CN104884480A - 低粘度聚合物的制备 - Google Patents
低粘度聚合物的制备 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104884480A CN104884480A CN201380062914.4A CN201380062914A CN104884480A CN 104884480 A CN104884480 A CN 104884480A CN 201380062914 A CN201380062914 A CN 201380062914A CN 104884480 A CN104884480 A CN 104884480A
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 25
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- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- QTECDUFMBMSHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C=C QTECDUFMBMSHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVWRJUBEIPHGQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl n-propan-2-yloxycarbonyliminocarbamate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)N=NC(=O)OC(C)C VVWRJUBEIPHGQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XKXIQBVKMABYQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tert-butyl carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC([O-])=O XKXIQBVKMABYQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940095068 tetradecene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NCYNWQDLQJUTIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl but-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=CC NCYNWQDLQJUTIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制备聚合物组合物的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:a)制备一种反应混合物,其包含作为组分A)的烯键式不饱和单体或烯键式不饱和单体的混合物,和作为组分B)的1-链烯或1-链烯的混合物;b)将Co(II)配合物作为催化链转移剂添加到所述反应混合物中;c)加入自由基引发剂;和d)使所述反应混合物反应以获得所述聚合物组合物,其中添加到所述反应混合物中的自由基引发剂的总量为相对于组分A)和B)的总重量计的至少0.05重量%。本发明还涉及Co(II)配合物作为催化链转移剂用于包含烯键式不饱和单体或烯键式不饱和单体的混合物、自由基引发剂和1-链烯或1-链烯的混合物的反应混合物的聚合的用途,其中添加到所述反应混合物中的自由基引发剂的总量为相对于烯键式不饱和单体或烯键式不饱和单体的混合物和1-链烯或1-链烯的混合物的总重量计的至少0.05重量%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及制备基于极性和非极性结构单元的混合物的适合作为润滑剂的基础流体的低粘度聚合物的方法。该方法包括使1-链烯和烯键式不饱和单体的反应混合物在钴催化链转移剂存在下聚合。
本发明涉及润滑领域。润滑剂通常含有基础流体和变化量的添加剂。良好的润滑剂应该具有高沸点和低凝固点、高粘度指数、良好的热稳定性、低易腐蚀性和高抗氧化性。这些性质明显取决于所用添加剂。因此,需要可支持多种多样的添加剂的基础流体以改进润滑剂的综合性能。
背景技术
依据美国石油学会(American Petroleum Institute)(API),润滑剂基础流体细分成不同类别。第I至III类包括以它们的饱和度、硫含量和粘度指数区分的不同矿物油。第IV类包括聚α烯烃。第V类包括所有其它基础流体,包括环烷烃类,聚烷撑二醇油,和酯。润滑剂的基础流体尤其可以是具有3至100mm2/s,优选13至65mm2/s的根据ASTM D 445在40℃下测得的运动粘度的油。
术语“矿物油”通常是指衍生自原油馏分的油。第I至III类的矿物油因此被视为天然油。相反,第IV和V类的基础流体被视为合成基础流体。
合成基础流体越来越受关注并由于它们的更高氧化稳定性和化学稳定性、改进的粘度指数和降低的倾点而优于矿物油。此外,可在合成过程中系统地控制它们的性质以优化基础流体的结构-性质状况。由于它们由相对较纯的原材料合成,合成基础流体还含有较少的具有有害作用的不合意副产物。
聚α烯烃(PAO)是1-链烯(α烯烃),例如1-癸烯的聚合物。PAO在聚合物骨架的每隔一个碳原子上具有柔性烷基侧链。由于烷基侧链的大数量和高构象可变性,PAO不容易结晶或凝固并且甚至在低温下也仍为粘性液体。此外,PAO提供高氧化稳定性和化学稳定性并可通过成熟的合成方法制造。因此,PAO广泛用于发动机油、传动油、工业齿轮油和液压油应用。但是,PAO固有地是非极性的,因此与极性添加剂,如粘度改进剂不相容。
酯油是与PAO相比可具有优异的可溶性、添加剂相容性和粘度测量值的第V类基础流体。但是,酯油易水解,产生具有更高的引发腐蚀的潜力的流体。
