CN104817366B - A kind of preparation method for the biological organic fertilizer that can improve Fuji apple storage quality - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method for the biological organic fertilizer that can improve Fuji apple storage quality Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method for the biological organic fertilizer that can improve Fuji apple storage quality, this method comprises the following steps：The first step：Prepare egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid；Second step：Prepare kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid：3rd step：Prepare cattle and sheep manure fermentation material；4th step：EM bacteria agent secondary fermentation is inoculated with after egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material, kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material and cattle and sheep manure fermentation material are mixed；5th step：It air-dries and crushes pack preservation.The method of the present invention mixes secondary fermentation after a variety of Organic Ingredients are fermented respectively, obtained biological organic fertilizer nutrition comprehensive and abundant, rich in calcium ion and a variety of normal trace elements and beneficial microbe, it disclosure satisfy that Fuji apple growth and development demand, improve yield and quality, improve soil quality, improve the economic benefit and ecological benefits of plantation, it is particular enable to improve the storage quality of Fuji apple, extends storage time, there is extensive promotional value.
Description
Technical field：
The present invention relates to agricultural fertilizer field more particularly to a kind of preparation methods of biological organic fertilizer, and being specially one kind can
To improve the preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer of Fuji apple storage quality.
Background technology：
Containing abundant nutritional ingredient in apple, rank first of four big fruit of China.The nutritive value of Fuji apple is very aobvious
Write, measured according to the Ministry of Agriculture, Fruits of Red Fuji Apple containing soluble solid up to 17.2%, titratable acid 0.25%, sugar-acid ratio 47:
56, VC4.41 milligrams, but also the battalion needed containing the human bodies such as carotene, fat, protein, Ca, Fe are contained per hectogram pulp
Support substance.With the continuous development of Apple Industry, Fuji apple is the apple variety of China's cultivated area maximum at present, and yield accounts for
The 60.4% of China's apple total output.Fuji apple is as consumer's widely one of favorite fruit, in quality, flavor, nutrition
On account for absolute advantage and people's health is also closely bound up.
Apple Fruit Quality includes exterior quality, interior quality, storage quality and processing quality.After apple harvesting, due to
Storage practice is improper or postharvest handling not in time, loss is huge.China's fruit adopts rear loss late and reaches 20%-25% every year on average,
And the loss late of developed country is controlled in 1.7%-5.0%.Preservation and freshness is final tache and raising water in production of fruit trees
Fruit industrial economy benefit, the necessary condition for meeting the market demand.
Domestic and foreign scholars conduct extensive research apple post-harvest physiology and storage technique aspect, and result of study shows
Apples are fresh-keeping mainly by the shadow of many factors such as kind, harvest maturity, reserve temperature, ambient humidity and gas componant
It rings.At present three kinds of modes is mainly taken to store in China's apple production, i.e. room temperature storage, cryopreservation and air conditioned storage.Apple
Producing region, the room temperature storage using natural cooling source are the major ways of current Apples, and storage accounts for the total storage of apple
More than 70%；It using the cryopreservation of mechanical refrigeration, quickly grows in recent years, storage accounts for the 20% of the total storage of apple；
Air conditioned storage is the go-go storage technique of apple, and the apple more than developed country, 60% uses air conditioned storage, China's gas
Storage facilities off-capacity is adjusted, only accounts for the 5% of the total storage of apple.At present the U.S. in terms of the research of air conditioned storage theory always
In world forefront, they have started to study the molecular biology mechanism of fruit air conditioned storage.Explore air conditioned storage ring
Changes in gene expression in fruit under border, the synthesis in relation to enzyme, metabolism, to thoroughly understand fully the principle of air conditioned storage.
Research both at home and abroad on antistaling agent in field of fruit freshness keeping, preservative film, fresh-keeping packaging is more, and research direction
Gradually develop to numerous areas such as materialogy, Food Chemistry, organic chemistry, genetic biology, mechanical engineerings.Preservation method is just
It is studied being studied from single principle to compound direction, refrigeration, MAP, green preservatives, low dose radiation handle fresh-keeping and ultraviolet light
The compound research of the various preservation technologies such as fresh-keeping, genetic engineering and application are international fresh-keeping fashions trend, and but nobody is from apple
Start in fruit planting process, influence of the research organic fertilizer to its storage quality.
