CN104894881A - 一种高强度植绒基材人造革及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高强度植绒基材人造革及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104894881A
CN104894881A CN201410081603.9A CN201410081603A CN104894881A CN 104894881 A CN104894881 A CN 104894881A CN 201410081603 A CN201410081603 A CN 201410081603A CN 104894881 A CN104894881 A CN 104894881A
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毛国兵
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JIANGSU GUOXIN SYNTHETIC LEATHER CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高强度植绒基材人造革及其制备方法,该人造革利用加入高强度剂浆料采用压延法制备而成,所述高强度浆料由以下重量份的组分配成:PVC树脂粉100份,TPU树脂1~5份,纳米复合材料1~5份,环氧大豆油10~40份,色饼2~20份,稳定剂和发泡剂3~7份,重质碳酸钙10~30份。本发明的人造革不仅具有较好的机械性能,还具有超高强度特性其表面强度转数≥6000次。

Description

一种高强度植绒基材人造革及其制备方法
技术领域
   本发明属于人造革制造领域,具体涉及一种高强度人造革以及这种高强度人造革制备方法。
背景技术
近几年来,植绒皮革的问世,不但是对皮革面料品种与色彩的极大补充与发展,而且也克服了原有皮革染色时不浓不艳、败色问题和不能很及时地随市场流行色变化而变化等缺点。 植绒所用的绒毛,是将长纤维切割或粉碎后,经染色、带电处理而制成的长度较为均匀的短纤维。常用的纤维品种有尼龙、粘胶纤维、丙纶、棉纤维等。它的特点是:集化纤面料丰富多彩的色泽与皮革的生物性能于一体。与五光十色的化纤面料相比,它很容易达到化纤面料染出的各种颜色,其色调又远比化纤面料的色彩更柔和、更富于立体感和层次感,而任何化纤面料所无法具有的只有皮革所特有的各种生物性能它均具有;由于通过了特殊的静电处理,避免了因静电荷积累而造成的困惑,这就拓宽了皮革的应用范围,尤其是用其来制作轿车内衬材料,既具有豪华典雅的色调和真皮的实质,又解决了困惑人们已久的静电荷积累易酿成事故的问题;绒面耐干磨牢度强;成品革抗张强度大;除了具备皮革特有的透气、柔软、丰满等特性外,还具有其独特的耐洗涤、易保洁、隔潮、隔噪音、阻燃等性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具备高强度植绒基材人造革。
    本发明的另一目的是提供一种上述高强度人造地板革的制备方法。
本发明的目的可以通过以下措施达到:
一种高强度人造革,该人造革利用加入高强度剂浆料采用压延法制备而成,所述高强度浆料由以下重量份的组分(原料)配成:
PVC树脂粉                100份
TPU 树脂                 1~5份
纳米复合材料              1~5份
环氧大豆油                10~40份
色饼                      2~20份
稳定剂和发泡剂            3~7份
重质碳酸钙                10~30份。
其中PVC树脂为SG-5 PVC树脂,即S-5型电石法聚氯乙烯,该树脂采用粉末状态制备高强度浆料。
TPU 树脂为热塑性聚氨酯树脂,作为PVC的一种增塑剂使用,浆料中TPU 树脂的用量优选为1~3份。