基于极性和非极性结构单元,如甲基丙烯酸和α烯烃的混合物的聚合物有可能兼具PAO和酯油的益处。甲基丙烯酸酯组分可以为该聚合物提供极性,而α烯烃组分可能有助于保持与普通矿物油和非极性合成油的混溶性。
Gosh等人已经证实由甲基丙烯酸异癸酯和1-癸烯合成高分子量聚合物(P.Gosh等人,Indian Journal of Chemical Technology,1998,第5卷,第371-375页)。这些聚合物使用标准自由基引发剂(例如AIBN)和溶剂将最多13%的1-癸烯引入骨架中。该聚合物经表明在以低浓度用作发动机油的添加剂时适合作为粘度改进剂。但是,由于这些聚合物具有高分子量和高粘度,它们在机械剪切时容易发生显著的粘度损失。因此,它们的高粘度阻止它们用作溶解其它粘度改进剂的基础流体。此外,由于这些聚合物以低浓度使用,它们不提供调节制剂中的流体极性的能力。
US 5,691,284公开了由(甲基)丙烯酸酯和α烯烃合成聚合物。但是,US 5,691,284中公开的方法没有得到根据ASTM D 445在100℃下的运动粘度低于25mm2/s的聚合物。考虑到需要低粘度基础流体作为发动机油以实现燃烧发动机中的高燃料效率的事实,需要更低的粘度。此外,US 5,691,284中公开的低粘度聚合物的合成需要至少4%的自由基引发剂。这样高量的自由基引发剂导致潜在腐蚀性的副产物的 高浓度。另一不利之处是需要大量烯烃以实现低粘度。如此大量引入α烯烃抵消了获得可通过引入不同的(甲基)丙烯酸酯调节其极性的流体的益处。最后,由于(甲基)丙烯酸酯和α烯烃的不同反应性,需要长反应时间。这导致在标准制造工艺内生成基础流体的方法不切实际。
催化链转移(CCT)是涉及将催化链转移剂添加到自由基聚合反应中以实现对所得聚合物的长度的更高控制的方法。已知可以使用钴卟啉作为甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合中的催化链转移剂以降低所得聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的分子量(N.S.Enikolopyan等人,Journal of Polymer Science:Polymer Chemistry Edition,1981,第19卷,第879-889页)。
US 2009/0012231A1公开了通过(甲基)丙烯酸系单体的钴催化的链转移自由基聚合合成的大分子单体。其进一步公开了由所述大分子单体与单体或低聚胺的反应制备颜料分散体。但是,US 2009/0012231A1不涉及低粘度聚合物的合成。
US 4,680,352公开了不同的Co(II)螯合物作为催化链转移剂用于控制自由基聚合法中制成的均聚物和共聚物的分子量的用途。特别地,US 4,680,352涉及(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体和苯乙烯单体的聚合。
为了降低润滑油组合物的运动粘度,本领域中公知的标准方法在于在基础油中稀释粘度改进剂。
DE 10314776A1涉及具有润滑油和至少一种具有减摩擦性质的添加剂的润滑油组合物。通过单体组合物的ATRP聚合制备这种粘度改进剂,其中催化剂包含至少一种过渡金属,以使该过渡金属化合物可以与引发剂或具有可转移的原子团的聚合物链形成氧化还原循环。如DE 10314776A1中所述,在这些循环中,可转移的原子团和催化剂可逆地形成键,且过渡金属的氧化态被提高或降低。提到钴作为可能的过渡金属。将根据DE 10314776A1中公开的方法制备的不同VI改进剂溶解在链烷烃基础油中以降低/调节它们的运动粘度。
在WO 01/40333A1中也描述了基于ATRP聚合(过渡金属调控的活性自由基聚合)的类似的聚合方法。通过ATRP法制备梯度共聚物,其中借助式Y-(X)m的引发剂使单体聚合,其中Y代表核(case) 分子(推测由其形成自由基),X代表可转移的原子。指出过渡金属化合物在配体存在下加成到可转移的原子团上促进了该聚合方法,产生具有窄分子量分布的聚合物。提到钴作为可能的过渡金属,尽管常用的过渡金属是铜。所得聚合物随后用第I类或第II类矿物油稀释以降低它们的运动粘度。
WO 2010/043503公开了通过接触包含聚(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物的液压流体来降低液压系统中的噪音的方法。如WO 2010/043503中所示,为了实现规定的ISO粘度等级,将具有低粘度等级的基础油料与聚(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物混合,所述基础油料是矿物油和/或合成油。
WO 2012/076676A1涉及包含聚(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物的VI改进剂,其中在第III类矿物油中稀释后得到不同VI改进剂的粘度测量法测定的值。
WO 2008/058774涉及控制功能流体的品质的方法,其中将金属化合物作为标记物添加到功能流体中以在混合物中检测该功能流体。如WO 2008/058774中所示,该金属化合物-其可以是钴-不应对功能流体或对使用该功能流体的设备硬件具有有害影响。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供由烯键式不饱和单体,优选(甲基)丙烯酸酯制备低粘度聚合物的改进的方法。制成的聚合物优选应具有小于25mm2/s的根据ASTM D 445在100℃下测得的运动粘度。此外,该方法应需要低量的自由基引发剂并应该能通过(甲基)丙烯酸酯侧链官能度按需调节该聚合物的极性。另外,该聚合物应具有优异的粘度指数和与现有技术状况的基础流体比较时相当的挥发性。本发明还旨在提供在短反应时间和最少的副产物下制备所述聚合物的方法。
在本发明的上下文中,术语“(甲基)丙烯酸”是指丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸,或丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的混合物。相应地,术语“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”是指丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯,或丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯的混合 物。