The content of the invention：
In view of the problems of the existing technology, provide a kind of biology that can improve Fuji apple storage quality has the present invention
The preparation method of machine fertilizer, secondary fermentation is mixed after a variety of Organic Ingredients are fermented respectively, obtains nutrition comprehensive and abundant, rich in calcium from
Sub and a variety of normal trace elements and beneficial microorganism biological organic fertilizer, the biological organic fertilizer being prepared using the method for the present invention
The storage quality of Fuji apple can be improved, while improves the yield and quality of Fuji apple, improves soil quality, is had high
Economic benefit and ecological benefits.
The present invention provides following technical solution：
A kind of preparation method for the biological organic fertilizer that can improve Fuji apple storage quality, comprises the following steps：
The first step：Prepare egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid；
Second step：Prepare kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid；
3rd step：Prepare cattle and sheep manure fermentation material；
4th step：EM is inoculated with after egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material, kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material and cattle and sheep manure fermentation material are mixed
Microbial inoculum secondary fermentation；
5th step：It air-dries and crushes pack preservation.
Preferably, the preparation process of the first step egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid is：
Dry egg shell is smashed it through into 400 mesh sieves, the water of 3-4 times of weight is added, adds the pepsin of 0.1% mass
(2000U/g), it is 3.5 to adjust pH, and temperature is 35 DEG C, when enzymolysis 5 is small；It is 5.6-6 that pH is adjusted after enzymolysis, is added
Add the drying dregs of beans of 5% mass inoculated plant lactobacillus, inoculum concentration 1% after mixing, ferment 2-3 under the conditions of 37 DEG C
My god, fermentation ends obtain egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid.
Preferably, the preparation process of the second step kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid is：
The water that Fresh Laminaria Japonica is added in 7-8 times of quality smashs into kelp slurry to pieces, and it is 6.0 to adjust kelp slurry pH, adds in sea
Cellulase (1800U/g), 0.8% pectase (2000U/g), 1.2% papain with slurry quality 0.2%
(2200U/g) and 1.0% zytase (1800U/g), enzymolysis 3-4 is small under the conditions of 50 DEG C of bath temperatures after mixing
When；It is inoculated with Pediococcus pentosaceus after enzymolysis, inoculum concentration 2% is fermented 3-4 days under the conditions of 37 DEG C, and fermentation ends obtain
Kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid.
Preferably, the preparation process of cattle and sheep manure fermentation material is in the 3rd step
Calcium carbonate is added in cattle and sheep feed, additive amount is counted as 100mg/kg using Ca, collects the feed of the addition calcium carbonate
Cattle and sheep excrement material is obtained under nursing, the C/N ratios for adjusting cattle and sheep excrement are 28:1, it is 65% that addition water, which adjusts moisture, inoculation
Trichoderma viride and aspergillus oryzae ferment, and inoculum concentration is respectively 1.5% and 1%, fermentation time be 20 days, every turning in 3 days once,
Fermentation ends obtain cattle and sheep manure fermentation material.
Preferably, by egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material, kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material and cattle and sheep manure fermentation material in the 4th step
By weight 1:3:EM bacteria agent is inoculated with after 20 ratio mixing and carries out secondary fermentation, fermentation time is 3-5 days.
Preferably, it is 15-18% to be air-dried after the completion of secondary fermentation in the 5th step to moisture, crushed 40 mesh
Sieve, pack are sealed.
Preferably, the additive amount of the addition lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae and EM bacteria agent
With living bacteria count gauge, wherein EM bacteria agent number of viable >=10,000,000,000/gram, remaining microbial inoculum number of viable >=500,000,000/gram.
The characteristics of biological organic fertilizer：1 improves chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, and biological organic fertilizer has the effects that fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing, can
To greatly improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer.2 improvement soil are increase soil fertility, and not only organic component content is rich in biological organic fertilizer
In addition richness is also conducive to the beneficial bacterium of soil environment improvement.After soil application biological organic fertilizer, largely add
The content of the nutriments such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium of soil, phosphorus decomposing, potassium solubilizing bacteria in fertilizer play in the soil its phosphorus decomposing,
Potassium decomposing acts on, and the P elements in soil and potassium element are released, add the available content of mineral substances of plant in soil.
