CN104839232A - Baking method of pyrethrum - Google Patents
Baking method of pyrethrum Download PDFInfo
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- CN104839232A CN104839232A CN201510237516.2A CN201510237516A CN104839232A CN 104839232 A CN104839232 A CN 104839232A CN 201510237516 A CN201510237516 A CN 201510237516A CN 104839232 A CN104839232 A CN 104839232A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a baking method of pyrethrum, which belongs to the technical field of pyrethrum processing and comprises the following steps: (1) screening and cleaning the pyrethrum harvested from a field and uniformly paving on a drying sieve; (2) a firing stage: adopting large fire to rise the temperature to 65-70 DEG C within 1-1.5hours, thus fast rising the temperature of the pyrethrum and uniformly seeping water content in the pyrethrum; (3) a dehumidifying stage: slowing the temperature rising rate, rising the temperature to 70-75 DEG C within 2-2.5hours, and reducing the humidity within 40%; (4) a drying stage: keeping the temperature within 70-77 DEG C, baking for 2-3hours till the water content of the pyrethrum is below 7%; (5) cooling, the dried pyrethrum prepared by adopting the baking method of the pyrethrum is high in quality, is basically not influenced by weather, energy-saving and highly efficient, and is easy for popularization; pyrethrin is small in degradation, and the drying cost is low.
Description
technical field:
The present invention relates to the processing technique field of pyrethrum flowers, specifically a kind of baking method of pyrethrum flowers.
background technology:
Dalmatian chrysanthemum (
formal name used at school: Pyrethrum cinerariifolium) be the herbaceos perennial of composite family, containing efficient insecticide active substance pyrethrin in its flower; Natural pyrethrum to insect have knock down fast, working concentration is low, desinsection wide spectrum, insect do not produce resistance, to plurality of advantages such as warm blooded animal and people and animals' low toxicity, low-residual.In recent years along with the attention degree of countries in the world to food security and the raising day by day of renovation dynamics, the plantation secondary industry of Dalmatian chrysanthemum has had and has developed rapidly.In the leaching process of pyrethrin, the drying of pyrethrum flowers is an important step, and the drying of most of pyrethrum flowers still adopts traditional naturally drying or dry in the shade in the world at present, or dries by the temperature of 55 ~ 60 DEG C.In China, the weather in plantation Dalmatian chrysanthemum area makes a clear distinction between the four seasons, receive the plum rain season of florescence all after spring and summer replaces, naturally dry and bring certain difficulty to the drying of pyrethrum flowers, the method is comparatively large by weather effect, and needs labour, the time of at substantial, in addition because pyrethrin under illumination and air conditions is unstable, easy decomposition, degradation rate is high, and degraded is fast; And now because air humidity is large, the time needing cost longer of drying in the shade, spend the dry water content requirement not reaching requirement; Adopt the mode feasibility of drying higher, but the degradation rate of original stoving process pyrethrin is high, loss is large.Along with the plantation processing industry scale of Dalmatian chrysanthemum, the development of Base environment, traditional drying means can not meet the modern development of Dalmatian chrysanthemum.
summary of the invention:
In order to solve time-consuming in pyrethrum flowers dry run, effort, large by weather effect, the problem that pyrethrin degradation rate is high, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of baking method of pyrethrum flowers, adopts the dry pyrethrum flowers of the method, flower dry product matter is high, pyrethrin less degradation, and substantially not by weather effect, drying cost is low, efficient energy-saving, easily promotes.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A baking method for pyrethrum flowers, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) pyrethrum flowers of being gathered in field, carries out screening and removing impurities, moves in barn, is evenly laid on dry sieve;
(2) in the stage on fire: time on fire, adopt big fire to make temperature increase fast, in 1 ~ 1.5 hour, rise to 65 ~ 70 DEG C, pyrethrum flowers temperature is raised fast, and the uniform moisture in body oozes out;
(3) dehumidify the stage: after the stage on fire completes, slow down heating rate, in 2 ~ 2.5 hours, make temperature slowly rise to 70 ~ 75 DEG C, humidity is reduced within 40%;
(4) drying stage: temperature remains on 70 ~ 77 DEG C, baking 2 ~ 3h, until dry pyrethrum flower water content is below 7%;
(5) cool: the pyrethrum flowers temperature of just having dried is higher, and spread heat radiation out in time, after cooling completely, the lighttight black sack of pyrethrum flowers carries out packing and storing, next step extraction process pending.