第一方面,本发明涉及一种制备具有小于25mm2/s的根据ASTM D 445在100℃下测得的运动粘度的聚合物组合物的方法。这种方法包括以下步骤:
a)制备一种反应混合物,其包含
作为组分A)的烯键式不饱和单体或烯键式不饱和单体的混合物和
作为组分B)的1-链烯或1-链烯的混合物;
b)将Co(II)配合物作为催化链转移剂添加到所述反应混合物中;
c)加入自由基引发剂;和
d)使所述反应混合物反应以获得所述聚合物组合物,
其中添加到所述反应混合物中的自由基引发剂的总量为相对于组分A)和B)的总重量计的至少0.05重量%。
任选地,该方法进一步包括在步骤d)后的蒸馏出残留1-链烯的附加步骤。
该方法基于催化链转移(CCT)法,这意味着其涉及将催化链转移剂添加到自由基聚合反应中。
已经发现,借助本发明的方法,可以制备具有小于25mm2/s,优选小于20mm2/s,更优选小于15mm2/s的根据ASTM D 445在100℃下测得的运动粘度的聚合物。
步骤a)中制成的反应混合物优选包含相对于组分A)和B)的总重量计的至少50重量%的组分A)。步骤a)中制成的反应混合物还优选包含相对于组分A)和B)的总重量计的至少10重量%的组分B)。最优选,步骤a)中制成的反应混合物包含相对于组分A)和B)的总重量计的50至90重量%的组分A)和10至50重量%的组分B)。
在一个优选实施方案中,组分A)由根据式(I)的化合物或根据式(I)的化合物的混合物组成
其中R1和R2独立地代表氢原子或式–COOR5的基团,R3代表氢原子或甲基,R4代表C1至C30烷基、C2至C30烯基、C2至C30炔基或C3至C30环烷基,且R5代表氢原子或C1至C30烷基、C2至C30烯基或C2至C30炔基。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,R1和R2代表氢原子,R3代表氢原子或甲基,且R4代表C1至C30烷基,优选C6至C15烷基,再更优选C10至C15烷基,最优选C12烷基。
在本发明的上下文中,这些优选化合物也被称作“Cn(甲基)丙烯酸的酯”或“Cn(甲基)丙烯酸酯”,是指其中R1和R2代表氢原子、R3代表氢原子或甲基且R4代表Cn烷基的根据式(I)的化合物。
在另一优选实施方案中,组分A)包含C1至C30(甲基)丙烯酸酯的混合物,更优选C10至C15(甲基)丙烯酸酯的混合物。在本发明的上下文中,术语“Cn至Cm(甲基)丙烯酸的酯的混合物”或“Cn至Cm(甲基)丙烯酸酯的混合物”是指其中R1和R2代表氢原子、R3代表氢原子或甲基且R4代表不同的Cn至Cm烷基的根据式(I)的化合物的混合物。
在另一优选实施方案中,组分A)是一种混合物,其包含
作为组分A1)的根据式(II)的化合物或根据式(II)的化合物的混合物
其中R6和R7独立地代表氢原子或式–COOR10的基团,R8代表氢原子或甲基,R9代表C1至C5烷基、C2至C5烯基、C2至C5炔基或C3至C5环烷基,且R10代表氢原子或C1至C5烷基、C2至C5烯基或C2至C5炔基;
作为组分A2)的根据式(III)的化合物或根据式(III)的化合物的混合物
其中R11和R12独立地代表氢原子或式–COOR15的基团,R13代表氢原子或甲基,R14代表C6至C15烷基、烯基或炔基或C6至C15环烷基,且R15代表氢原子或C6至C15烷基、烯基或炔基;和
作为组分A3)的根据式(IV)的化合物或根据式(IV)的化合物的混合物
其中R16和R17独立地代表氢原子或式–COOR20的基团,R18代表氢原子或甲基,R19代表C16至C30烷基、烯基或炔基或C16至C30环烷基,且R20代表氢原子或C16至C30烷基、烯基或炔基。
优选地,组分A)是一种混合物,其包含
相对于组分A)的总重量计的0至15重量%的组分A1),
相对于组分A)的总重量计的50至100重量%的组分A2),和
相对于组分A)的总重量计的0至50重量%的组分A3),
其中组分A1)至A3)的量合计为相对于组分A)的总重量计的100重量%。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,组分A1)由C1至C5(甲基)丙烯酸酯的混合物组成,组分A2)由C6至C15(甲基)丙烯酸酯的混合物组成,且组分A3)由C16至C30(甲基)丙烯酸酯的混合物组成。
根据式(I)的化合物可基于它们的线性度表征。在本发明的上下文中,术语“线性度”是指相对于根据式(I)的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的总重量计,具有直链烷基、烯基或炔基作为取代基R4的根据式(I)的(甲基)丙烯酸 酯的量。已经发现,如果R4代表直链烷基、烯基或炔基,则可以进一步降低该聚合物组合物的粘度。因此,在一个优选实施方案中,相对于组分A)的总重量计的至少30重量%,更优选至少70重量%,最优选100重量%的根据式(I)的化合物具有直链烷基、烯基或炔基作为取代基R4。这相应地同样适用于取代基R9、R14和R19。
一般而言式(I),特别是式(II)的化合物的非限制性实例包括(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸叔丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸戊酯、(甲基)丙烯酸环戊酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-丙炔(proynyl)酯、(甲基)丙烯酸烯丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙烯酯、二甲基富马酸酯和马来酸酯。