On the other hand, since biological organic fertilizer is applied in soil, the organic matter content in soil is added, soil is made to become thin
Pine, nutrient laden, the original flora lived in the soil obtains amount reproduction, so as to ensure that the micro-ecological environment of soil.3 mitigate
Environmental pollution according to statistics, has 1.4 hundred million tons to be incinerated, the burning of stalk in more than 600,000,000 tons of the agricultural crop straw that China generates every year
The waste of organic substance is not only caused, also creates air pollution.These discarded stalks are used and is fermented into biology and has
Machine fertilizer, it will the protection of huge economic benefit and air is generated to agricultural.It can improve soil quality using biological organic fertilizer
And soil microenvironment.4 improve crop qualities, and biological organic fertilizer is rich in the multiple nutritional components that have, and to impart fertilizer special
Fertilizer efficiency has shown that biological organic fertilizer can improve the qualities such as color and luster, mouthfeel and the growth vigor of crop through research.5 mitigate crops
Insect pest, when the bacteriostasis of biological organic fertilizer itself, second is that effect of biological organic fertilizer on crops growth, antibacterial, disease-resistant promotion are made
With.
EM bacterium (Effective Microorganisms) are into EM bacterium are big by Japanese Ryukyu by about 80 kinds of microorganism groups
Ratio is praised to be studied successfully professor's nineteen eighty-two according to husband, is put goods on the market the eighties.EM bacterium are with photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast
10 based on bacterium and actinomyces belong to a kind of micro- life bacteria preparation that more than 80 microorganisms are combined.The mechanism of action is to form EM
Bacterium and the competition of pathogenic microorganism contention nutrition, since EM bacterium easily live and reproduce in the soil, so can it is very fast and steadily
Occupy the ecologic niche in soil, form the advantage group of beneficial microbial bacteria, so as to control the breeding of pathogenic microorganism and
Invasion and attack to crop are the developing direction of the ecological agriculture, are more advantageous to the sustainable development of agricultural.The beginning of the nineties at the end of the eighties,
EM bacterium by the states such as Japan, Thailand, Brazil, the U.S., Indonesia, Sri Lanka be widely used in agricultural, cultivation, plantation,
The fields such as environmental protection achieve apparent economic benefit and ecological benefits.
Respiration is the mark of plant vital activity, becomes the leading of metabolism, is postharvest fruit and vegetable vital movement
Center, the commodity processing method of physiology lesion in variation, shelf-life, storage and fruits and vegetables with fruit-vegetable quality have close
System.Respiration causes the decline of post-harvest fruits quality, seriously affects the commodity of fruit because consuming substantial amounts of fruits nutrition substance
Value.And climacteric is then an important indicator in fruit maturation aging course in various physiological acoustic signals, it indicates
Transformation of the fruit especially transition type fruit from maturation to aging, shows the intense hydrolysis effect of reserve substance in fruit
Start.Therefore climacteric occurs often after fruit full maturity, fruit quality and storage performance can all reduce.Preservation and freshness
Basic principle be exactly by using storage technique control fruit respiration or adjust climacteric arriving, so as to
Achieve the purpose that extending fruit shelf-life.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1. the method for the present invention mixes secondary fermentation after a variety of Organic Ingredients are fermented respectively, obtained biological organic fertilizer nutrition
Comprehensive and abundant rich in calcium ion and a variety of normal trace elements and beneficial microbe, disclosure satisfy that Fuji apple growth and development demand,
Yield and quality are improved, improves soil quality, improves the economic benefit and ecological benefits of plantation, is particular enable to improve Fuji apple
Storage quality, have extensive promotional value.
2. the present invention contains there are many effective microbe, retain good function characteristic possessed by general organic fertilizer, can promote
Into Fuji apple strain to nutrient absorb and tangerine resists the pathogenic effects of some pathogenic microorganisms, mitigate Fuji apple
Pest and disease damage in planting process improves plantation quality and yield.
3. the method for the present invention has opened up the new direction of red fuji apple preservation and freshness, by being enriched in planting process organic fertilizer
Calcium ion and it is a variety of it is normal trace element and beneficial microbe interaction so that Fruits of Red Fuji Apple harvest storage storage life
Between respiration weaken, extend storage life, improve its storage quality, reduce the manpower and materials consumption in storage, prolong significantly
The red fuji apple Market goods shelf phase has been grown, has improved economic benefit.
Specific embodiment：
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below, the present embodiment is carried out lower premised on inventive technique scheme
Implement, give detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following realities
Apply example.The experimental program of actual conditions, the condition proposed by usually according to normal condition or manufacturer are not specified in embodiment
Implement.
