CN104871955B - Method for spraying field exogenous hormone for improving vigor of hybrid rice seeds - Google Patents
Method for spraying field exogenous hormone for improving vigor of hybrid rice seeds Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for spraying field exogenous hormone for improving the vigor of hybrid rice seeds. The method comprises the following five steps of firstly, planting parents and carrying out artificial supplementary pollination; secondly, preparing an exogenous hormone spraying agent; thirdly, determining the dosage of the spraying agent and the spraying area ratio; fourthly, determining the spraying date; and fifthly, spraying the exogenous hormone. When the method is used for carrying out exogenous hormone spraying treatment on female rice ears of hybrid rice at the grain filling stage, the vigor of the F1-generaiton seeds of the hybrid rice is effectively improved, and meanwhile the yield of the hybrid rice is also increased, so that grains are to be harvested in the next year. The method is simple and convenient, short in period, low in cost and rapid in taking effects and can also be used as a supplementary means for breed improvement to a certain extent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the processing method during a kind of crop seed production of hybrid seeds, is specifically advantageous for improving hybrid rice kind
Sub- vigor to field plant carries out the method that exogenous hormone is sprayed.
Background technology
The world the 1st of China Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area world rankings the 2nd, Zong Chan, is Rice Production big country；In China cereal crops
In, Oryza sativa L. accounts for the 35% of cultivated area, the 45% of total output, and row occupy the 1st, and China is first by hybrid rice large-area applications
In the country of production, hybrid rice accounts for national rice and makees more than the 51% of area, national Oryza glutinosa is always produced 58% is accounted for, to China's grain
Production plays very important effect.
Within the considerably long phase of history time, China excessively emphasizes the selection-breeding of improved seeds and ignores the life of high quality seed
Produce, greatly have impact on the performance of breeding effect.As external seeds company cracks the China market one after another, China is just gradually realized
To the importance of high quality seed production.High vigor seed is to obtain high yield, the important guarantee of stable yields, the table when field emergence is carried out
Now it is soon and neat.Seed vitality, as sowing material, the most important character of germ plasm resource, is the important finger examined the quality of seeds
Mark.The height of seed vitality governs the sprouting of seed and Emergence, and the growth and opposing for also directly affecting seedling is extraneous
The ability of poor environment, finally affecting the yield of crop.
It is reported that, hormone to the division of plant and growth, tissue and Organ Differentiation, bloom with it is solid, ripe with aging, stop
Sleep and sprout and the aspect such as excised cotyledon, regulate and control the growth of plant, development and break up etc. to have a significant impact, Rice Production
Also all it is widely used with the upper various hormones of research, for impact of the hormone to rice paddy seed, research is all concentrated at present to water
The impact of rice yield or after HORMONE TREATMENT research is to results seed vitality impact,《Agriculture in Jiangxi journal》2012,
24(2)：In " impact of the exogenous hormone built agent to early rice grain filling characteristics " text that 1-5, Zhang Wenxue etc. write, introduce
4 kinds of exogenous hormone built agents of foliage-spray (gibberellins, 6-BA, brassin combination) in early rice beginning ear period and neat fringe one week after,
Kernel grouting speed is improve, sucrose inversion, starch accumulation is promoted, setting percentage, circularity and yield is improve.Thus may be used
See, this article is only studied from the final angle for improving yield, is not directed to seed quality problem.The application is around hybridization water
Pustulation period during the rice production of hybrid seeds sprays to improve seed vitality, and the raising of promotion hybrid seed yield from a kind of exogenous hormone,
At home and abroad there is not been reported for this.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of field exogenous hormone spray of raising Seed Vigor of Hybrid Rice
Applying method.