The present invention arranges further and is:
Above-mentioned Dalmatian chrysanthemum furnace drying method is preferred:
When step (2) is on fire, adopts big fire to make temperature increase rapidly, in 1.5 hours, make temperature rise to 65 DEG C;
In step (3), temperature rate-of-rise reduces, and temperature, in 2.5 hours, rises to 75 DEG C;
Step all uses anthracite in (4), keeps temperature to be 75 ~ 77 DEG C, baking 2h.
In described step (1), the tiling thickness of pyrethrum flowers is 3-3.5cm.
Preferably: in step (1), the tiling thickness of pyrethrum flowers is 3cm.
Described dry sieve is stainless steel dry sieve or bamboo dry sieve, drying grate aperture≤0.5cm.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following beneficial effect:
1, the present invention is according to the feature of pyrethrum flowers, take into account drying efficiency and dries quantity, by the selection to baking temperature, baking time, baking thickness, adopt the method for the short baking of high temperature, 70-77 DEG C of baking 6-7 hour, baking time is short, efficiency is high, quality better, and the dried flower product color obtained is yellowish-white, simply, pyrethrin degradation rate reduces greatly.
2, the present invention coordinates special heating process, stage on fire is rapidly heated, and moisture in Dalmatian chrysanthemum tide quirk is oozed out rapidly, and the dehumidifying stage slowly heats up, hydrofuge operation is coordinated to discharge a large amount of steam, the moisture of quick reduction tide flower, changes the moisture environment causing Dalmatian chrysanthemum to degrade, drying stage, keep homogeneous temperature baking, ensure that dried flower color and luster is yellowish-white, simply, and ensure good profile.
3, the present invention can directly adopt tobacco-roasting chamber to dry pyrethrum flowers, only need to transform barn floor height, increase the dry sieve being applicable to pyrethrum flowers, cost drops into very little, and fuel cost is low, cured effect is good, and not by the impact of weather, avoid because the overcast and rainy pyrethrum flowers that causes cannot airing and the moldy metamorphism that causes, drying cost is low, efficient energy-saving, easily promotes.
accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is the intensification flow chart of embodiment of the present invention Dalmatian chrysanthemum baking process.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment adopts the existing tobacco flue-curing house of peasant household to toast, barn area is 3.0x2.8m, baking rack divides three layers, every high 63cm layer by layer, due to original for flue-cured tobacco, tobacco leaf is vertically placed, the floor height arranged is higher, now for toasting pyrethrum flowers, pyrethrum flowers individuality is little, put with dry sieve, in order to make full use of baking space, we are set to three layers and are used by every layer, this tobacco flue-curing house is provided with humidity discharging equipment and humidity discharging mouth, humidity discharging facility is ventilating fan, humidity discharging mouth comprises 5 skylights of examining roof, cigarette room and arranging, and the hole, the end that barn both sides are arranged, be convenient to air circulation, inner moisture is discharged.The main member of barn comprises drying room main body, burner hearth, shelf, and for holding the dry sieve of pyrethrum flowers.
The baking method of a kind of pyrethrum flowers of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps:
(1) pyrethrum flowers of being gathered in field, carries out screening and removing impurities, moves in barn, is evenly laid on dry sieve, and pyrethrum flowers baking thickness is 3 ~ 3.5cm;
(2) stage on fire: adopt big fire to make temperature increase fast time on fire, 65 DEG C ~ 70 DEG C are risen in 1 ~ 1.5 hour, in this stage, humidity discharging mouth contract fully, close hole at the bottom of 5 skylights and 2 simultaneously, thus make the temperature in barn at the uniform velocity increase, the pyrethrum flowers in barn is heated evenly, the deliquescing of Dalmatian chrysanthemum tide flower, moisture oozes out.