一般而言式(I),特别是式(III)的化合物的非限制性实例包括(甲基)丙烯酸己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸庚酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-叔丁基庚酯、(甲基)丙烯酸辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3-异丙基-庚酯、(甲基)丙烯酸壬酯、(甲基)丙烯酸癸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十一烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸5-甲基十一烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十二烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-甲基十二烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十三烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸5-甲基十三烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十四烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十五烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸油基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3-乙烯基环己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸环己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸冰片酯和相应的富马酸酯和马来酸酯。
一般而言式(I),特别是式(IV)的化合物的非限制性实例包括(甲基)丙烯酸十六烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-甲基十六烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十七烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸5-异丙基十七烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-叔丁基十八烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸5-乙基十八烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3-异丙基十八烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十八烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十九烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二十烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十六烷基二十烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十八烷基二十烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二十二烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二十烷基三十四烷基酯、2,4,5-三-叔丁基-3-乙烯基-环己基-(甲基)丙烯酸酯、2,3,4,5-四-叔丁基环己基-(甲基)丙烯酸酯和相应的富马酸酯和马来酸酯。
在一个优选实施方案中,组分B)是式(V)的化合物或式(V)的化合物的混合物
其中R21是C2至C32烷基。
R21优选是C6至C20烷基,更优选C6至C12烷基,最优选C8烷基。
式(V)的化合物的非限制性实例包括1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯、1-壬烯、1-癸烯、1-十一碳烯、1-十二碳烯、1-十三碳烯、1-十四碳烯、1-十五碳烯、1-十六碳烯、1-十七碳烯、1-十八碳烯、1-十九碳烯、1-二十碳烯、1-二十一碳烯、1-二十二碳烯、1-二十三碳烯、1-二十四碳烯、1-二十五碳烯、1-二十六碳烯、1-二十七碳烯、1-二十八碳烯、1-二十九碳烯、1-三十碳烯、1-三十一碳烯、1-三十二碳烯。
步骤a)中制成的反应混合物可另外包含溶剂。该溶剂可根据所用单体的极性选择。合适的溶剂包括例如芳烃,例如苯、甲苯和二甲苯;醚,例如四氢呋喃、二乙醚、乙二醇和聚乙二醇单烷基醚和二烷基醚;乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的烷基酯;混合酯-醚,例如乙二醇的单烷基醚-单链烷酸酯;酮,例如丙酮、丁酮、戊酮和己酮;醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇和丁醇。也可以使用油,例如加氢裂化油、石油、聚α烯烃、酯或本发明的聚合物。
本发明的方法中所用的Co(II)配合物充当催化链转移剂。通过使用钴基催化链转移剂,已经令人惊讶地发现,可以制造粘度极低的聚合物组合物。为了实现小于25mm2/s的根据ASTM D 445在100℃下的运动粘度,以Co(II)配合物的形式添加到反应混合物中的Co(II)的量优选为相对于组分A)和B)的总重量计的30至500重量ppm,更优选30至100重量ppm,最优选50至100重量ppm。
本发明的Co(II)配合物的合适实例包括包含Co(II)和根据式(VI)至(XI)的配体中的至少一种配体的配合物
