CN104817366A - Preparation method of biological organic fertilizer for improving storage quality of Fuji apples - Google Patents
Preparation method of biological organic fertilizer for improving storage quality of Fuji apples Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a biological organic fertilizer for improving the storage quality of Fuji apples. The method comprises the following steps: 1, preparing an egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis broth; 2, preparing a sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis broth; 3, preparing a fermented cow and sheep dung material; 4, mixing the egg shell enzymatic hydrolysis broth, the sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis broth and the fermented cow and sheep dung material, inoculating an EM inoculant, and carrying out secondary fermentation; and 5, air-drying, crushing, and carrying out bagging preservation. The biological organic fertilizer obtained through respective fermentation of various organic raw materials, mixing and secondary fermentation contains comprehensive and abundant nutrition, is rich in calcium ions, micro and trace elements and beneficial microbes, can meet the growth demands of Fuji apples, improves the output and quality, improves the soil quality, improves the economic and ecologic benefits of plantation, especially improves the storage quality of Fuji apples, prolongs the storage time, and has wide popularization values.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to agricultural fertilizer field, particularly relate to a kind of preparation method of biological organic fertilizer, be specially a kind of preparation method that can improve the biological organic fertilizer of Fuji apple storage quality.
Background technology:
Containing abundant nutritive ingredient in apple, rank first of the large fruit of China four.The nutritive value of Fuji apple is very remarkable, measure according to the Ministry of Agriculture, Fruits of Red Fuji Apple reaches 17.2% containing soluble solid, titratable acid 0.25%, sugar-acid ratio 47:56, every hectogram pulp contains VC4.41 milligram, but also containing the nutritive substance that the human body such as carotene, fat, protein, Ca, Fe needs.Along with the development of Apple Industry, current Fuji apple is the maximum apple variety of China's cultivated area, and output accounts for 60.4% of China's apple ultimate production.One of fruit that Fuji apple is widely liked as human consumer, quality, local flavor, nutrition account for absolute advantage, and the health of people is also closely bound up.
Apple Fruit Quality comprises exterior quality, interior quality, storage quality and processing quality.After apple is gathered, due to storage practice is improper or postharvest handling not in time, loss is huge.China's fruit is adopted rear rate of loss and is reached 20%-25% every year on average, and the rate of loss of developed country controls at 1.7%-5.0%.Preservation and freshness is the final tache in production of fruit trees, is also the prerequisite improving fruit industry economic benefit, meet the need of market.
Chinese scholars conducts extensive research apple post-harvest physiology and storage technique aspect, and result of study shows, the fresh-keeping main impact by many factors such as kind, harvest maturity, reserve temperature, ambient moisture and gaseous constituents of Apples.Three kinds of modes are mainly taked to preserve in current China apple production, i.e. room temperature storage, low temperature storage and storage in controlled atmosphere.Apple producing region, utilize the room temperature storage of natural cooling source to be the major way of current Apples, storage capacity accounts for more than 70% of the total storage capacity of apple; Utilize mechanically refrigerated low temperature storage, development in recent years is rapid, and storage capacity accounts for 20% of the total storage capacity of apple; Storage in controlled atmosphere is the go-go storage technique of apple, and in developed country, the apple of more than 60% adopts storage in controlled atmosphere, and China's storage in controlled atmosphere facility capacity is not enough, only accounts for 5% of the total storage capacity of apple.The current U.S. is in prostatitis, the world in the research of storage in controlled atmosphere theory always, and they have started to study the molecular biology mechanism of fruit storage in controlled atmosphere.Changes in gene expression in fruit under exploration controlled atmosphere storage environment, the synthesis of related enzymes, metabolism, to thoroughly understanding fully the principle of storage in controlled atmosphere.
