of the inside and outside pressure charger of described a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model 25, on the basis disregarding computing machine 30, capture apparatus 27 and Digital Image Correlation Method program or software 31, can be controlled within 2.5 ten thousand yuan.
The top cover 13-3 of described side case 13 is provided with hole, to allow the turnover of the valve 11-3 of side capsule 11.The effect of top cover 13-3 is the longitudinal dilatation of constrained side capsule 11.
The effect of described spill venthole 2-6 is as gas circulation provides passage.
The transparent panel 32 at described roadway surrounding rock model 25 rear should have hole, to allow the valve 2-3 of capsula interna 2 to pass through, and establishes space for it moves to stay.Otherwise at roadway surrounding rock model in the vertical direction by compression process, capsula interna 2 also will move downward, valve 2-3 gas leakage or transparent plate 32 may be caused to damage.
The transparent plate 20 not perforate in described roadway surrounding rock model 25 front, this is for the ease of optical observation, and can ensure that roadway surrounding rock model 25 is in plane strain state.
In described capsula interna 2, high pressure line 8 extends to the bottom of capsula interna 2 and fixes with the bottom limiting plate 2-7 of bottom, and this is in order to avoid capsula interna 2 is along the expansion of tunnel axis direction; The longitudinal dilatation of capsula interna 2, by the transparent plate 20 in extruding roadway surrounding rock model 25 front, can not ensure that roadway surrounding rock model 25 is in plane strain state.
Consider light transmission and intensity, the thickness without hole transparent panel 20 before roadway surrounding rock model 25 should be moderate, but, its below only need be greater than a certain critical thickness containing the thickness of hole transparent plate 32, this is suitable for the less situation of the thickness direction size of roadway surrounding rock model 25.Now, the thickness direction that side pressure load plate 12, perpendicular stress load cushion block 24 and roadway surrounding rock model cushion block 23 also should correspondingly reduce, this is the trouble in order to avoid increasing transparent plate 32 thickness in apertures hole after it when roadway surrounding rock model 25 thickness direction size is less, can arrange certain thickness pad after roadway surrounding rock model containing between hole transparent plate 32 and side case 13 rear surface limiting its motion.
The camera lens of capture apparatus 27 should be arranged on the axis in roadway surrounding rock model 25 tunnel, and makes roadway surrounding rock model 25 blur-free imaging on capture apparatus.
Seal with seccotine between the inside surface of the oral area of described capsula interna 2 and side capsule 11 and the outside surface of valve.
The described inside and outside pressure charger of a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model and recording geometry, comprise the steps:
Step one: the preliminary work before roadway surrounding rock model loads;
Above-mentioned charger is placed on testing machine, longitudinal line of symmetry of testing machine seaming chuck is overlapped with longitudinal line of symmetry of above-mentioned charger, by roadway surrounding rock model 25, transparent plate before and after it, perpendicular stress loading cushion block 24 and roadway surrounding rock model cushion block 23 are placed in the assigned address within charger, interior pressure is loaded cylinder 3 and inserts roadway surrounding rock model 25 from roadway surrounding rock model 25 rear containing the center hole of hole transparent plate 32, capsula interna 2 being placed in interior pressure loads in cylinder 3, by in side capsule 11 inserting side case 13, the top cover 13-3 of side case 13 is sealed up, side pressure load plate 12 and side pressure load plate cushion block 22 are placed in the assigned address within charger.
Described capsula interna 2 is placed in interior pressure and loads in cylinder 3, and the gas expansion of capsula interna 2 makes interior pressure loading cylinder 3 be radially expanded, thus realizes applying pressure to the surface, tunnel of roadway surrounding rock model 25.
The effect of described side case 13 is: wrapping portion side capsule 11, allows part side capsule 11 to extrude, to limit transparent plate 32 the moving along tunnel axis direction of forward and backward of roadway surrounding rock model 25.
Before described roadway surrounding rock model 25, (inspection surface) generally should spray speckle, described Digital Image Correlation Method program or software 31 should have sub-pixel precision, digital camera 27 to be fixed on tripod 28, tripod 28 is placed in the front on roadway surrounding rock model 25 surface.