其中各R22独立地代表苯基或C1至C12烷基,或相邻碳原子上的两个R22一起代表C5至C8亚烷基;各R23独立地代表氢原子或C1至 C12烷基;各R24独立地代表羟基或氨基;各R25独立地代表氢原子、C1至C12烷基、苯基、羟基苯基或C1至C4烷氧基苯基;且各n代表整数2或3。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,Co(II)配合物包含Co(II)和式(XI)的配体。更优选Co(II)配合物是5,10,15,20-四苯基-卟吩Co(II)。
本发明的方法中所用的自由基引发剂可以是适用于自由基聚合反应的任何自由基引发剂。此类自由基引发剂是本领域中公知的。偶氮化合物是特别优选的自由基引发剂。
添加到反应混合物中的自由基引发剂的总量为相对于组分A)和B)的总重量计的至少0.05重量%,优选为相对于组分A)和B)的总重量计的0.1至3.5重量%。已经令人惊讶地发现,通过改变引发剂的量,可以制造具有不同粘度和不同倾点的聚合物组合物。为了实现特别低的粘度,添加到反应混合物中的引发剂的总量优选为相对于组分A)和B)的总重量计的0.5至1.75重量%。
自由基引发剂可以逐步添加到反应混合物中以确保自由基引发剂在长聚合时间期间不太快耗尽。例如,将第一剂量的自由基引发剂添加到反应混合物中以引发聚合反应,然后使该反应进行一定时间,然后加入另一剂量引发剂,以此类推。但是,所有步骤中添加的总量不应超过上文提到的自由基引发剂的优选总量。不同剂量的自由基引发剂的添加之间的时间间隔可以为10分钟至5小时,优选30至60分钟。
合适的自由基引发剂的实例包括偶氮化合物,如偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)、2,2′-偶氮双(2-甲基丁腈)、2-(2-氰基丁-2-基二氮烯基)-2-甲基丁腈和1,1-偶氮双环己烷甲腈;过氧化合物,如过氧化甲乙酮、过氧化乙酰丙酮、过氧化二月桂酰、过-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯、酮过氧化物、过辛酸叔丁酯、过氧化甲基异丁基酮、过氧化环己酮、过氧化二苯甲酰、过氧苯甲酸叔丁酯、过氧异丙基碳酸叔丁酯、2,5-双(2-乙基己酰基过氧基)-2,5-二甲基己烷、过氧-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯、过氧-3,5,5-三甲基己酸叔丁酯、过氧化二异丙苯、1,1-双(叔丁基过氧基)环己烷、1,1-双(叔丁基过氧基)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷、氢过氧化异丙苯、氢过氧 化叔丁基和过氧二碳酸双(4-叔丁基环己酯);和上述化合物的混合物。
该反应混合物可以在步骤d)中在标准环境压力、减压或升高的压力下反应。反应温度可以为-20℃至200℃,优选50℃至160℃,更优选80℃至160℃。
在一个优选实施方案中,步骤c)中的自由基引发剂的添加和步骤d)中的反应在惰性气氛中进行以防止自由基引发剂降解。优选使用氮气作为惰性气体。
可以在步骤d)中使该反应进行最多12小时,优选10分钟至12小时,更优选1至6小时。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方案中,该方法包括以下步骤:
a)制备由相对于组分A)和B)的总重量计的50至90重量%的组分A)和10至50重量%的组分B)组成的反应混合物;
b)以包含Co(II)和根据式(XI)的配体的配合物形式,以相对于组分A)和B)的总重量计的30重量ppm至100重量ppm Co(II)的浓度加入Co(II);
c)逐步加入相对于组分A)和B)的总重量计的0.1至3.5重量%的自由基引发剂;和
d)使所述反应混合物在80℃至160℃的温度下反应1至6小时,
其中组分A)是由下列组分组成的混合物
作为组分A1)的相对于组分A)的总重量计的0至15重量%的C1至C5(甲基)丙烯酸酯或C1至C5(甲基)丙烯酸酯的混合物,
作为组分A2)的相对于组分A)的总重量计的50至100重量%的C6至C15(甲基)丙烯酸酯或C6至C15(甲基)丙烯酸酯的混合物,和
作为组分A3)的相对于组分A)的总重量计的0至50重量%的C16至C30(甲基)丙烯酸酯或C16至C30(甲基)丙烯酸酯的混合物;
且其中组分B)是根据式(V)的化合物或根据式(V)的化合物的混合物,其中R21是C6至C12烷基。
第二方面,本发明涉及通过如上定义的方法获得的聚合物组合物。已经发现,借助本发明的方法,可以制备具有小于25mm2/s的根据 ASTM D 445在100℃下测得的运动粘度的聚合物。这一结果是甚至更令人惊讶的,因为已经观察到,通过使用钴(II)作为催化链转移剂但不存在1-链烯组分的CCT聚合制成的聚合物的运动粘度值即使在提高钴催化链转移剂的量时也快速达到平台并且无法达到根据ASTM D445在100℃下比40mm2/s低的运动粘度值(见下表1和表1续中的实施例6至9)。相反,结合了在1-链烯组分存在下使用钴(II)作为催化链转移剂的CCT聚合的本发明的方法令人惊讶地能够制备具有特殊性质,即小于25mm2/s的根据ASTM D 445在100℃下测得的运动粘度的聚合物组合物(表1中的实施例2至5)。
第三方面,本发明涉及通过所要求保护的方法获得的聚合物组合物作为润滑剂基础流体用于润滑剂的用途。
第四方面,本发明涉及包含通过所要求保护的方法获得的聚合物组合物的润滑剂基础流体。
第五方面,本发明涉及Co(II)配合物作为催化链转移剂用于包含烯键式不饱和单体或烯键式不饱和单体的混合物、自由基引发剂和1-链烯或1-链烯的混合物的反应混合物的聚合的用途,其中添加到所述反应混合物中的自由基引发剂的总量为相对于烯键式不饱和单体或烯键式不饱和单体的混合物和1-链烯或1-链烯的混合物的总重量计的至少0.05重量%。烯键式不饱和单体和1-链烯对应于如上所述的组分A)和B)。Co(II)配合物和自由基引发剂可以是上述任何Co(II)配合物和自由基引发剂。根据本发明的第五方面,可以使用该Co(II)配合物作为催化链转移剂以制备极低粘度聚合物。
该聚合物组合物制备方法是制备如上所述的聚合物组合物的方法。用作催化剂的Co(II)配合物是如上所述的Co(II)配合物。
具体实施方式