More about the research of preservation agent, preservative film, Freshkeeping Packaging in field of fruit freshness keeping both at home and abroad, and research direction is gradually to numerous areas development such as materialogy, food chemistry, organic chemistry, genetic biology, Mechanical engineerings.Fresh keeping method by single principle research to composite square to research, the compound investigation and application of the various preservation technique such as refrigeration, MAP, green preservatives, low dose radiation process is fresh-keeping and ultraviolet is fresh-keeping, genetically engineered is international fresh-keeping fashion trend, but nobody starts with from apple cultivation process, and research organic fertilizer is on the impact of its storage quality.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is directed to prior art Problems existing, a kind of preparation method that can improve the biological organic fertilizer of Fuji apple storage quality is provided, Secondary Fermentation is mixed after being fermented respectively by multiple organic raw material, obtain comprehensive nutrition to enrich, be rich in calcium ion and multiple normal trace element and beneficial microorganism biological organic fertilizer, use the storage quality that biological organic fertilizer that the inventive method prepares can improve Fuji apple, improve the Yield and qualities of Fuji apple simultaneously, improve soil quality, there are high economic benefit and ecological benefits.
The invention provides following technical scheme:
A preparation method for the biological organic fertilizer of Fuji apple storage quality can be improved, comprise the following steps:
The first step: prepare Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid;
Second step: preparation sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid;
3rd step: preparation cattle and sheep manure fermentation material;
4th step: by inoculation EM microbial inoculum Secondary Fermentation after the mixing of Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material, sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material and cattle and sheep manure fermentation material;
5th step: air-dry pulverizing pack is preserved.
Preferably, the preparation process of described the first step Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid is:
Cross 400 mesh sieves after being pulverized by dry Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus, add the water of 3-4 times of weight, add the stomach en-(2000U/g) of 0.1% quality, regulate pH to be 3.5, temperature is 35 DEG C, enzymolysis 5 hours; It is 5.6-6 that enzymolysis terminates rear adjustment pH, and the dry dregs of beans adding 5% quality mixes rear inoculation plant lactobacillus, and inoculum size is 1%, and at 37 DEG C of condition bottom fermentation 2-3 days, fermentation ends obtains Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid.
Preferably, the preparation process of described second step sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid is:
Water Fresh Laminaria Japonica being added 7-8 times of quality smashs into sea-tangle slurry to pieces, sea-tangle slurry pH is regulated to be 6.0, add the cellulase (1800U/g) of kelp paste weight 0.2%, the polygalacturonase (2000U/g) of 0.8%, the papoid (2200U/g) of 1.2% and 1.0% zytase (1800U/g), after mixing under 50 DEG C of bath temperature conditions enzymolysis 3-4 hour; Enzymolysis terminates rear inoculation Pediococcus pentosaceus, and inoculum size is 2%, 37 DEG C of condition bottom fermentation 3-4 days, and fermentation ends obtains sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid.
Preferably, in described 3rd step, the preparation process of cattle and sheep manure fermentation material is
Calcium carbonate is added in cattle and sheep feed, in Ca addition for 100mg/kg, cattle and sheep ight soil material is obtained under collecting the forage feed of this interpolation calcium carbonate, regulate the C/N of cattle and sheep ight soil than being 28:1, add water and regulate moisture content to be 65%, inoculation viride and aspergillus oryzae ferment, inoculum size is respectively 1.5% and 1%, fermentation time is 20 days, and once, fermentation ends obtains cattle and sheep manure fermentation material in turning in every 3 days.
Preferably, in described 4th step, inoculation EM microbial inoculum after the ratio mixing of Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material, sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material and cattle and sheep manure fermentation material 1:3:20 is by weight carried out Secondary Fermentation, fermentation time is 3-5 days.
Preferably, in described 5th step, Secondary Fermentation is air-dry after completing is 15-18% to moisture content, pulverizes 40 mesh sieves, and pack sealing is preserved.