(3) dehumidify the stage: after the stage on fire completes, in drying room, temperature and humidity rises simultaneously, is in hot and humid state, at this moment need to slow down heating rate, in 2 ~ 2.5 hours, temperature is made slowly to rise to 70 ~ 77 DEG C, in this stage, drying room humidity rises fast, humidity discharging mouth is opened entirely, namely opens hole at the bottom of 5 skylights and 2, increases the air flowing of barn inside, thus moisture is evaporated in a large number, open exhaust fan and assist hydrofuge.
(4) drying stage: after the dehumidifying stage completes, in pyrethrum flowers, most of free moisture is got rid of, evaporation rate starts to slow down, this stage humidity discharging mouth opens 20% ~ 30%, temperature remains on 70 ~ 75 DEG C, toasts 2 ~ 3 hours, makes moisture slow evaporation, interior free surface moisture tends to balance, until dry pyrethrum flower water content is below 7%.
(5) cool: the pyrethrum flowers temperature of just having dried is higher, spreads heat radiation out in time, cause the decomposition of pyrethrin to scatter and disappear in case hot gas is assembled, after cooling completely, the sack of pyrethrum flowers dark color carries out packing and storing, next step extraction process pending.
Described dry sieve is stainless steel dry sieve or bamboo dry sieve, drying grate aperture≤0.5cm, is applicable to the feature of pyrethrum flowers, avoids producing leaking flower.
First light a fire with dry firewood when in the present embodiment, step (2) is on fire, adopt big fire to make temperature increase rapidly, when temperature rises to 65 DEG C, reduce the consumption of dry firewood, increase anthracitic consumption, this stage firewood and anthracitic amount ratio are 5:1.
In step (3), temperature rate-of-rise reduces, and temperature, in 2.5 hours, rises to 75 DEG C, and this stage seasoned wood and anthracitic amount ratio are 1:5.
Step all uses anthracite in (4), keeps temperature to be 75 ~ 77 DEG C, toasts 2 hours, until pyrethrum flowers is dried, dried flower water content is below 7%.
First group of embodiment: different baking temperature, baking time are on the impact of dry pyrethrum flower quality
Baking process is with embodiment 1, and its difference is, adjustment baking temperature, the impact of baking time on dry pyrethrum flower water content and pyrethrin degradation rate is as shown in table 1.
The different baking temperature of table 1, baking time are on the impact of dried flower quality
| Sequence number | Baking temperature (DEG C) | Baking time (h) | Dried flower moisture (≤7%) | Pyrethrin degradation rate (%) | Dried flower quality |
| Embodiment 2 | 55 | 12 | Up to standard | 6.9 | Yellowish-white slightly soft |
| Embodiment 3 | 60 | 10 | Up to standard | 6.8 | Yellowish-white slightly crisp |
| Embodiment 4 | 65 | 9 | Up to standard | 6.5 | Yellowish-white slightly crisp |
| Embodiment 5 | 70 | 7 | Up to standard | 4.5 | Simply yellowish-white |
| Embodiment 6 | 75 | 6 | Up to standard | 4.0 | Simply yellowish-white |
| Embodiment 7 | 80 | 5.5 | Up to standard | 6.0 | Yellowish-white slightly simply black |
| Embodiment 8 | 85 | 5 | Up to standard | 7.0 | Yellowish-white blackout is frangible |
| Comparative example | Natural drying | ≥72 | Up to standard | 8.8 | It is yellowish-white that slightly Huang is slightly soft |
Baking temperature described in upper table is the maximum temperature in bake process, i.e. the temperature that reaches of drying stage, described baking time for from lighting a fire to dry rank are terminated.
Comparative example adopts the method for natural drying, and airing thickness is 3cm, and airing temperature is generally at 20 ~ 28 DEG C, drying time is more than 72 hours, and dried flower moisture could be up to standard, is 8.8% by detecting the Dalmatian chrysanthemum degradation rate adopting natural drying, dried flower is yellowish-white slightly yellow, slightly soft.