其中所述纳米复合材料是纳米氧化铝与纳米二氧化硅复合材料,复合材料中氧化铝与二氧化硅的质量比为2:1~1:2。该复合材料为白色蓬松粉末状态,平均粒径为10~30nm,优选平均粒径是20nm;比表面积≥50m/g。该材料粒度分布均匀、纯度高、高分散、其比表面低,具有耐高温的惰性,耐热性强,成型性好,晶相稳定、硬度高、尺寸稳定性好,在本发明中,与其他组分(如TPU 树脂、环氧大豆油、重钙等)合用,相互协同作用,可以大幅提高PVC制品的强度作用。该纳米复合材料在配方中优选采用1~3份。实验发现,如果仅采用其中一种纳米材料,则会大幅降低人造革的强度性能。
环氧大豆油在本高强度人造地板革中作为主要增塑剂,除提升制品性质外还可以避免对环境的污染。
色饼为人造革制造常用色饼,根据不同颜色要求,进行选用。
稳定剂、发泡剂为常用人造革生产用的助剂,其中稳定剂优选为钾锌稳定剂、钡锌稳定剂或PVC复合稳定剂,发泡剂优选为偶氮二甲酰胺(即发泡剂AC)或含偶氮二甲酰胺的混合物。
本发明中的填料采用重钙(重质碳酸钙)。
上述压延法为传统压延法,即将高强度型PVC浆料的各原料在100~150℃下高速搅拌后于145~155℃下首次密炼,得到高强度型浆料;基材于140~160℃下上PU(聚氨酯)浆料,然后与所述高强度型浆料结合于155~165℃下再次密炼,密炼后进入四滚压延机于160~190℃下压延平整,最后于160~180℃下进行发泡压花处理。
高强度型植绒人造革的制备方法具体为:先将高强度型浆料的各原料在高速搅拌机中高速搅拌后进入密炼机进行首次密炼,得到高强度型浆料;基材上PU浆料,然后与所述高强度型浆料结合在密炼机中再次密炼,密炼后进入四滚压延机压延平整,最后进入发泡印花机进行发泡压花处理;其中所述高强度型的各原料及其重量份配比如上所述。
制备方法中,高速搅拌时的温度为100~150℃;首次密炼温度为145~155℃;基材于140~160℃下上PU浆料;再次密炼时的温度为155~165℃;压延温度为160~190℃;发泡压花处理温度为160~180℃。
另经过反复研究,本配方中采取添加部分TPU热塑性聚氨酯树脂,在各组分配合下,充分发挥了TPU和PVC两者优良特性,既可以作为对PVC增塑剂使用,消除部分聚氯乙烯存在的增塑剂迁移、挥发的问题,又可以增加制品的硬度、刚韧性能。本发明中还采用钠米复合材料为强度剂,不仅克服了单一钠米材料难以实现较高强度的缺陷,更与TPU以及其他组分协同作用,极大地提高了PVC人造革的强度性能。本发明的人造革不仅具有较好的机械性能,还具有超高强度特性,其表面强度转数 ≥6000次。
具体实施方式
实施例1
高强度浆料的各原料及其重量份配比为:PVC树脂粉100份,TPU 树脂5份,纳米氧化铝与纳米二氧化硅复合材料(1:1,平均粒径20nm;比表面积≥50m/g)4份,环氧大豆油30份,色饼7份,钾锌稳定剂2份,发泡剂2份,重钙30份。
按配料将计量后的上述各物料经脉冲上料机输入高速搅拌机中,温度控制在100-150℃充分搅拌后,进入密炼机,温度控制在(160℃)密炼数分钟;另外,将基材(各种布料)开幅后,上PU浆料(150℃),将密炼充分的物料与上PU浆料的基材结合,进入二滚开炼机(160℃)开炼,再进入四滚压延机(温度160-190℃)压延平整后,冷却至常温卷曲,再进入发泡印花机(160-180℃)发泡压成各种花纹,然后进行分卷检验,包装入库。
这种人造革物化性能如下: 
表面强度转数 ≥5000次。经向拉伸负荷280 N,纬向拉伸负荷201 N,经向断裂伸长率5%,纬向断裂伸长率14%,经向撕裂负荷17N,纬向撕裂负荷16N,剥离负荷20N,老化性测试不开裂。(根据GB/T18102-2000中的6.3.11规定进行,用脱脂纱布将试样擦拭干净,将试样面向上,安装在磨耗试验机上,并将研磨轮安装在支架上,施加4.9N+-0.2N外力条件下进行磨耗,研磨轮每磨耗500转更换一次。下同)
实施例2
高强度浆料的各原料及其重量份配比为:PVC树脂粉100份,TPU 树脂3份,纳米氧化铝与纳米二氧化硅复合材料(1:2,平均粒径20nm;比表面积≥50m/g)3份,环氧大豆油20份,色饼15份,钡锌稳定剂1份,偶氮二甲酰胺3份,重钙20份。
按配料将计量后的上述各物料经脉冲上料机输入高速搅拌机中,温度控制在100-150℃充分搅拌后,进入密炼机,温度控制在(160℃)密炼数分钟;另外,将基材(各种布料)开幅后,上PU浆料(150℃),将密炼充分的物料与上PU浆料的基材结合,进入二滚开炼机(160℃)开炼,再进入四滚压延机(温度160-190℃)压延平整后,冷却至常温卷曲,再进入发泡印花机(160-180℃)发泡压成各种花纹,然后进行分卷检验,包装入库。