实施例
在下列实施例中,甲基丙烯酸异癸酯(IDMA)是由98.7重量%C10甲基丙烯酸酯、0.8重量%C12甲基丙烯酸酯和0.5重量%C14甲基丙 烯酸酯组成的混合物。IDMA的线性度为大约0%。
得自125醇的甲基丙烯酸酯(LIMA)是由24.3重量%C12甲基丙烯酸酯、29.4重量%C13甲基丙烯酸酯、28.4重量%C14甲基丙烯酸酯和17.9重量%C15甲基丙烯酸酯组成的混合物。LIMA的线性度为大约40%。
甲基丙烯酸月桂酯(LMA)是由72.2重量%C12甲基丙烯酸酯和27.8重量%C14甲基丙烯酸酯组成的混合物。LIAL的线性度为大约100%。
实施例1(对比例)
实施例1等于如US 5,691,284中公开的实施例1并且如下制备:
在反应容器中将141克1-癸烯加热至160℃。经4小时送入113克IDMA和135克LIMA的混合物。在进料结束时,使该批料聚合另外12小时。在16小时的整个反应时间期间(除最后一个小时外),以30分钟为间隔加入过氧化二叔丁基(在此为30份,总量为相对于1-癸烯和甲基丙烯酸酯单体的总重量计的2.8重量%)。
实施例2
将109克1-癸烯、87克IDMA和104克LIMA装入500毫升四颈圆底烧瓶。然后将0.225克5,10,15,20-四苯基卟吩钴(II)添加到烧瓶中。使用顶置搅拌器混合烧瓶内容物,用氮气惰性化,并加热至140℃。一旦该混合物达到温度且钴催化剂看起来溶解,就使用注射器经由橡胶隔片将包含50重量%2,2-双-叔丁基-过氧丁烷的2.8克引发剂溶液添加到烧瓶中。使该反应进行30分钟。间隔30分钟另外五次注射加入2.8克引发剂溶液。
对所得聚合物通过气相色谱法测量残留单体以确保单体完全转化。
通过在100℃和小于15mm Hg压力下的旋转蒸发除去残留量的未反应1-癸烯。
实施例3
将109克1-癸烯、87克IDMA和104克LIMA装入500毫升四颈圆底烧瓶。然后将0.225克5,10,15,20-四苯基卟吩钴(II)添加到烧瓶中。使用顶置搅拌器混合烧瓶内容物,用氮气惰性化,并加热至140℃。一旦该混合物达到温度且钴催化剂看起来溶解,使用注射器经由橡胶隔片将包含50重量%2,2-双-叔-过氧丁烷的1.1克引发剂溶液添加到烧瓶中。使该反应进行30分钟。间隔30分钟另外五次注射加入1.1克引发剂溶液。
对所得聚合物通过气相色谱法测量残留单体以确保单体完全转化。
通过在100℃和小于15mm Hg压力下的旋转蒸发除去残留量的未反应1-癸烯。
实施例4
将90克1-癸烯和210克LMA装入500毫升四颈圆底烧瓶。然后将0.225克5,10,15,20-四苯基卟吩钴(II)添加到烧瓶中。使用顶置搅拌器混合烧瓶内容物,用氮气惰性化,并加热至140℃。一旦该混合物达到温度且钴催化剂看起来溶解,就使用注射器经由橡胶隔片将包含50重量%2,2-双-叔丁基-过氧丁烷的1.1克引发剂溶液添加到烧瓶中。使该反应进行30分钟。间隔30分钟另外五次注射加入1.1克引发剂溶液。
对所得聚合物通过气相色谱法测量残留单体以确保单体完全转化。
通过在100℃和小于15mm Hg压力下的旋转蒸发除去残留量的未反应1-癸烯。
实施例5
将90克1-癸烯和210克LMA装入500毫升四颈圆底烧瓶。然后 将0.225克5,10,15,20-四苯基卟吩钴(II)添加到烧瓶中。使用顶置搅拌器混合烧瓶内容物,用氮气惰性化,并加热至140℃。一旦该混合物达到温度且钴催化剂看起来溶解,就使用注射器经由橡胶隔片将包含50重量%2,2-双-叔丁基-过氧丁烷的1.1克引发剂溶液添加到烧瓶中。使该反应进行30分钟。间隔30分钟另外五次注射加入1.1克引发剂溶液。
对所得聚合物通过气相色谱法测量残留单体以确保单体完全转化。
通过在100℃和小于15mm Hg压力下的旋转蒸发除去残留量的未反应1-癸烯。
对比例6
将250克LMA装入500毫升四颈圆底烧瓶。然后将0.188克5,10,15,20-四苯基卟吩钴(II)添加到烧瓶中。使用顶置搅拌器混合烧瓶内容物,用氮气惰性化,并加热至90℃。一旦该混合物达到温度且钴催化剂看起来溶解,就使用注射器经由橡胶隔片将在二异丁基酮中包含25重量%2-(2-氰基丁-2-基二氮烯基)-2-甲基丁腈(Vazo67)的1克引发剂溶液添加到烧瓶中。使该反应进行60分钟。间隔60分钟另外两次注射加入1克引发剂溶液。在最后一次加入引发剂后,使该反应保持1小时。
粘度、分子量和声波剪切稳定性的测量
根据ASTM D 445测量该聚合物的运动粘度。通过使用聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)标样校准的凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)测量聚合物分子量。根据ASTM D 5621测定声波剪切稳定性。根据ASTM D 6749测定倾点。根据ASTM D 2270测定粘度指数。
实施例2至5证实,对于甲基丙烯酸酯和1-链烯单体的聚合使用钴基催化链转移剂得到具有小于25mm2/s的根据ASTM D 445在100℃下测得的运动粘度的聚合物(表1)。对比例1证实,不用钴基 链转移剂无法实现这一点。使用本发明的方法时的另外有益特征是1-癸烯的更高的减粘效率,以致与对比例1相比在实施例5中只需要一半的1-癸烯加料量。这些特征证实本发明的方法能用于实现制备具有较低粘度和高甲基丙烯酸酯/1-链烯比的聚合物。
分子量数据表明,实施例2至5的极低分子量的甲基丙烯酸酯-癸烯聚合物具有大约5的聚合度,而之前的无α-烯烃共聚单体的甲基丙烯酸月桂酯的钴基催化链转移聚合表现出大约9的平均聚合度。实施例4和对比例6的直接比较显示在钴基催化链转移剂的存在下引入1-癸烯对聚合物Mw(从4400g/mol到1800g/mol)和在100℃下的产物粘度(从40mm2/s到9mm2/s)的影响。确实观察到,通过使用钴(II)作为催化链转移剂但不存在1-链烯组分的CCT聚合制成的聚合物的运动粘度值即使在提高钴催化链转移剂的量时也快速达到平台并且无法达到根据ASTM D 445在100℃下比40mm2/s低的运动粘度值(见下表1和表1续中的实施例6至9)。在Smirnov等人的出版物,Polym.Sci.1981,A23,1158中也观察到和评论了钴催化转移剂的所述递减的活性。