As can be seen from Table 1, employing drying room toasts, different baking temperatures, as long as be equipped with corresponding baking time, dried flower moisture can reach standard-required substantially, but along with the rising of baking temperature, baking time obviously shortens, when temperature is elevated to 75 DEG C from 55 DEG C, baking temperature increases 20 DEG C, baking time decreases half, improve baking efficiency, and from degradation rate and dried flower quality, the long baking of low temperature and high-temperature baking all can bring considerable influence to the degradation rate of pyrethrin, temperature is at 70 ~ 75 DEG C, baking time was at 6 ~ 7 hours, Dalmatian chrysanthemum degradation rate is lower 4% ~ 4.5%, and dried flower quality is better, color and luster is yellowish-white, it is simply flexible that hand touches dried flower, not easily broken, when using low temperature length to dry (55 ~ 65 DEG C, toast 9 ~ 12 hours), dried flower color and luster is better, and in yellow-white, but dried flower is slightly soft, easily bonds in preservation process, and adopt (namely 80 ~ 85 DEG C, toast 5 ~ 5.5 hours) of the short baking of high temperature, because temperature is higher, the yellowish-white band of dried flower color and luster is black, and dried flower brittleness is high, easily breaks up, and affects exterior quality.
Can be found the contrast experiment of Dalmatian chrysanthemum quality by above-mentioned different baking temperature, baking time: adopt tobacco flue-curing house baking pyrethrum flowers to be feasible, baking time greatly reduced relative to the time of natural drying, and the degradation rate of pyrethrin is all low compared with the degradation rate of natural drying, by rationally arranging baking temperature and baking time, excellent dried flower quality can be obtained, as: the baking temperature 75 DEG C adopting embodiment 6, toast 6 hours pyrethrin degradation rates minimum, comparatively natural drying is low 4.8 percentage points for the degradation rate of pyrethrin, and dried flower quality is also best.
Second group of embodiment: different pyrethrum flowers baking thickness is on the impact of dry pyrethrum flower quality
Baking process, with implementation column 6, adopts the baking temperature of 75 DEG C, toasts 6 hours, and measure different baking thickness to the impact of dry pyrethrum flower quality, result is as shown in table 2;
Table 2 difference baking thickness is on the impact of dried flower quality
| Sequence number | Baking thickness (cm) | Weight (kg) before drying | Weight (kg) after drying | Dried flower moisture (≤7%) | Pyrethrin degradation rate (%) | Dried flower color and luster |
| Embodiment 9 | ＜3 | 5.64 | 1.96 | Up to standard | 4.8 | Simply yellowish-white |
| Embodiment 10 | 3 | 5.64 | 2.17 | Up to standard | 4 | Simply yellowish-white |
| Embodiment 11 | 3.5 | 5.64 | 2.42 | Up to standard | 4.5 | Simply yellowish-white |
| Embodiment 12 | 4 | 5.64 | 2.64 | Not up to standard | 5.0 | Yellowish-whitely do up and down, centre is slightly soft |
| Embodiment 13 | 6 | 5.64 | 2.93 | Not up to standard | 5.5 | Yellowish-whitely to do up and down, middle soft |
As can be seen from Table 2, when toasting thickness at≤below 3.5cm, the pyrethrin degradation rate of dried flower is between 4%-5%, and degradation rate is less, and the color and luster of dried flower is yellowish-white, and feel is clear-cut, can obtain good dried flower quality; When toasting thickness at 3cm, degradation rate is minimum, and effect is best.
When baking thickness is 3cm, the actual compass screen surface of examining used amasss as 0.73m
2.Barn area is 3.0x2.8m, has three layers, floor height 63cm, and every layer can be set to three layers of utilization, therefore every layer can place tide flower amount be: 5.64/0.73 x8.4=64.9kg.Area is 3x2.8 m
2tobacco flue-curing house once can toast tide flower amount for 64.9x9=584.1 kg, psychrometric ratio when being 3cm according to baking thickness: 5.64/2.17=2.60 calculates, and can obtain dried flower 584.1/2.60=224.7 kg.