Solve above-mentioned technical problem to adopt the following technical scheme that：
The field exogenous hormone spraying method of this raising Seed Vigor of Hybrid Rice is carried out as follows：
(1) parent's plantation and artificial supplementary pollination：The high-quality measured parental seed of purity is selected, is educated respectively after presoaking and germinating
Seedling, father, maternal certain row ratio of pressing are planted；Heading flowering period selects fair weather to carry out artificial supplementary pollination, and continuously pollinate 5-7
My god；
(2) preparation of exogenous hormone spray：
Using exogenous hormone aqueous solution as spray, its hormone is respectively with the mass volume ratio concentration of clean water：
1. gibberellin (GA3) agent concentration is sprayed for 0.025-25mg/L,
2. it is 10-20 μm of ol/L that heteroauxing (IAA) sprays agent concentration,
Two kinds of exogenous hormone sprays are chosen any one kind of them；
(3) consumption of spray and the determination for spraying area ratio：According to the amount that spray is actually sprayed in the area of experimental plot,
Extrapolate 667-1000L/ mus；
(4) determination on date is sprayed：The 5-20 days important periods for rice milking stage after artificial supplementary pollination, are that germ cell is sent out
Educate and to form embryo, fertilization polar core and develop into period of endosperm, be also the critical period for affecting seed vitality and hybrid seed yield, select people
Spray in 5-20 days after work supple-mentary pollination；
(5) spray：In 5-20 days after artificial supplementary pollination terminates, sunny calm or mild wind weather is selected, to female parent
Spike of rice uniformly sprays any one exogenous hormone in step (2).
The concentration of two kinds of sprays described in step (2) is respectively：
1. gibberellin 2.5mg/L, 2. 15 μm of ol/L of heteroauxing.
The consumption of every mu of spray described in step (3) is 833L.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：This method is simple to operate, be easy to grasp, and the cycle is extremely short, instant effect, and popularization and application are just
It is prompt.For example, test by contrast, spraying concentration is the GA of 2.5mg/L3Spring Hybrid Rice excellent 84 is processed, compared with the control, is sent out
Bud rate, germinating energy, germination index, vitality index and hybrid seed yield have been respectively increased 9.0%, 43.7%, 30.2%, 23.1%,
34.1%, it is seen that the raising of seed vitality and the effect of increasing production of current year's production seed are very notable.This method is also used as
One means of supplementing out economy application of genetic improvement method, greatly reduces to a certain extent production cost, not only can improve system
Yield is planted, what is more important improves seed quality, be that the good harvest of coming year grain is laid a solid foundation.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to embodiment：The field exogenous hormone of this raising Seed Vigor of Hybrid Rice is sprayed
Method is carried out as follows：
(1) parent's plantation and artificial supplementary pollination：The high-quality measured parental seed of purity is selected, is educated respectively after presoaking and germinating
Seedling, father, maternal certain row ratio of pressing are planted；Heading flowering period selects fair weather to carry out artificial supplementary pollination, and continuously pollinate 5-7
My god；
(2) preparation of exogenous hormone spray：
Using exogenous hormone aqueous solution as spray, its hormone is respectively with the mass volume ratio concentration of clean water：
1. gibberellin (GA3) agent concentration is sprayed for 0.025-25mg/L,
2. it is 10-20 μm of ol/L that heteroauxing (IAA) sprays agent concentration,
Two kinds of exogenous hormone sprays are chosen any one kind of them；
(3) consumption of spray and the determination for spraying area ratio：According to the amount that spray is actually sprayed in the area of experimental plot,
Extrapolate 667-1000L/ mus；
(4) determination on date is sprayed：The 5-20 days important periods for rice milking stage after artificial supplementary pollination, are that germ cell is sent out
Educate and to form embryo, fertilization polar core and develop into period of endosperm, be also the critical period for affecting seed vitality and hybrid seed yield, select people
Spray in 5-20 days after work supple-mentary pollination；
(5) spray：In 5-20 days after artificial supplementary pollination terminates, sunny calm or mild wind weather is selected, to female parent
Spike of rice uniformly sprays any one exogenous hormone in step (2).
The hybrid rice seeds are harvested for 30-50 days after artificial supplementary pollination, dry naturally or mechanical drying is to safety
Below moisture, preserve standby at 4 DEG C.