Embodiment one
A kind of preparation method for the biological organic fertilizer that can improve Fuji apple storage quality, comprises the following steps：
The first step：Prepare egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid：
Dry egg shell is smashed it through into 400 mesh sieves, the water of 3 times of weight is added, adds the pepsin of 0.1% mass
(2000U/g), it is 3.5 to adjust pH, and temperature is 35 DEG C, when enzymolysis 5 is small；It is 5.6 that pH is adjusted after enzymolysis, addition
The drying dregs of beans of 5% mass inoculated plant lactobacillus (Llactobacillus plantarum) after mixing, inoculum concentration is
1%, it ferments 2 days under the conditions of 37 DEG C, fermentation ends obtain egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid.
Second step：Prepare kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid：
The water that Fresh Laminaria Japonica is added in 7 times of quality smashs into kelp slurry to pieces, and it is 6.0 to adjust kelp slurry pH, adds in kelp
Cellulase (1800U/g), 0.8% pectase (2000U/g), 1.2% papain of slurry quality 0.2%
(2200U/g) and 1.0% zytase (1800U/g), enzymolysis 3 is small under the conditions of 50 DEG C of bath temperatures after mixing
When；Pediococcus pentosaceus (Pediococcus pentosaceus), inoculum concentration 2%, 37 DEG C of conditions are inoculated with after enzymolysis
Lower fermentation 3 days, fermentation ends obtain kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid.
3rd step：Prepare cattle and sheep manure fermentation material：
Calcium carbonate is added in cattle and sheep feed, additive amount is counted as 100mg/kg using Ca, collects the feed of the addition calcium carbonate
Cattle and sheep excrement material is obtained under nursing, the C/N ratios for adjusting cattle and sheep excrement are 28:1, it is 65% that addition water, which adjusts moisture, inoculation
Trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride) and aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) ferment, and inoculum concentration is respectively
1.5% and 1%, fermentation time is 20 days, and once, fermentation ends obtain cattle and sheep manure fermentation material for every turning in 3 days.
4th step：By egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material, kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material and cattle and sheep manure fermentation material by weight 1:3:20
Ratio mixing after be inoculated with EM bacteria agent carry out secondary fermentation, fermentation time be 3 days.
5th step：It is 15% to air-dry to moisture, crushed 40 mesh sieves, pack is sealed.
Embodiment two
A kind of preparation method for the biological organic fertilizer that can improve Fuji apple storage quality, comprises the following steps：
The first step：Prepare egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid：
Dry egg shell is smashed it through into 400 mesh sieves, the water of 4 times of weight is added, adds the pepsin of 0.1% mass
(2000U/g), it is 3.5 to adjust pH, and temperature is 35 DEG C, when enzymolysis 5 is small；It is 6 that pH is adjusted after enzymolysis, addition
The drying dregs of beans of 5% mass inoculated plant lactobacillus (Llactobacillus plantarum) after mixing, inoculum concentration is
1%, it ferments 3 days under the conditions of 37 DEG C, fermentation ends obtain egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid.
Second step：Prepare kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid：
The water that Fresh Laminaria Japonica is added in 8 times of quality smashs into kelp slurry to pieces, and it is 6.0 to adjust kelp slurry pH, adds in kelp
Cellulase (1800U/g), 0.8% pectase (2000U/g), 1.2% papain of slurry quality 0.2%
(2200U/g) and 1.0% zytase (1800U/g), enzymolysis 4 is small under the conditions of 50 DEG C of bath temperatures after mixing
When；Pediococcus pentosaceus (Pediococcus pentosaceus), inoculum concentration 2%, 37 DEG C of conditions are inoculated with after enzymolysis
Lower fermentation 4 days, fermentation ends obtain kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid.
3rd step：Prepare cattle and sheep manure fermentation material：
Calcium carbonate is added in cattle and sheep feed, additive amount is counted as 100mg/kg using Ca, collects the feed of the addition calcium carbonate
Cattle and sheep excrement material is obtained under nursing, the C/N ratios for adjusting cattle and sheep excrement are 28:1, it is 65% that addition water, which adjusts moisture, inoculation
Trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride) and aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) ferment, and inoculum concentration is respectively
1.5% and 1%, fermentation time is 20 days, and once, fermentation ends obtain cattle and sheep manure fermentation material for every turning in 3 days.