When toasting thickness >=4cm, because thickness increases, the colored moisture being in middle part distributes and is under some influence, and through the baking of 6 hours, moisture did not reach dried flower standard, and therefore the color and luster of dried flower and quality can not be guaranteed; When tide flower thickness doubles, during for 6cm, test discovery through applicant, dry 9 hours, the moisture of dried flower still cannot be up to standard, and pyrethrum flowers degradation speed under hot and humid condition is accelerated, extend baking time, pyrethrin degradation rate is large, and loss is large.
When baking thickness is 6cm, what the tide flower of identical weight took examine, and compass screen surface amasss only has the half of baking thickness when being 3cm, so same barn, when thickness doubles, it is 1168.2 kg that the tide flower amount that barn once can be smoked also doubles, baking efficiency increases, but as mentioned above, made dried flower quality is undesirable.
The control of temperature is on the impact of dry pyrethrum flower quality:
As shown in Figure 1, in the baking process of pyrethrum flowers, preferred employing is controlled to the intensification of temperature and to heat up as follows flow process:
Stage on fire, under room temperature, in 1.5 hours, temperature rises to more than 65 DEG C, and about heat up with 30 DEG C of speed per hour, heating rate is very fast, slow down from the hydrofuge stage heating rate of 1.5 ~ 4 hours, about heat up with 4 DEG C of speed per hour, at the end of the stage on fire, temperature reaches 75 DEG C, and drying stage temperature remains on 75 ~ 77 DEG C and toasts, drying stage completed baking by 2 hours, carried out next step refrigerating work procedure.
Applicant is found by research: because the degraded of pyrethrum flowers is subject to temperature, the impact of moisture and time, temperature is higher, degradation speed is faster, the higher degradation speed of moisture is faster, be in the temperature and humidity condition lower time longer, degradation rate is larger, therefore, the influence factor of this three aspect comprehensive, we adopt in the stage on fire and are rapidly heated in short-term, within 1.5 hours, be warming up to 65 DEG C, and close skylight and Di Dong, the flower of the tide in barn homogeneous temperature is made to increase fast on the one hand, on the other hand roasting intra-atrial pressure is increased rapidly, thus cause in damp quirk, outer hydraulic pressure difference increases, uniform moisture in tide quirk oozes out external, moisture in barn increases rapidly, now, the respiration of tide flower progressively increases, so, at the end of the stage on fire, necessary hydrofuge rapidly, and slow down heating rate, while quick reduction moisture, the quick rising of control temperature, in 2.5 hours, temperature is made slowly to rise to 75 DEG C, open skylight and Di Dong, and open exhaust fan, moisture in barn is evaporated in a large number, moisture in tide quirk reduces rapidly, barn humidity is made to be reduced within 40%, to reduce the respiration of pyrethrum flowers, thus effectively control the decomposition rate of pyrethrin, drying stage adopts the short baking of high temperature, keeps 75 ~ 77 DEG C, dries 2 hours, can be evaporated further by moisture fast, reach dry standard, thus reduces the time of pyrethrin degraded, obtains good dried flower quality.
Adopt this heating process cured effect good, fuel cost is low:
Found through experiments, by embodiment 6, when baking thickness is 3cm, adopt above-mentioned baking process to dry, toast 6 hours, fuel used expense is as follows:
Anthracite: 27.18 kilograms, 10 kilograms, firewood.Total expense is: 18.76 yuan.Can toast dried flower 224.7 kilograms calculating by every stove, the baking expense of per kilogram dried flower is: 0.08 yuan.Fuel cost is low, and cured effect is good, and not by the impact of weather, avoids because the overcast and rainy pyrethrum flowers that causes cannot airing and the moldy metamorphism that causes.Make some not have plantation Dalmatian chrysanthemum that the area in airing place and large plantation family can be relieved, no longer worries the airing problem of pyrethrum flowers.