The concentration of two kinds of sprays described in step (2) is respectively：
1. gibberellin 2.5mg/L, 2. 15 μm of ol/L of heteroauxing.
The consumption of every mu of spray described in step (3) is 833L.
The applicant has done series of contrast, to confirm and confirm the feasibility of this method, is now described below：
1. foreword
The yield and quality of Oryza sativa L. are improved, seed quality is key factor, and one of decision seed quality is extremely important
Index be exactly seed vitality.Seed vitality is under extensive field condition, to determine that seed is neatly emerged rapidly and grown up to just
The general name of Chang Youmiao potential abilitys, be germination and emergence rate, regularity, the potentiality of growth of seedling, plant anti-adversity ability and
One aggregative indicator of productive potentialities etc..Therefore how seed vitality is improved by different approaches, is in field of biology not only
The problem highly inquired into, and be also of great practical significance in agricultural production.
Research and production practices show：GA3Consumption is controlled in 15.0～22.5g/hm2, and apply in cut phase or beginning ear period
Be conducive to improving mass of 1000 kernel, fringe bear fruit grains and the setting percentage of Oryza sativa L., shorten the time for fringe, and then improve yield, increase GA3's
Process can improve the regularity of Rice Panicle layer, but the former can affect the grouting of seed, reduce mass of 1000 kernel.The research table of Chang Erhua etc.
It is bright：Increases of the 6-BA mainly in grouting early stage to the speed and grain weight of kernel grouting plays a driving role, and is being in the milk the intermediary and later stages then
Act primarily as the effect for delaying seed aging and extending the pustulation period.The research of leaf aster etc. shows：IAA can improve the enzymatic activity of correlation,
The speed that source organ's photosynthesis synthesize assimilation quotient is improved, promotes Translocation of Assimilates, improve storage capacity activity, filled so as to strengthen seed
Slurry.It follows that external source applies IAA can improve kernel grouting situation.The research of Wang Feng etc. shows that ethylene is in rice milking stage process
In the promotion seed that primarily serves the purpose of terminate grouting, ripe.The research of Zhang Lijun etc. shows：In grouting early stage high IAA, GA and
ABA levels are advantageously possible for seed and are quickly in the milk, and the low ABA levels of early stage and the high ABA in later stage, low GA levels may be favourable
In prolongation pustulation period, the content of endogenous hormone and change during can changing Grain Filling of Rice by cross-breeding means in addition
Pattern.
According to the characteristic of two parahormones, hybrid rice is sprayed in the pustulation period using the exogenous hormone solution of variable concentrations maternal
Spike of rice, by determining that the optimum that can improve Seed Vigor of Hybrid Rice is dense based on the vigour-testing method of standard germination test
Degree, the foundation for producing key technology system for high vigor hybrid rice seeds provides scientific basis.
2. material and method
2.1 material
For trying hybrid rice variety II excellent 7954, Y two excellent 689, spring excellent 84 parent, industry is planted in Zhejiang agriculture section within 2013 limited
Company's Yuhang seed breeding base carries out hybrid seeding test.
2.2 method
2.2.1 hybrid rice field processing method
Gibberellin (GA3), heteroauxing (IAA) be analysis it is pure, molecular weight is respectively 346.37,175.19.According to two
The characteristic of hormone is planted, the exogenous hormone of variable concentrations is sprayed to different cultivars hybrid rice female parent spike of rice after artificial supplementary pollination,
To analyze impact of each exogenous hormone to Seed Vigor of Hybrid Rice and hybrid seed yield, concrete grammar is as follows：
(1) hormone concentration：
Experimental cultivar hormone spraying concentration
(2) compound method：
Test hormone：90% gibberellin GA3, 98%IAA.Due to being sprayed in field, it is configured to respectively for convenience of carrying
Times liquid of hormone, is diluted by upper table.
Weigh the GA of 0.28g3, plus after a small amount of distillation water dissolution, constant volume to 10mL is configured to the GA of 25mg/L3Spray
1000 times of solution.