Step 2: the applying process of pressure, country rock lateral pressure and vertical direction pressure in roadway surrounding rock model;
Specifically comprise: starting characteristics test machine, make the seaming chuck of testing machine and the perpendicular stress be arranged at above roadway surrounding rock model load cushion block 24 and slightly contact, stop testing machine; Open and adjust the first reduction valve 7, opening the valve that the first six-way valve 4 is connected with internal pressure table 5, open and regulate the first pressure regulator valve 6, making the pressure reading of internal pressure table 5 reach predetermined value; Open and adjust the second reduction valve 17, opening the valve that the second six-way valve 14 is connected with side pressure tensimeter 15, open and regulate the second pressure regulator valve 16, making the pressure reading of side pressure tensimeter 15 reach predetermined value; Open valve and the second six-way valve 14 and the connection valve of first, second branch road that the first six-way valve 4 is connected with capsula interna 2 simultaneously, side capsule and capsula interna are inflated simultaneously; Start capture apparatus, taken pictures in the initial deformation field on surface, tunnel;
Described capsula interna 2 and side capsule 11 should be inflated simultaneously, are damaged under discontinuity condition to avoid roadway surrounding rock model 25;
Step 3: roadway surrounding rock vertical direction loads and speckle field record;
Specifically comprise: start capture apparatus (digital camera or CCD camera) 27, the seaming chuck of selection pressure load mode or displacement load mode manipulation testing machine moves downward or push-down head moves upward, until there is obvious macroscopic cracking or total collapse occur in roadway surrounding rock model 25, stop testing machine loading, close capture apparatus 27;
Step 4: the taking-up and the fragment cleaning that destroy rear roadway surrounding rock model, the releasing of capsula interna, side bag pressure power;
Specifically comprise: close first, second reduction valve, open a valve in the residue valve of first, second six-way valve, to discharge the gas in capsula interna 2 and side capsule 11, take out the roadway surrounding rock model 25 after destroying, the impurity on the surface clearing up whole fragment and come in contact with roadway surrounding rock model, closes whole valve;
Step 5: repeat step one to four, and change the pressure of capsula interna 2 in the process;
step 6: repeat step one to four, and change the pressure of side capsule 11 in the process;
step 7: repeat step one to four, and make the pressure of capsula interna 2 and side capsule 11 follow certain (such as, linear) relation in the process;
step 8: repeat step one to four, and change the speed that presses down of pressure head of testing machine in the process;
step 9: repeat step one to four, and change the pressure of pressure head of testing machine in the process;
Step 10: repeat step one to four, and change coefficient of horizontal pressure (ratio between side pressure and pressure head of testing machine pressure) in the process;
Step 11: after all tests complete, adopts Digital Image Correlation Method or software 31 to calculate and is selected displacement field and the strain field of speckle pattern, correct singular point and the various result of display simultaneously;
the impermeability of the inside and outside pressure charger of a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model was checked before carrying out described step 2.
Before carrying out described step 11, in order to improve computational accuracy, image filtering and lens distortion calibration should be carried out.
When carrying out described step 11, the method that singular point corrects comprises: change calculating parameter and recalculate and utilize the information of non-singular point around singular point carry out interpolation to the information of singular point and cover.