Like this, by the selection of baking temperature, baking time, baking thickness, then coordinate special heating process, on the one hand, solve pyrethrum flowers drying and be subject to the drawback that weather effect is large, on the other hand, effectively raise the quality of pyrethrum flowers dried flower.
Dalmatian chrysanthemum baking method of the present invention, directly utilize the existing cigarette room of examining of peasant household to carry out, fund input is little, only need according to the feature of Dalmatian chrysanthemum, increase a set of dry sieve, can utilize tobacco flue-curing house fully on the one hand, being convenient to peasant household obtains the better pyrethrum flowers of quality by baking on the other hand.
Above content is the further description done provided technical scheme in conjunction with the preferred embodiment of the present invention; can not assert that the present invention specifically implements to be confined to these explanations above-mentioned; for general technical staff of the technical field of the invention; without departing from the inventive concept of the premise; some simple deduction or replace can also be made, all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a baking method for pyrethrum flowers, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) pyrethrum flowers of being gathered in field, carries out screening and removing impurities, moves in barn, is evenly laid on dry sieve;
(2) in the stage on fire: time on fire, adopt big fire to make temperature increase fast, in 1 ~ 1.5 hour, rise to 65 ~ 70 DEG C, pyrethrum flowers temperature is raised fast, and the uniform moisture in body oozes out;
(3) dehumidify the stage: after the stage on fire completes, slow down heating rate, in 2 ~ 2.5 hours, make temperature slowly rise to 70 ~ 75 DEG C, humidity is reduced within 40%;
(4) drying stage: temperature remains on 70 ~ 77 DEG C, baking 2 ~ 3h, until dry pyrethrum flower water content is below 7%;
(5) cool: the pyrethrum flowers temperature of just having dried is higher, and spread heat radiation out in time, after cooling completely, the lighttight black sack of pyrethrum flowers carries out packing and storing, next step extraction process pending.
2. the baking method of a kind of pyrethrum flowers according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
When described step (2) is on fire, adopts big fire to make temperature increase rapidly, in 1.5 hours, make temperature rise to 65 DEG C;
In step (3), temperature rate-of-rise reduces, and temperature, in 2.5 hours, rises to 75 DEG C;
In step (4), temperature is kept to be 75 ~ 77 DEG C, baking 2h.
3. the baking method of a kind of pyrethrum flowers according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: in step (1), the tiling thickness of pyrethrum flowers is 3-3.5cm.
4. the baking method of a kind of pyrethrum flowers according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in step (1), the tiling thickness of pyrethrum flowers is 3cm.
5. the baking method of a kind of pyrethrum flowers according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described dry sieve is stainless steel dry sieve or bamboo dry sieve, drying grate aperture≤0.5cm.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107518295A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2017-12-29 | 施甸瑞禾农业发展有限公司 | A kind of maize flour fruit instant method for making food |
| CN108294637A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-07-20 | 青岛海尔智慧厨房电器有限公司 | A kind of oven and its control method |
| CN112524769A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-19 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | Control method of air conditioner and air conditioner |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1128137A (en) * | 1995-12-27 | 1996-08-07 | 相龙民 | Rapid drying and quality-guaranteeing method for honeysuckle |
| CN103615867A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-03-05 | 文山华信三七股份有限公司 | Processing method for fast drying of pseudo-ginseng |
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2015
- 2015-05-11 CN CN201510237516.2A patent/CN104839232B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1128137A (en) * | 1995-12-27 | 1996-08-07 | 相龙民 | Rapid drying and quality-guaranteeing method for honeysuckle |
| CN103615867A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-03-05 | 文山华信三七股份有限公司 | Processing method for fast drying of pseudo-ginseng |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107518295A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2017-12-29 | 施甸瑞禾农业发展有限公司 | A kind of maize flour fruit instant method for making food |
| CN108294637A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-07-20 | 青岛海尔智慧厨房电器有限公司 | A kind of oven and its control method |
| CN112524769A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-19 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | Control method of air conditioner and air conditioner |
| CN112524769B (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-06-14 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | Control method of air conditioner and air conditioner |
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