CN104823744A - Micro integrated three-dimensional farm - Google Patents

Abstract

A miniature integrated three-dimensional farm, which is mainly composed of a load-bearing frame, a water storage tray, a planting tray, planting soil, and capillary bundles. The tray is placed on the water storage tray. The planting soil in the planting tray is not in direct contact with the water stored in the water storage tray. There is an air space between them. The water required by the plant passes through the capillary bundle according to the amount of transpiration and evaporation. Capillarity is automatically transported into the planting soil. After adopting the above-mentioned technical solutions, micro-farms can be built in open space, roofs, balconies, window sills or on the outer walls of buildings. Citizens can plant crops, vegetables, fruits and ornamental plants according to their own preferences. The planting system has simple structure and low cost. , worry-free management, and high-efficiency production.

Description

Micro-integrated three-dimensional farm

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of facility agriculture, in particular to a multi-layer three-dimensional water-soil separation integrated plant cultivation method and cultivation device.

Background technique

Cities are the product and symbol of the high development of human civilization. A counselor in the Han Dynasty once said to Liu Bang: "The country is based on the people, and the people depend on food." The food supply determines the size of the city. In the farming society, almost all the food in the city comes from This self-sufficient development continued for thousands of years in the urban area and adjacent areas. After the industrial revolution, a large number of urban populations gathered, resource consumption was huge, and the environment deteriorated. Therefore, from the 15th century to the beginning of the 20th century, a large number of sociologists and architectural planners devoted themselves to solving the problems in the city. Utopian "urban farms", Howard The "Garden City" of Geddes, the "City of Evolution" of Wright, the "City of Broad Acres" of Wright, the "City of Brightness" of Le Corbusier, the "Super Farm" after World War II and the "Agricultural City" of Kisho Kurokawa " and other ideas and assumptions that incorporate agricultural production into the overall consideration of urban space continue to emerge.

It is under such a background that urban agriculture gradually developed. It is generally believed that it originated from German citizen farms in the early 20th century. After several energy crises, ecological theory penetrated into various fields. When people obtain food, they also consider transportation and How to reduce consumption in the consumption link, and re-examine how to produce food in the city to achieve material circulation in the region and reduce external dependence. Now the US green building evaluation system LEED has begun to help and encourage various promotions of sustainable agriculture and organic food positive factors for development. In recent years, the main development forms of urban agriculture in developed regions such as Europe, America and Japan are as follows: First, a large amount of agricultural land is reserved in the suburbs and surrounding areas of the city to produce agricultural products such as grain, vegetables, and fruits. For example, the Netherlands has developed large-scale urban agriculture with advanced facilities. , its glass greenhouse covers an area of more than 110,000 km ² , and 75% of its agricultural products can be exported after meeting its own needs. Japan has passed a series of laws to protect urban cultivated land and agricultural production. There are 350,000 km ² of cultivated land in its urban area. More than 80% of the vegetables are supplied locally; the second is to use the public green space, idle wasteland, roofs, even balconies and windowsills in the city center to build urban farms. For example, the Berlin Princess Garden in Germany built a 6000m ² urban farm on a piece of wasteland. There is also the Brooklyn Farm in New York, USA, which is a rooftop farm with an area of more than 10,000 m2 ^; the third is to vigorously develop facility agriculture and take the road of mechanization, intelligence, and intensive production. For example, there are currently 45 vegetable farms in Singapore, which produce about 140,000 tons of green leafy vegetables can meet 12% of the national demand.

However, in China, the urban land use is becoming more and more tense, and the high-quality cultivated land in the suburbs is rapidly decreasing. For example, the area of cultivated land in Beijing has dropped sharply from 691,000 hm ² in 1978 to 317,000 hm ² in 2009, of which only 68,000 hm ² of vegetable planting area remained. Only 3.03 million tons, relying solely on urban agricultural land to develop urban agriculture faces the problems of land shortage and low production efficiency. It will be a drop in the bucket to use idle wasteland and roofs to directly develop urban agriculture. Some scholars believe that to ensure the self-sufficiency and safety of vegetables in big cities should be solved through facility agriculture, that is, plant factories.