Preferably, the addition of described interpolation plant lactobacillus, Pediococcus pentosaceus, viride, aspergillus oryzae and EM microbial inoculum all with living bacteria count gauge, wherein EM microbial inoculum number of viable >=10,000,000,000/gram, all the other microbial inoculum number of viable >=500,000,000/gram.
The feature of biological organic fertilizer: 1 improves chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, and biological organic fertilizer has the effects such as fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing, greatly can improve the utilization ratio of chemical fertilizer.2 improvement soil, increase soil fertility, in biological organic fertilizer, not only organic component content enriches, in addition also containing be conducive to edatope improve probiotics.After soil application biological organic fertilizer, add the content of the nutritive substances such as the organic matter of soil, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium to a great extent, phosphorus decomposing in fertilizer, potassium solubilizing bacteria play its phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing effect in soil, phosphoric in soil and potassium element are discharged, adds the available content of mineral substances of plant in soil.On the other hand, because biological organic fertilizer is applied in soil, add the organic content in soil, make that soil becomes loose, nutrient laden, the original flora lived in soil obtains amount reproduction, thus ensure that the micro-ecological environment of soil.3 alleviate environmental pollution, and according to statistics, have 1.4 hundred million tons to be burned in the agricultural crop straw of more than 600,000,000 ton that China produces every year, the burning of stalk not only causes the waste of organic substance, also creates atmospheric pollution.These discarded stalks are used and are fermented into biological organic fertilizer, huge economic benefit and the protection of air will be produced to agricultural.Use biological organic fertilizer can improve soil quality and soil microenvironment.4 improve crop quality, and the multiple nutritional components that biological organic fertilizer is rich in imparts the special fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer, proves after deliberation, and biological organic fertilizer can improve color and luster, the quality such as mouthfeel and growth vigor of crop.5 alleviate crop pests, and one is the bacteriostatic action of biological organic fertilizer self, and two is effect of biological organic fertilizer on crops growth, antibacterial, disease-resistant promoter action.
EM bacterium (Effective Microorganisms) is made up of about 80 kinds of microorganisms, and EM bacterium is taught nineteen eighty-two by the ratio good photograph husband of university of Japanese Ryukyu and studies successfully, puts goods on the market the eighties.EM bacterium is based on 10 micro-life bacteria preparations of one belonging to more than 80 microorganisms and be composited of photosynthetic bacterium, milk-acid bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes.The mechanism of action is the competition forming EM bacterium and pathogenic micro-organism contention nutrition, due to EM bacterium very easily survival and reproduction in soil, so the ecologic niche in soil comparatively fast and stably can be occupied, form the advantage group of useful microbial bacteria, thus control the breeding of pathogenic micro-organism and the invasion and attack to crop, be the developing direction of the ecological agriculture, be more conducive to the Sustainable development of agricultural.At the beginning of the nineties at the end of the eighties, EM bacterium is widely used in the fields such as agricultural, cultivation, plantation, environmental protection by states such as Japan, Thailand, Brazil, the U.S., Indonesia, Sri Lanka, achieves obvious economic benefit and ecological benefits.
Respiration is the mark of plant vital activity, and becoming metabolic leading, is the center of postharvest fruit and vegetable vital movement, has close ties with the commodity treatment process of the physiology pathology in the change of fruit-vegetable quality, staging life, storage and fruits and vegetables.Respiration, because consuming a large amount of fruits nutrition materials, causes the decline of post-harvest fruits quality, has a strong impact on the commodity value of fruit.Climacteric is then an important indicator in fruit maturation aging course in various physiological acoustic signals, and it indicates that fruit especially transition type fruit is by the transformation of maturation to aging, indicates the beginning of the intense hydrolysis effect of reserve substance in fruit.Therefore, after generation climacteric is everlasting fruit fully matured, its fruit quality and storage performance all can reduce.The ultimate principle of preservation and freshness is exactly the respiration by utilizing storage technique to control fruit, or regulates the arriving of climacteric, thus reaches the object of extending fruit staging life.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. the inventive method mixes Secondary Fermentation after being fermented respectively by multiple organic raw material, the biological organic fertilizer comprehensive nutrition obtained enriches, be rich in calcium ion and multiple normal trace element and beneficial microorganism, Fuji apple can be met to grow demand, improve Yield and qualities, improve soil quality, improve economic benefit and the ecological benefits of plantation, the storage quality of Fuji apple can be improved especially, there is promotional value widely.