The IAA of 0.894g, plus distillation water dissolution are weighed, constant volume to 1L is configured to 1000 times of the IAA sprays of 5 μm of ol/L
Liquid.
(3) area and consumption are sprayed：Test sets 3 repetitions, is arranged using random district's groups, each hormone spraying agent concentration examination
Area is tested for 1.0m × 0.6m, every 0.2m2Experimental plot sprays 200-300ml exogenous hormone sprays.
(4) time is sprayed：II excellent 7954, the excellent 84 female parent 15d after artificial supplementary pollination of Y two excellent 689, spring are sprayed.
(5) spraying method：
During spraying, sunny calm or mild wind weather is selected, a kind of exogenous hormone is uniformly sprayed to maternal spike of rice.
(6) harvest and be dried：
Harvest within 30-50 days after artificial supplementary pollination, dry naturally to the safe moisture of moisture content≤13% and preserved at 4 DEG C
It is standby.
2.2.2 hybrid seed yield is determined
After artificial threshing, the removal of impurity is gone using winnower, with one of percentage balance precise its hybrid seed yield is obtained.
2.2.3 standard germination is determined
100 seeds are randomly selected from each kind, 3 repetitions are carried out by GB/T 3543.4,20 DEG C of dark 16h, 30
Sprout under the conditions of DEG C illumination 8h.Count germinative number after emerging daily, 14d weighs 30 Seedling weights.Period notes the moisturizing of paper bed,
Prevent because arid causes error in data.
A. germination percentage：14d germinative numbers account for the percentage ratio of the total grain number of seed；
B. germinating energy：5d germinative numbers account for the hundred of seed grain number before rice paddy seed starts within germination peak period i.e. from germinateing
Divide ratio, its numerical value is bigger, and germinating energy is stronger；
C. germination index (GI):GI=∑ Gt/Dt Gt：Seed number Dt germinateed daily：Corresponding germination number of days；
D. Average Germination Days (MGT)：MGT=∑ Gt*Dt/ ∑ Gt；
E. vitality index (VI)：VI=GI × S, S：Seedling weight in regular period.
2.2.4 data processing
The same hormone variable concentrations of comparison are to different hybrid rice variety seed vitalities, the impact of hybrid seed yield and different
Hormone variable concentrations are to same rice varieties seed vitality, the impact of hybrid seed yield.Using SPSS softwares and Excel software processes
All data of this experiment.
3. result and analysis
3.1 fields spray impact of the different exogenous hormones to Seed Vigor of Hybrid Rice
3.1.1 field sprays exogenous hormone GA3Impact to Seed Vigor of Hybrid Rice
From table 1 below as can be seen that exogenous hormone GA3Spraying concentration in the range of 0.025～25mg/L to three kinds
The germination percentage of hybrid rice seeds, germinating energy, germination index and vitality index have an impact.For excellent to II 7954, each vigor
It is 0.025mg/L that what index was improved compared with the control sprays agent concentration, is its optium concentration, now its germination percentage, germination
Gesture, germination index, vitality index have been respectively increased compared with the control 9.9%, 10.4%, 9.8%, 14.0%.To Y two excellent 689
For, what each Motility Index was improved compared with the control spray, and agent concentration is 2.5mg/L, is its optium concentration, now its
Bud rate, germinating energy, germination index, vitality index have been respectively increased compared with the control 8.8%, 9.0%, 11.9%, 22.4%.It is right
For spring excellent 84, what each Motility Index was improved compared with the control spray agent concentration is respectively 2.5mg/L, 25mg/L；Most preferably
It is 2.5mg/L to spray agent concentration, sprays the exogenous hormone GA of 2.5mg/L3, its germination percentage, germinating energy, germination index, vigor refer to
Number has been respectively increased compared with the control 9.0%, 43.7%, 30.2%, 23.1%, and wherein germinating energy has compared with the control significance difference
It is different.The identical lowercase letter of same row difference in the levels of p ＜ 0.05 is not notable in table 1.