Claims (12)
1. the inside and outside pressure of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model loads a recording geometry, it is characterized in that: it comprises tunnel surface pressing loading system, country rock side pressure loading system and optical observation system; Tunnel surface pressing loading system by capsula interna, load cylinder, the first six-way valve, internal pressure table, the first pressure regulator valve, the first reduction valve, interior pressure adds carrier gas bottle and high pressure line forms; Capsula interna is made up of rubber diaphragm, bottom limiting plate, valve, sealing bolt and confinement snap ring; Country rock side pressure loading system by side capsule, side pressure load plate, side case, the second six-way valve, side pressure tensimeter, the second pressure regulator valve, the second reduction valve, base, side case web joint, side pressure adds carrier gas bottle and high pressure line forms; Side capsule is made up of rubber diaphragm, valve, sealing bolt, confinement snap ring; The annexation of tunnel surface pressing loading system is: interior pressure adds carrier gas bottle and is connected with the first reduction valve, first reduction valve is connected with the first pressure regulator valve, first pressure regulator valve is connected with internal pressure table with the first six-way valve, first six-way valve is connected with capsula interna, capsula interna periphery is provided with interior pressure and loads cylinder, and interior pressure loads cylinder and is arranged within the tunnel of roadway surrounding rock model; The annexation of country rock side pressure loading system is: side pressure adds carrier gas bottle and is connected with the second reduction valve, second reduction valve is connected with the second pressure regulator valve, second pressure regulator valve is connected with side pressure tensimeter with the second six-way valve, second six-way valve is connected with first and second branch road, each branch road is connected with a side capsule, side capsule is arranged within the case of side, extrudes, jam-packed side pressure load plate after the inflation of side capsule from the hole towards roadway surrounding rock model of side case; Side pressure load plate cushion block is provided with below two pieces of side pressure load plate; Side pressure load plate cushion block is between roadway surrounding rock model and side case; The forward and backward face of roadway surrounding rock model is provided with two pieces of transparent plates; Be provided with perpendicular stress above roadway surrounding rock model and load cushion block, below is provided with roadway surrounding rock model cushion block; The base of country rock side pressure loading system is for carrying side pressure load plate cushion block, roadway surrounding rock model cushion block, side case and two pieces of transparent plates; Side case web joint for connecting two side casees, to avoid the lateral tilt of side case on base.
2. the inside and outside pressure charger of a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model according to claims 1 and recording geometry, is characterized in that: described optical observation system is made up of capture apparatus (digital camera or CCD camera), tripod, lighting source, computing machine, Digital Image Correlation Method program or software; Capture apparatus is fixed on tripod platform thereunder, and capture apparatus and tripod are arranged on the dead ahead of roadway surrounding rock model; Digital Image Correlation Method program or software are made up of pre-treatment, calculating and post-processing module; Pre-processing module is for selecting by the part in the great amount of images of capture apparatus record and the setting of calculating parameter and the selection of computation schema; Computing module is used for by the selection displacement field of image and the calculating of strain field; Post-processing module is used for singular point and corrects and the display of various result; Can multiple display modes be had for displacement field: displacement vector figure and isogram, both can show its total amount, also can show its increment, both can show its full dose, also can show its component.
3. the inside and outside pressure charger of a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model according to claim 1, is characterized in that: capsula interna 1, side capsule, tensimeter, six-way valve, adds each 2 of carrier gas bottle.
4. the inside and outside pressure of a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model according to claim 1 loads recording geometry, it is characterized in that: capsula interna is made up of rubber diaphragm, bottom limiting plate, valve, sealing bolt and confinement snap ring, high pressure line is extended to bottom rubber diaphragm by the center pit in sealing bolt, valve and sealing bead and fixes with bottom limiting plate, bottom limiting plate and rubber diaphragm bottom plane fix, the high pressure line in rubber diaphragm parcel region is provided with spill venthole, capsula interna and capsule rubber diaphragm oral area periphery, side are provided with confinement snap ring.
5. in a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model according to claim 1, external pressure charger, it is characterized in that: side capsule is by sealing bolt, confine snap ring, rubber pattern, valve forms, the rubber diaphragm oral area inside surface of side capsule and the outside surface of valve are fixed, be provided with in valve internal thread and in logical center pit, sealing bolt is fixed by above-mentioned screw thread and valve, center pit logical in being provided with in sealing bolt, sealing bead is provided with between valve and sealing bolt, center pit logical during sealing bead is provided with, high pressure line passes through sealing bolt, valve and the center pit sealed in bead, be stretched within rubber diaphragm institute region.
6. the inside and outside pressure charger of a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model according to claim 1, is characterized in that: side case is made up of side box main body, top cover, side case base and two pieces of baffle plates.
7. the inside and outside pressure charger of a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the oral area inside surface of capsula interna and side capsule and the outside surface of valve are sealed by seccotine.
8. the inside and outside pressure charger of a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the transparent plate that two pieces of transparent plates are in roadway surrounding rock model front does not arrange hole, the transparent plate center being in roadway surrounding rock model rear is provided with the hole allowing capsula interna to pass through.