The world's first plant factory appeared in Denmark in 1957. In 1960, General Electric Company of the United States successfully developed the first artificial light plant factory. In 1983, Japan used high-pressure sodium lamps and triangular plate aerosol to cultivate lettuce in Shizuoka Prefecture. China introduced two sets of solar plant factories from Canada in 1998. In 2006, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences started the test of LED artificial light plant factories. ^In 2009, a commercial plant factory with an area of 200m2 was built in Changchun, Jilin. Multiple plant factories. However, plant factories using soilless cultivation methods have shortcomings such as single vegetable varieties, high energy consumption, and excess nitrate nitrogen. Huang Shunhe, the person in charge of Sky Green Company in Singapore, has returned to the road of natural light and soil cultivation. He invented The 9-meter-high vegetable tower is planted with 10 layers of vegetables. In order to obtain uniform sunlight, the planting tanks are continuously rotated by the water flow, which consumes about 60 watts of energy a day, and the production capacity is more than 5 times that of traditional farms.

However, due to the soilless cultivation method used in today's facility agriculture, there are deficiencies such as complex system, huge investment, high selection of vegetable varieties, and the need for experienced and highly professional practitioners. operation, resulting in limited types of vegetables, high prices, and many circulation links, which limit the further development of facility agriculture. Using the outer walls of buildings, balconies, window sills, roofs or surrounding open spaces to develop micro-farms in the city can save many intermediate links and directly connect the agricultural production end with the consumer terminal. If the family is compared to the cells of society, then the micro-farm Just like the chlorophyll in cells, it can provide citizens with a continuous source of food.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages that existing facility agriculture is difficult to penetrate into urban families and directly benefit citizens, and to provide a multi-layer three-dimensional integrated cultivation method and cultivation device with simple system, low cost, worry-free management and high production efficiency.

The present invention is mainly composed of a load-bearing frame, a water storage tray, a planting tray, planting soil, and a capillary bundle. Above the tray, the planting soil in the planting tray is not in direct contact with the water stored in the water storage tray, and there is an air space between them. The water required by the plant is automatically transported to the planting plant through the capillary bundle according to the amount of transpiration and evaporation. in the soil.

The normal growth of plants including vegetables requires suitable light, water, soil (medium) and air conditions. After hundreds of millions of years of evolution, plants have a natural suitability to soil, and soil can be used as a cultivation substrate to adapt to the growth of vegetables. Compared with soilless cultivation, it is easier to achieve variety diversification, low-tech management and maintenance, and more natural and organic vegetable production. The present invention adopts the integrated technical scheme of water and soil separation, and compared with hydroponics, aeroponics and other soilless cultivation methods, the range of species selection of crops is much wider, and the knowledge and skill requirements for management and maintenance are much lower; Or the soil cultivation method of drip irrigation can avoid too much or too little water content in the soil, and can also avoid the loss of effective nutrients in the soil. The various components of the multi-layer three-dimensional planting system are assembled in an integrated manner, and can be placed in large-scale surrounding open spaces or roofs of buildings, or scattered on balconies, window sills or combined with building exterior walls. Citizens can Grow crops, vegetables, fruits and ornamentals according to your preferences.

The shading and transpiration functions of plants can be used to improve the urban microclimate and building thermal environment. The functions of plants to absorb dust and absorb _CO2 and release _O2 can purify the air. The remaining kitchen waste can be made into organic compost for recycling. , Domestic sewage and rainwater can be used for irrigation and fertilization after collection and treatment. Therefore, the development of micro-integrated three-dimensional farms in cities can provide citizens with fresh and high-quality organic vegetables, and can better realize the production and ecological functions of urban agriculture. , self-cultivation, leisure landscape, education and knowledge dissemination and other social service functions have important theoretical value and great practical significance for the sustainable development of cities in our country.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front view of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a side elevational view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a large sample diagram of the water-soil separation cultivation module of the present invention.