4th step：By egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material, kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material and cattle and sheep manure fermentation material by weight 1:3:20
Ratio mixing after be inoculated with EM bacteria agent carry out secondary fermentation, fermentation time be 5 days.
5th step：It is 18% to air-dry to moisture, crushed 40 mesh sieves, pack is sealed.
Embodiment three
A kind of preparation method for the biological organic fertilizer that can improve Fuji apple storage quality, comprises the following steps：
The first step：Prepare egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid：
Dry egg shell is smashed it through into 400 mesh sieves, the water of 3 times of weight is added, adds the pepsin of 0.1% mass
(2000U/g), it is 3.5 to adjust pH, and temperature is 35 DEG C, when enzymolysis 5 is small；It is 6 that pH is adjusted after enzymolysis, addition
The drying dregs of beans of 5% mass inoculated plant lactobacillus (Llactobacillus plantarum) after mixing, inoculum concentration is
1%, it ferments 2 days under the conditions of 37 DEG C, fermentation ends obtain egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid.
Second step：Prepare kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid：
The water that Fresh Laminaria Japonica is added in 8 times of quality smashs into kelp slurry to pieces, and it is 6.0 to adjust kelp slurry pH, adds in kelp
Cellulase (1800U/g), 0.8% pectase (2000U/g), 1.2% papain of slurry quality 0.2%
(2200U/g) and 1.0% zytase (1800U/g), enzymolysis 4 is small under the conditions of 50 DEG C of bath temperatures after mixing
When；Pediococcus pentosaceus (Pediococcus pentosaceus), inoculum concentration 2%, 37 DEG C of conditions are inoculated with after enzymolysis
Lower fermentation 3 days, fermentation ends obtain kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid.
3rd step：Prepare cattle and sheep manure fermentation material：
Calcium carbonate is added in cattle and sheep feed, additive amount is counted as 100mg/kg using Ca, collects the feed of the addition calcium carbonate
Cattle and sheep excrement material is obtained under nursing, the C/N ratios for adjusting cattle and sheep excrement are 28:1, it is 65% that addition water, which adjusts moisture, inoculation
Trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride) and aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) ferment, and inoculum concentration is respectively
1.5% and 1%, fermentation time is 20 days, and once, fermentation ends obtain cattle and sheep manure fermentation material for every turning in 3 days.
4th step：By egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material, kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material and cattle and sheep manure fermentation material by weight 1:3:20
Ratio mixing after be inoculated with EM bacteria agent carry out secondary fermentation, fermentation time be 5 days.
5th step：It is 15-18% to air-dry to moisture, crushed 40 mesh sieves, pack is sealed.
Example IV
A kind of preparation method for the biological organic fertilizer that can improve Fuji apple storage quality, comprises the following steps：
The first step：Prepare egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid：
Dry egg shell is smashed it through into 400 mesh sieves, the water of 4 times of weight is added, adds the pepsin of 0.1% mass
(2000U/g), it is 3.5 to adjust pH, and temperature is 35 DEG C, when enzymolysis 5 is small；It is 5.6 that pH is adjusted after enzymolysis, addition
The drying dregs of beans of 5% mass inoculated plant lactobacillus (Llactobacillus plantarum) after mixing, inoculum concentration is
1%, it ferments 3 days under the conditions of 37 DEG C, fermentation ends obtain egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid.
Second step：Prepare kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid：
The water that Fresh Laminaria Japonica is added in 7-8 times of quality smashs into kelp slurry to pieces, and it is 6.0 to adjust kelp slurry pH, adds in sea
Cellulase (1800U/g), 0.8% pectase (2000U/g), 1.2% papain with slurry quality 0.2%
(2200U/g) and 1.0% zytase (1800U/g), enzymolysis 3 is small under the conditions of 50 DEG C of bath temperatures after mixing
When；Pediococcus pentosaceus (Pediococcus pentosaceus), inoculum concentration 2%, 37 DEG C of conditions are inoculated with after enzymolysis
Lower fermentation 4 days, fermentation ends obtain kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid.
3rd step：Prepare cattle and sheep manure fermentation material：
Calcium carbonate is added in cattle and sheep feed, additive amount is counted as 100mg/kg using Ca, collects the feed of the addition calcium carbonate
Cattle and sheep excrement material is obtained under nursing, the C/N ratios for adjusting cattle and sheep excrement are 28:1, it is 65% that addition water, which adjusts moisture, inoculation
Trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride) and aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) ferment, and inoculum concentration is respectively
1.5% and 1%, fermentation time is 20 days, and once, fermentation ends obtain cattle and sheep manure fermentation material for every turning in 3 days.