相反,结合了在1-链烯组分存在下使用钴(II)作为催化链转移剂的CCT聚合的本发明的方法令人惊讶地能够实现制备具有特殊性质,即小于25mm2/s的根据ASTM D 445在100℃下测得的运动粘度的聚合物组合物(表1中的实施例2至5)。
实施例2和3的直接比较表明,自由基引发剂的量的降低得到更低的产物聚合物粘度。这与在自由基聚合中通常观察到的情况相反,其中聚合引发剂的减少通常导致更高的粘度。这一效果有益于帮助降低可能存在于产物聚合物中的引发剂副产物的总量。实施例2和3还表明,自由基引发剂的量的降低使得产物聚合物的倾点降低。
如实施例2至5的不同倾点所指示的那样,也可以通过改变单体混合物的组成,特别是通过改变1-链烯的量来调节倾点。
表1:实施例1至6的粘度测定数据。给出的量相对于1-癸烯和甲基丙烯酸酯单体的总和的总重量计。
实施例 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
1-癸烯[重量%] | 36 | 36 | 36 | 30 | 30 | 0 |
C10甲基丙烯酸酯[重量%] | 29 | 29 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
C12甲基丙烯酸酯[重量%] | 9 | 9 | 9 | 51 | 51 | 72 |
C13甲基丙烯酸酯[重量%] | 10 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
C14甲基丙烯酸酯[重量%] | 10 | 10 | 10 | 19 | 19 | 28 |
C15甲基丙烯酸酯[重量%] | 6 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Co(II)[重量ppm] | 0 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 66 |
引发剂[重量%] | 2.8 | 2.8 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.3 |
Mw[kg/mol] | 4.0 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 4.4 |
在100℃下的运动粘度[mm2/s] | 45.1 | 19.6 | 11.6 | 9.07 | 9.10 | 40 |
在40℃下的运动粘度[mm2/s] | 489 | 176 | 84.1 | 54.5 | 52.7 | 437 |
粘度指数 | 146 | 128 | 129 | 147 | 154 | 140 |
倾点[℃] | -43.2 | -39 | -48 | -27 | -27 | ND |
表1续
实施例 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
1-癸烯[重量%] | 0 | 0 | 0 |
C10甲基丙烯酸酯[重量%] | 0 | 0 | 0 |
C12甲基丙烯酸酯[重量%] | 72 | 72 | 72 |
C13甲基丙烯酸酯[重量%] | 0 | 0 | 0 |
C14甲基丙烯酸酯[重量%] | 28 | 28 | 28 |
C15甲基丙烯酸酯[重量%] | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Co(II)[重量ppm] | 26 | 40 | 162 |
引发剂[重量%] | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Mw[kg/mol] | 10.6 | 6.2 | 4.4 |
在100℃下的运动粘度[mm2/s] | 192 | 75 | 40 |
在40℃下的运动粘度[mm2/s] | |||
粘度指数 | |||
倾点[℃] |
表2显示与实施例3和4相比较,两种市售第IV类聚α烯烃基 础油(10)和酯基流体(TM101)的性质。数据表明,实施例3和4提供比这些商品高的粘度指数并能够提供具有优异倾点的基础流体。
表2:商业基础流体与实施例3和4的比较。
Claims (12)
1.制备具有小于25mm2/s的根据ASTM D 445在100℃下测得的运动粘度的聚合物组合物的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)制备一种反应混合物,其包含
作为组分A)的烯键式不饱和单体或烯键式不饱和单体的混合物和
作为组分B)的1-链烯或1-链烯的混合物;
b)将Co(II)配合物作为催化链转移剂添加到所述反应混合物中;
c)加入自由基引发剂;和
d)使所述反应混合物反应以获得所述聚合物组合物,
其中添加到所述反应混合物中的自由基引发剂的总量为相对于组分A)和B)的总重量计的至少0.05重量%。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于组分A)是式(I)的化合物或式(I)的化合物的混合物
其中R1和R2独立地代表氢原子或式–COOR5的基团,R3代表氢原子或甲基,R4代表C1至C30烷基、C2至C30烯基、C2至C30炔基或C3至C30环烷基,且R5代表氢原子或C1至C30烷基、C2至C30烯基或C2至C30炔基。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于组分B)是式(V)的化合物或式(V)的化合物的混合物
其中R21是C2至C32烷基。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项的方法,其特征在于所述反应混合物包含相对于组分A)和B)的总重量计的至少50重量%的组分A)。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一项的方法,其特征在于反应混合物包含相对于组分A)和B)的总重量计的至少10重量%的组分B)。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一项的方法,其特征在于所述Co(II)配合物包含Co(II)和根据式(VI)至(XI)的配体中的至少一种配体