In the figure: load-bearing frame 1, water storage tray 2, planting tray 3, water storage 4, planting soil 5, capillary bundle 6, casing 7, capillary perforation 8, air hole 9, air interlayer 10, air hole 11, water permeable Sew 12.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawings:

As shown in Figure 1, the main body of the present invention is composed of a load-bearing frame 1, a water storage tray 2, and a planting tray 3. The load-bearing frame 1 is made of metal or other profiles and can be assembled into a multi-layer frame structure. The load-bearing frame 1 can be Bearing the load of each layer of planting modules, a set of water storage tray 2, planting tray 3 and their contents form a single planting module. As shown in Figure 2, the distance between each layer of the load-bearing frame 1 can be adjusted according to the geographical location, the size of the water storage tray 2 and the planting tray 3, so that the plants planted in each layer of the planting tray 3 can obtain enough light. As shown in Figure 3, the planting tray 3 is filled with planting soil 5, the water storage tray 2 stores water 4 with a certain liquid level, the planting tray 3 is placed on the water storage tray 2, and the planting soil 5 and water storage 4 They are not in direct contact, and are separated by a layer of air interlayer 10. The planting tray 3 has a certain number of capillary perforations 8, and the capillary bundles 6 protrude into the bottom of the water storage 4 from the capillary perforations 8, so that the water can use the capillary. The phenomenon is automatically transported to the planting soil 5 through the capillary bundle 6 to meet the needs of plant growth.

In order to obtain better water absorption, the capillary bundle 6 is made of superfine fiber material, which is generally fluffy and elastic. In order to ensure that the capillary bundle 6 can go deep into the water surface, as shown in Figure 3, a hard cover can be placed on the capillary bundle 6 coat. Quality sleeve pipe 7, the diameter size of sleeve pipe 7 can not move easily again with being able to pass capillary perforation 8. Sleeve 7 can open water-permeable seam 12 near the bottom position, and capillary bundle 6 can absorb water through water-permeable seam 12 or sleeve pipe 7 end openings. In addition, small air holes 9 can be opened at the bottom of the planting tray 3, which can make the planting soil 5 permeable and air-permeable, and the capillary roots of plants can also stretch into the water storage 4 from the air holes 9 to directly obtain moisture.

Vegetables and other plant roots all like moist, fluffy, fertile soil. In order to make the planting soil 5 maintain proper water content and possess air permeability, a certain number of ventilation holes 11 can be opened on the side of the water storage tray 2, through the air interlayer 10 , air holes 9, and the surface of the planting soil 5 form an air circulation path. When the miniature three-dimensional farm placed outdoors meets heavy rain, the rainwater falling into the planting tray 3 can flow into the water storage tray 2 through the air hole 9, and excessive rainwater can flow away through the vent hole 11, so as to avoid the planting tray 3 from accumulating water. After taking the above measures, the planting soil can maintain an appropriate water content and a state of water permeability and air permeability, creating an optimal growth environment for plants.

When the internal water 4 in the water storage tray 2 is exhausted or the liquid level drops to a certain height, it is necessary to replenish water to the water storage tray 2, and the automatic water replenishment method will be separately applied for, and will not be described in detail here.

Claims (5)

1. a micro integrated stereo farm, primarily of load framework, water storage dish, planting tray, planting soil, bundle of capillary tubes composition, it is characterized in that: the load framework of multilayer bears the load of each layer plantation module, the planting tray of plantation module is shelved on water storage dish, planting soil in planting tray does not directly contact with the water be stored in water storage dish, between have an air space, moisture needed for plant passes through capillarity automatic transport in planting soil according to rising and evaporation discharge via bundle of capillary tubes.

2. micro integrated stereo farm according to claim 1, is characterized in that: bundle of capillary tubes outer case sleeve, and the diameter of sleeve pipe equals or slightly larger than capillary punch inside diameter.

3. micro integrated stereo farm according to claim 1, is characterized in that: sleeve pipe has permeable seam close to bottom position.

4. micro integrated stereo farm according to claim 1, is characterized in that: bottom planting tray, have pore.

5. micro integrated stereo farm according to claim 1, is characterized in that: have ventilation hole at water storage dish side.