9. the inside and outside pressure of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model loads a measuring method for recording geometry, and the method concrete steps are as follows:
Step one: the preliminary work before roadway surrounding rock model loads;
Specifically comprise: perpendicular stress is loaded cushion block, roadway surrounding rock model cushion block, side pressure load plate cushion block, side direction load plate, interior pressure load cylinder, the transparent plate of roadway surrounding rock model and front and back thereof, capsula interna, side capsule be placed on tram, capture apparatus is fixed on tripod, tripod and lighting source is erected at the front of roadway surrounding rock model;
Step 2: the applying process of pressure, country rock lateral pressure and vertical direction pressure in roadway surrounding rock model;
Specifically comprise: starting characteristics test machine, make the seaming chuck of testing machine and the perpendicular stress be arranged at above roadway surrounding rock model load cushion block and slightly contact, stop testing machine; Open and adjust the first reduction valve, opening the valve of the first six-way valve and internal pressure list catenation, open and regulate the first pressure regulator valve, making the pressure reading of internal pressure table reach predetermined value; Open side pressure and load gas cylinder, adjust the second reduction valve, open the valve that the second six-way valve is connected with side pressure tensimeter, open and regulate the second pressure regulator valve, make the manometric pressure reading of side pressure reach predetermined value; Open the connection valve of valve that the first six-way valve is connected with capsula interna and the second six-way valve and first, second branch road simultaneously, capsula interna and side capsule are inflated simultaneously; Start capture apparatus, taken pictures in the initial deformation field on surface, tunnel;
Step 3: roadway surrounding rock vertical direction loads and speckle field record;
Specifically comprise: start capture apparatus, the seaming chuck of selection pressure load mode or displacement load mode manipulation testing machine moves downward or push-down head moves upward, until roadway surrounding rock model occurs obvious macroscopic cracking or total collapse occurs, stop testing machine loading, close capture apparatus;
Step 4: the taking-up and the fragment cleaning that destroy rear roadway surrounding rock model, the releasing of capsula interna, side bag pressure power;
Specifically comprise: close first, second reduction valve, open a valve in the residue valve of first, second six-way valve, discharge the gas in capsula interna and side capsule, take out the roadway surrounding rock model after destroying, the impurity on the surface clearing up whole fragment and come in contact with roadway surrounding rock model, closes whole valve;
Step 5: repeat step one to four, and the ratio adjusting the ratio of capsula interna pressure, side bag pressure power, capsula interna and side bag pressure power, the loading velocity of testing machine, testing machine pressure, side pressure and testing machine pressure during the course;
Step 6: adopt Digital Image Correlation Method or software to calculate and selected displacement field and the strain field of speckle pattern, correct singular point and the various result of display simultaneously.
10. the inside and outside pressure of a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model according to claim 9 loads the measuring method of recording geometry, it is characterized in that: the impermeability checking the inside and outside pressure charger of a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model before carrying out described step 2.
The inside and outside pressure of 11. a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock models according to claim 9 loads the measuring method of recording geometry, it is characterized in that: whole valves of closing a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock model inside and outside pressure charger before carrying out described step 2.
The inside and outside pressure of 12. a kind of plane strain roadway surrounding rock models according to claim 9 loads the measuring method of recording geometry, it is characterized in that: the Digital Image Correlation Method used should have sub-pixel precision, the distortion larger for measuring point displacement stands good, easily determine the initial value of iteration, be not easy to be absorbed in local optimum.
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| CN110441145B (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-08-17 | 青岛理工大学 | Tunnel lining concrete durability test method |
| CN110441145A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-11-12 | 青岛理工大学 | A kind of tunnel lining concrete durability test method |
| CN111964932A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-20 | 中国矿业大学 | Mine shaft deformation simulation experiment device |
| CN111964932B (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-09-06 | 中国矿业大学 | Mine shaft deformation simulation experiment device |
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| CN117074168A (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2023-11-17 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Surrounding rock deformation experimental device and method for horizontal and vertical linkage mechanics simulation |
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Application publication date: 20150909 |