4th step：By egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material, kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material and cattle and sheep manure fermentation material by weight 1:3:20
Ratio mixing after be inoculated with EM bacteria agent carry out secondary fermentation, fermentation time be 3 days.
5th step：It is 16% to air-dry to moisture, crushed 40 mesh sieves, pack is sealed.
Embodiment one to four is described to add adding for lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae and EM bacteria agent
Dosage with living bacteria count gauge, wherein EM bacteria agent number of viable >=10,000,000,000/gram, remaining microbial inoculum number of viable >=500,000,000/gram.
It is used after purchase according to the specification application method, additive amount is converted into the addition of living bacteria count amount, such as the EM bacterium of purchase
Agent number of viable >=20,000,000,000/gram, then effective viable bacteria content of the high vigor bacteria preparation is 2 times of 10,000,000,000/gram EM bacteria preparations, then
Its additive amount is 0.5 times of 10,000,000,000/gram EM bacteria preparations.
Planting experiment
Test place：Baoji, Shaanxi province city apple orchard, the ground belong to continental semi-moist monsoon climate, average temperature of the whole year
It 12.4 DEG C, average annual precipitation 592mm, focuses mostly in 7,8,9 three month.Experimental field management level is higher, growth period not into
Row is irrigated, and for examination soil to hug soil, soil nutrient status is shown in Table one.
Test Fuji apple：1O is raw, and Fuji apple downgrades apple tree, 0.6 hectare, planting density 2m × 3m of orchard area, growing way
It is basically identical.
Experimental design：6 experimental groups are set altogether, and each experimental group chooses 6 plants of apple trees, isolation is set between each processing group
Number, random district's groups arrangement.
4 processing groups：Respectively Fuji apple storage quality can be improved to what cubic method was prepared using embodiment one
Biological organic fertilizer, every plant of usage amount is 5-7 kilograms, is applied before spring fruits and vegetables rudiment, be denoted as respectively processing group one, two, three,
Four.
2 control groups：Respectively biological organic fertilizer, amount of application and method of administration ginseng can be used using the Fuji apple bought on the market
According to product description, control group one, two is denoted as respectively.
After harvesting apple, first count strain yield and single fruit weight, statistical result are shown in Table two；Then 100 sizes of every group of selection
Uniformly, the subcircular fruit of no disease and pests harm and machinery wound is placed on 2 DEG C of temperature, is stored in the refrigerator of relative humidity 90%~95%,
After test period 100d using 2,6 dichlorophenol indophenol titration measuring Vitamin C content, with CY-1 type hardness testers meter measure pulp it is hard
Degree, hand-held saccharous detector measure soluble solid content, fehling reagent direct titrimetric method measures content of reducing sugar, acid-base titration
Measure titratable acid content, rotting rate (decayed fruit number/total fruit number * 100%), weight-loss ratio ((before storage-after storage)/* before storage
100%), colorimetry of carbazole measures soluble pectin content, and statistical result is shown in Table three.
Table one：Planting experiment soil nutrient status
Table two：Red fuji apple strain yield and single fruit weight in planting experiment
| Strain yield (KG) | Single fruit weight (g) | |
| Processing group one | 30.58±1.52 | 207.48±12.52 |
| Processing group two | 35.23±2.29 | 225.86±10.47 |
| Processing group three | 36.97±2.36 | 231.41±11.69 |
| Processing group four | 33.44±2.47 | 234.06±10.25 |
| Control group one | 26.47±3.64 | 185.63±16.58 |
| Control group two | 22.81±4.05 | 167.49±15.46 |
Data are represented in a manner of average ± variance, according to comparing result, are prepared using the method for the present invention
The biological organic fertilizer of Fuji apple storage quality can be improved, plant yield and single fruit weight, and single fruit weight fruit can be effectively improved
Real size more stable homogeneous is conducive to improve the economic benefit of plantation red fuji apple.
Table three：The comparative result of fruit quality after storing 100 days
Data are represented in a manner of average ± variance, according to comparing result, are prepared using the method for the present invention
The biological organic fertilizer of Fuji apple storage quality can be improved, when storing 100 days, more common biology has fruit quality
The red fuji apple that machine fertilizer plantation obtains has more excellent quality, and soluble pectin content is low, soluble solid contains
Amount and content of reducing sugar and titratable acid content are all high, have good storage quality.