2. the present invention contains multiple effective microbe, retain the good function characteristic that general fertilizer has, can promote Fuji apple strain to nutritive element absorb and tangerine resists the pathogenic effects of some pathogenic micro-organism, alleviate the disease and pest in Fuji apple planting process, improve plantation quality and output.
3. the inventive method has opened up the new direction of red fuji apple preservation and freshness, interacted by calcium ion abundant in planting process fertilizer and multiple normal trace element and beneficial microorganism, make Fruits of Red Fuji Apple gather in the crops respiration between storage preservation period to weaken, extend preservation period, improve its storage quality, reduce the manpower and materials consumption in storage, substantially prolongs the red fuji apple Market goods shelf phase, improve economic benefit.
Embodiment:
Be described in detail embodiments of the invention below, the present embodiment is implemented under premised on invention technical scheme, give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.The experimental program of unreceipted actual conditions in embodiment, the condition that conveniently condition or manufacturers advise usually is implemented.
Embodiment one
A preparation method for the biological organic fertilizer of Fuji apple storage quality can be improved, comprise the following steps:
The first step: prepare Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid:
Cross 400 mesh sieves after being pulverized by dry Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus, add the water of 3 times of weight, add the stomach en-(2000U/g) of 0.1% quality, regulate pH to be 3.5, temperature is 35 DEG C, enzymolysis 5 hours; It is 5.6 that enzymolysis terminates rear adjustment pH, the dry dregs of beans adding 5% quality mixes rear inoculation plant lactobacillus (Llactobacillus plantarum), inoculum size is 1%, and 37 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations 2 days, fermentation ends obtained Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid.
Second step: preparation sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid:
Water Fresh Laminaria Japonica being added 7 times of quality smashs into sea-tangle slurry to pieces, sea-tangle slurry pH is regulated to be 6.0, add the cellulase (1800U/g) of kelp paste weight 0.2%, the polygalacturonase (2000U/g) of 0.8%, the papoid (2200U/g) of 1.2% and 1.0% zytase (1800U/g), enzymolysis 3 hours under 50 DEG C of bath temperature conditions after mixing; Enzymolysis terminates rear inoculation Pediococcus pentosaceus (Pediococcuspentosaceus), and inoculum size is 2%, 37 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations 3 days, and fermentation ends obtains sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid.
3rd step: preparation cattle and sheep manure fermentation material:
Calcium carbonate is added in cattle and sheep feed, in Ca addition for 100mg/kg, cattle and sheep ight soil material is obtained under collecting the forage feed of this interpolation calcium carbonate, regulate the C/N of cattle and sheep ight soil than being 28:1, adding water regulates moisture content to be 65%, inoculation viride (Trichoderma viride) and aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillusoryzae) ferment, inoculum size is respectively 1.5% and 1%, fermentation time is 20 days, once, fermentation ends obtains cattle and sheep manure fermentation material in turning in every 3 days.
4th step: inoculation EM microbial inoculum after the ratio mixing of Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material, sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material and cattle and sheep manure fermentation material 1:3:20 is by weight carried out Secondary Fermentation, and fermentation time is 3 days.
5th step: air-dry is 15% to moisture content, pulverizes 40 mesh sieves, pack sealing is preserved.