其中各R22独立地代表苯基或C1至C12烷基,或相邻碳原子上的两个R22一起代表C5至C8亚烷基;各R23独立地代表氢原子或C1至C12烷基;各R24独立地代表羟基或氨基;各R25独立地代表氢原子、C1至C12烷基、苯基、羟基苯基或C1至C4烷氧基苯基;且各n代表整数2或3。
7.根据权利要求1至6任一项的方法,其特征在于添加到所述反应混合物中的Co(II)的量为相对于组分A)和B)的总重量计的30至500重量ppm。
8.根据权利要求1至7任一项的方法,其特征在于添加到所述反应混合物中的自由基引发剂的总量为相对于组分A)和B)的总重量计的0.1至3.5重量%。
9.通过如权利要求1至8任一项中所述的方法获得的聚合物组合物。
10.权利要求9的聚合物组合物作为润滑剂基础流体用于润滑剂的用途。
11.包含权利要求9的聚合物组合物的润滑剂基础流体。
12.Co(II)配合物作为催化链转移剂用于包含烯键式不饱和单体或烯键式不饱和单体的混合物、自由基引发剂和1-链烯或1-链烯的混合物的反应混合物的聚合的用途,其中添加到所述反应混合物中的自由基引发剂的总量为相对于烯键式不饱和单体或烯键式不饱和单体的混合物和1-链烯或1-链烯的混合物的总重量计的至少0.05重量%。
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JP6746695B2 (ja) * | 2016-05-13 | 2020-08-26 | 株式会社日本触媒 | アクリル重合体及びその製法 |
EP4029910A1 (en) | 2021-01-19 | 2022-07-20 | Bridgestone Europe NV/SA | Self-healing rubber comprising a poly(methacrylic acid) oligomer |
EP4293076A1 (en) | 2022-06-17 | 2023-12-20 | Bridgestone Corporation | Self-healing rubber comprising a poly(glycerolmonomethacrylate) boronic ester complex |
JP7508663B2 (ja) | 2022-08-10 | 2024-07-01 | エボニック オペレーションズ ゲーエムベーハー | 潤滑剤における粘度指数向上剤としての硫黄フリーのポリアルキル(メタ)アクリレートコポリマー |
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- 2013-12-19 CA CA2896967A patent/CA2896967A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-12-19 US US14/439,804 patent/US9580529B2/en active Active
- 2013-12-19 RU RU2015132198A patent/RU2653538C2/ru active
- 2013-12-19 MX MX2015008309A patent/MX2015008309A/es unknown
- 2013-12-19 WO PCT/EP2013/077323 patent/WO2014106587A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-12-19 SG SG11201505024RA patent/SG11201505024RA/en unknown
- 2013-12-19 JP JP2015551159A patent/JP6448546B2/ja active Active
- 2013-12-19 KR KR1020157017630A patent/KR102049311B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-12-19 CN CN201380062914.4A patent/CN104884480B/zh active Active
- 2013-12-19 EP EP13818215.9A patent/EP2941444B1/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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RU2015132198A (ru) | 2017-02-09 |
CA2896967A1 (en) | 2014-07-10 |
BR112015012019A2 (pt) | 2017-07-11 |
WO2014106587A1 (en) | 2014-07-10 |
KR102049311B1 (ko) | 2019-11-28 |
EP2941444A1 (en) | 2015-11-11 |
JP6448546B2 (ja) | 2019-01-09 |
EP2941444B1 (en) | 2020-04-29 |
CN104884480B (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
JP2016504469A (ja) | 2016-02-12 |
KR20150104103A (ko) | 2015-09-14 |
MX2015008309A (es) | 2015-11-11 |
US9580529B2 (en) | 2017-02-28 |
US20150291717A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
SG11201505024RA (en) | 2015-07-30 |
RU2653538C2 (ru) | 2018-05-11 |
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