Table four：The comparative result of fruit quality after storing 100 days
Data are represented in a manner of average ± variance, according to comparing result, are prepared using the method for the present invention
The biological organic fertilizer of Fuji apple storage quality can be improved, when storing 100 days, fruit quality relatively has using common biology
The Fuji apple quality planted in machine fertilizer is more excellent, has good storage quality, can improve Fuji apple kind well
The economic benefit of plant.
More than content is only the better embodiment of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the present invention
Thought, there will be changes, this specification content should not be construed as to this hair in specific embodiments and applications
Bright limitation.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of preparation method for the biological organic fertilizer that can improve Fuji apple storage quality, which is characterized in that including following
Step：
The first step：Prepare egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid；
Second step：Prepare kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid；
3rd step：Prepare cattle and sheep manure fermentation material；
4th step：EM bacteria agent is inoculated with after egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material, kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material and cattle and sheep manure fermentation material are mixed
Secondary fermentation；
5th step：It air-dries and crushes pack preservation；
Wherein, the preparation process of the first step egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid is：
Dry egg shell is smashed it through into 400 mesh sieves, adds the water of 3-4 times of weight, the enzyme activity of 0.1% mass of addition is
The pepsin of 2000U/g, it is 3.5 to adjust pH, and temperature is 35 DEG C, when enzymolysis 5 is small；PH is adjusted after enzymolysis is
5.6-6 adds the drying dregs of beans inoculated plant lactobacillus after mixing of 5% mass, inoculum concentration 1%, under the conditions of 37 DEG C
Fermentation 2-3 days, fermentation ends obtain egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid；
The preparation process of the second step kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid is：
The water that Fresh Laminaria Japonica is added in 7-8 times of quality smashs into kelp slurry to pieces, and it is 6.0 to adjust kelp slurry pH, adds in kelp paste
The enzyme activity of weight 0.2% is 1800U/g cellulases, 0.8% enzyme activity is 2000U/g pectases, 1.2% enzyme activity
Power is 2200U/g papains and 1.0% 1800U/g enzyme activities are zytase, after mixing in 50 DEG C of water-bath temperature
When enzymolysis 3-4 is small under the conditions of degree；Pediococcus pentosaceus, inoculum concentration 2% are inoculated with after enzymolysis, 37 DEG C of conditions issue
Ferment 3-4 days, fermentation ends obtain kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid；
The preparation process of cattle and sheep manure fermentation material is in 3rd step：
Calcium carbonate is added in cattle and sheep feed, additive amount is counted as 100mg/kg using Ca, collects the forage feed of the addition calcium carbonate
Under obtain cattle and sheep excrement material, the C/N ratios for adjusting cattle and sheep excrement are 28:1, it is 65% that addition water, which adjusts moisture, inoculation green
Trichoderma and aspergillus oryzae ferment, and inoculum concentration is respectively 1.5% and 1%, and fermentation time is 20 days, and every turning in 3 days once, is fermented
End obtains cattle and sheep manure fermentation material；
By egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material, kelp enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material and cattle and sheep manure fermentation material by weight 1 in 4th step:3:20
Ratio mixing after be inoculated with EM bacteria agent carry out secondary fermentation, fermentation time be 3-5 days；
It is 15-18% to be air-dried after the completion of secondary fermentation to moisture in 5th step, crushed 40 mesh sieves, and pack sealing is protected
It deposits；
The additive amount for adding lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Trichoderma viride, aspergillus oryzae and EM bacteria agent is with effective viable bacteria
Quantity meter, wherein EM bacteria agent number of viable >=10,000,000,000/gram, remaining microbial inoculum number of viable >=500,000,000/gram.
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| CN1237566A (en) * | 1999-06-16 | 1999-12-08 | 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所 | Preparation method of biological calcium fertilizer |
| CN102295494A (en) * | 2011-06-13 | 2011-12-28 | 北京融青生态农业有限公司 | Melon-bean fermentation broth, fermentation fertilizer and its preparation method |
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| CN1237566A (en) * | 1999-06-16 | 1999-12-08 | 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所 | Preparation method of biological calcium fertilizer |
| CN102295494A (en) * | 2011-06-13 | 2011-12-28 | 北京融青生态农业有限公司 | Melon-bean fermentation broth, fermentation fertilizer and its preparation method |
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