The field of table 1 sprays GA3To hybrid rice II excellent 7954, Y two excellent 689, spring excellent 84 seed vitality impact
3.1.2 field sprays impacts of the exogenous hormone IAA to Seed Vigor of Hybrid Rice
As shown in Table 2, germination percentage of the concentration of exogenous hormone IAA in the range of 5～20 μm of ol/L to three kinds of hybrid rice,
Germinating energy, germination index, vitality index have an impact.For excellent to II 7954, each Motility Index is improved compared with the control
Spray agent concentration for 15 μm of ol/L, be its optium concentration, now its germination percentage, germinating energy, germination index, vitality index with it is right
Photograph ratio has been respectively increased 5.0%, 8.0%, 8.3%, 4.3%.For Y two excellent 689, each Motility Index is equal compared with the control
The agent concentration that sprays being improved is respectively 15 μm of ol/L, 20 μm of ol/L；Optimal spraying concentration is 15 μm of ol/L, and spraying concentration is 15
The exogenous hormone IAA of μm ol/L, its germination percentage, germinating energy, germination index, vitality index are respectively increased compared with the control
4.1%th, 6.4%, 12.8%, 15%, wherein germination index reaches significant level with contrast difference.For excellent to the spring 84, each work
It is 20 μm of ol/L that what power index was improved compared with the control sprays agent concentration, is its optium concentration, now its germination percentage, germination
Gesture, germination index, vitality index have been respectively increased compared with the control 4.0%, 19.9%, 20.9%, 17.8%.It is same in table 2
Arrange identical lowercase letter difference in the levels of p ＜ 0.05 not notable.
The field of table 2 spray IAA to hybrid rice II excellent 7954, Y two excellent 689, spring excellent 84 seed vitality impact
3.2 fields spray impact of the different exogenous hormones to breeding of hybrid rice yield
3.2.1 field sprays the impact of different exogenous hormones 7954 hybrid seed yield excellent to hybrid rice II
Spray exogenous hormone GA3, IAA 7954 hybrid seed yields excellent to hybrid rice II have an impact.Spraying concentration is
The exogenous hormone GA of 0.025mg/L, 0.25mg/L, 2.5mg/L, 25mg/L3, test area is 0.2m2Cell hybrid seed yield,
68.22g, 70.19g, 46.12g, 50.28g are increased to respectively by control 36.69g, volume increase 25.7%～91.3%, when spray it is dense
Spend for 0.025mg/L when, volume increase 85.9% is relatively low to spray the existing considerable volume increase of agent concentration；Spraying concentration be 5 μm of ol/L,
The exogenous hormone IAA of 10 μm of ol/L, 15 μm of ol/L, test area is 0.2m2Cell hybrid seed yield, by control 36.69g difference
46.69g, 41.58g, 51.99g are increased to, increase production 13.3%～41.7%, spraying concentration is the exogenous hormone IAA of 20 μm of ol/L,
II excellent 7954 hybrid seed yield with compare no significant difference.
3.2.2 field sprays the impact of different exogenous hormones 689 hybrid seed yield excellent to hybrid rice Y two
Spray exogenous hormone GA3, IAA has an impact to the hybrid seed yield of hybrid rice Y two excellent 689.Spraying concentration
The exogenous hormone GA of 0.025mg/L3, its hybrid seed yield with compare no significant difference, spraying concentration be 0.25mg/L, 2.5mg/L,
The exogenous hormone GA of 25mg/L3, test area is 0.2m2Cell hybrid seed yield, by control 35.99g increase to respectively 49.37g,
41.70g, 40.65g, volume increase 12.9%～37.2%；Spraying concentration is 5 μm of ol/L, 10 μm of ol/L, 15 μm of ol/L, 20 μm of ol/L
Exogenous hormone IAA, test area is 0.2m2Cell hybrid seed yield, by control 35.99g increase to respectively 38.42g,
37.91g, 51.36g, 38.36g, volume increase 5.3%～42.7%.