这种人造革物化性能如下:
表面强度转数 ≥5000次。经向拉伸负荷290 N,纬向拉伸负荷200 N,经向断裂伸长率5%,纬向断裂伸长率13%,经向撕裂负荷17N,纬向撕裂负荷16N,剥离负荷21N,老化性测试不开裂。
对比例1
除在高强度浆料中不使用TPU 树脂外,其他同实施例1。所得人造革物的机械性能远低于实施例1,且其表面强度转数<2000次。
对比例2
除在将纳米氧化铝与纳米二氧化硅复合材料改为纳米氧化铝外,其他同实施例1。所得人造革物的机械性能比实施例1低20%左右,其表面强度转数<3000次。
对比例3
除在将纳米氧化铝与纳米二氧化硅复合材料改为纳米二氧化硅外,其他同实施例1。所得人造革物的机械性能比实施例1低20%左右,表面强度转数<3000次。

Claims (8)

1.高强度植绒基材人造革,其特征在于:该人造革利用高强度浆料采用压延法制备而成,所述高强度浆料由以下重量份的组分配成:
PVC树脂粉                100份
TPU 树脂                 1~5份
纳米复合材料              1~5份
环氧大豆油                10~40份
色饼                      2~20份
稳定剂和发泡剂            3~7份
重质碳酸钙                10~30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高强度型人造革,其特征在于:所述PVC树脂为S-5型电石法聚氯乙烯;所述纳米复合材料为纳米氧化铝与纳米二氧化硅复合材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高强度植绒基材人造革,其特征在于:所述纳米氧化铝与纳米二氧化硅复合材料中,氧化铝与二氧化硅的质量比为2:1~1:2。
4.根据权利要求2所述的高强度植绒基材人造革,其特征在于:所述纳米复合材料的平均粒径10~30nm,比表面积≥50m/g。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高强度植绒基材人造革,其特征在于:所述稳定剂为钾锌稳定剂、钡锌稳定剂或PVC复合稳定剂,所述发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺或含偶氮二甲酰胺的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高强度植绒基材人造革,其特征在于:所述的压延法为将高强度浆料的各原料在100~150℃下高速搅拌后于145~155℃下首次密炼,得到高强度浆料;基材于140~160℃下上PU浆料,然后与所述高强度浆料结合于155~165℃下再次密炼,密炼后进入四滚压延机于160~190℃下压延平整,最后于160~180℃下进行发泡压花处理。
7.一种权利要求1所述的高强度植绒基材人造革的制备方法,其特征在于:先将高强度浆料的各原料在高速搅拌机中高速搅拌后进入密炼机进行首次密炼,得到高强度浆料;基材上PU浆料,然后与所述高强度浆料结合在密炼机中再次密炼,密炼后进入四滚压延机压延平整,最后进入发泡印花机进行发泡压花处理;其中所述高强度浆料的各原料及其重量份配比如下:
PVC树脂粉                100份
TPU 树脂                 1~5份
纳米复合材料              1~5份
环氧大豆油                10~40份
色饼                      2~20份
稳定剂和发泡剂            3~7份
重质碳酸钙                10~30份。
8.根据权利要求7所述的高强度植绒基材人造革的制备方法,其特征在于:高速搅拌时的温度为100~150℃;首次密炼温度为145~155℃;基材于140~160℃下上PU浆料;再次密炼时的温度为155~165℃;压延温度为160~190℃;发泡压花处理温度为160~180℃。
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