3.2.3 field sprays the impact of different exogenous hormones 84 hybrid seed yield excellent to Spring Hybrid Rice
Spray exogenous hormone GA3, IAA excellent to Spring Hybrid Rice 84 hybrid seed yield have an impact.Spraying concentration is
The exogenous hormone GA of 0.25mg/L, 2.5mg/L, 25mg/L3, test area is 0.2m2Cell hybrid seed yield, by control 9.16g
13.31g, 12.28g, 10.98g are increased to respectively, increase production 19.9%～45.3%, when it is 0.025mg/L to spray agent concentration, its
Hybrid seed yield with compare no significant difference；Spraying concentration is that 5 μm of ol/L, 10 μm of ol/L, 15 μm of ol/L, external sources of 20 μm of ol/L swash
Plain IAA, test area is 0.2m2Cell hybrid seed yield, by control 9.16g increase to respectively 9.78g, 10.47g, 12.69g,
9.29g, volume increase 1.4%～38.5%.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of field exogenous hormone spraying method for improving Seed Vigor of Hybrid Rice, is characterized in that carrying out as follows：
（1）Parent plants and artificial supplementary pollination：The high-quality measured parental seed of purity is selected, seedling is distinguished after presoaking and germinating,
Father, maternal certain row ratio of pressing are planted；Heading flowering period selects fair weather to carry out artificial supplementary pollination, continuous pollination 5-7 days；
（2）The preparation of exogenous hormone spray：
Using exogenous hormone aqueous solution as spray, its hormone is respectively with the concentration of clean water：
1. it is 0.025-25mg/L that gibberellin sprays agent concentration,
2. it is 10-20 μm of ol/L that heteroauxing sprays agent concentration,
Two kinds of exogenous hormone sprays are chosen any one kind of them；
（3）The consumption of spray and the determination for spraying area ratio：According to the amount that spray is actually sprayed in the area of experimental plot, calculate
Go out 667-1000L/ mus；
（4）Spray the determination on date：The 5-20 days important periods for rice milking stage, are development of fertilized ova shapes after artificial supplementary pollination
The period of endosperm is developed into into embryo, fertilization polar core, is also the critical period for affecting seed vitality and hybrid seed yield, select artificial auxiliary
Help in 5-20 days after pollination and spray；
（5）Spray：In 5-20 days after artificial supplementary pollination terminates, sunny calm or mild wind weather is selected, to maternal spike of rice
Uniformly spray step（2）In any one exogenous hormone.
2. the field exogenous hormone spraying method for improving Seed Vigor of Hybrid Rice as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that step
Suddenly（2）The concentration of two kinds of described sprays is respectively：
Gibberellin 2.5mg/L,15 μm of ol/L of heteroauxing.
3. the field exogenous hormone spraying method for improving Seed Vigor of Hybrid Rice as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that step
Suddenly（3）The consumption of every mu of described spray is 833L.
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| CN105494372B (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-09-15 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | Growth regulator and the application of breeding of hybrid rice and sterile line breeding yield can be improved |
| CN105638271A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-06-08 | 安徽理想种业有限公司 | Method for preventing field ears of hybrid rice seeds from sprouting |
| CN107135786A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-09-08 | 张掖市农业科学研究院 | A kind of Common Borage implantation methods for improving seed vitality |
| CN107926348B (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2020-05-12 | 湖南农业大学 | Vigor optimizing agent for improving vigor of hybrid rice seeds and using method |
| CN109496719A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-03-22 | 浏阳市杨阁湾生态农场 | A kind of eggplant implantation methods |
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| CN102960236A (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2013-03-13 | 袁隆平农业高科技股份有限公司 | Full-mechanical seed production method of hybrid rice |
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| CN102972283A (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-03-20 | 北京金色农华种业科技有限公司 | Production method for hybrid rice seed of Jinliangyou Huazhan |
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| CN104303991A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-01-28 | 北京金色农华种业科技股份有限公司 | Production method for early indica mid-maturation hybrid rice Jifenyou 298 |
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