Embodiment two
A preparation method for the biological organic fertilizer of Fuji apple storage quality can be improved, comprise the following steps:
The first step: prepare Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid:
Cross 400 mesh sieves after being pulverized by dry Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus, add the water of 4 times of weight, add the stomach en-(2000U/g) of 0.1% quality, regulate pH to be 3.5, temperature is 35 DEG C, enzymolysis 5 hours; It is 6 that enzymolysis terminates rear adjustment pH, the dry dregs of beans adding 5% quality mixes rear inoculation plant lactobacillus (Llactobacillus plantarum), inoculum size is 1%, and 37 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations 3 days, fermentation ends obtained Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid.
Second step: preparation sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid:
Water Fresh Laminaria Japonica being added 8 times of quality smashs into sea-tangle slurry to pieces, sea-tangle slurry pH is regulated to be 6.0, add the cellulase (1800U/g) of kelp paste weight 0.2%, the polygalacturonase (2000U/g) of 0.8%, the papoid (2200U/g) of 1.2% and 1.0% zytase (1800U/g), enzymolysis 4 hours under 50 DEG C of bath temperature conditions after mixing; Enzymolysis terminates rear inoculation Pediococcus pentosaceus (Pediococcuspentosaceus), and inoculum size is 2%, 37 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations 4 days, and fermentation ends obtains sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid.
3rd step: preparation cattle and sheep manure fermentation material:
Calcium carbonate is added in cattle and sheep feed, in Ca addition for 100mg/kg, cattle and sheep ight soil material is obtained under collecting the forage feed of this interpolation calcium carbonate, regulate the C/N of cattle and sheep ight soil than being 28:1, adding water regulates moisture content to be 65%, inoculation viride (Trichoderma viride) and aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillusoryzae) ferment, inoculum size is respectively 1.5% and 1%, fermentation time is 20 days, once, fermentation ends obtains cattle and sheep manure fermentation material in turning in every 3 days.
4th step: inoculation EM microbial inoculum after the ratio mixing of Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material, sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material and cattle and sheep manure fermentation material 1:3:20 is by weight carried out Secondary Fermentation, and fermentation time is 5 days.
5th step: air-dry is 18% to moisture content, pulverizes 40 mesh sieves, pack sealing is preserved.
Embodiment three
A preparation method for the biological organic fertilizer of Fuji apple storage quality can be improved, comprise the following steps:
The first step: prepare Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid:
Cross 400 mesh sieves after being pulverized by dry Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus, add the water of 3 times of weight, add the stomach en-(2000U/g) of 0.1% quality, regulate pH to be 3.5, temperature is 35 DEG C, enzymolysis 5 hours; It is 6 that enzymolysis terminates rear adjustment pH, the dry dregs of beans adding 5% quality mixes rear inoculation plant lactobacillus (Llactobacillus plantarum), inoculum size is 1%, and 37 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations 2 days, fermentation ends obtained Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid.
Second step: preparation sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid:
Water Fresh Laminaria Japonica being added 8 times of quality smashs into sea-tangle slurry to pieces, sea-tangle slurry pH is regulated to be 6.0, add the cellulase (1800U/g) of kelp paste weight 0.2%, the polygalacturonase (2000U/g) of 0.8%, the papoid (2200U/g) of 1.2% and 1.0% zytase (1800U/g), enzymolysis 4 hours under 50 DEG C of bath temperature conditions after mixing; Enzymolysis terminates rear inoculation Pediococcus pentosaceus (Pediococcuspentosaceus), and inoculum size is 2%, 37 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations 3 days, and fermentation ends obtains sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid.
3rd step: preparation cattle and sheep manure fermentation material:
Calcium carbonate is added in cattle and sheep feed, in Ca addition for 100mg/kg, cattle and sheep ight soil material is obtained under collecting the forage feed of this interpolation calcium carbonate, regulate the C/N of cattle and sheep ight soil than being 28:1, adding water regulates moisture content to be 65%, inoculation viride (Trichoderma viride) and aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillusoryzae) ferment, inoculum size is respectively 1.5% and 1%, fermentation time is 20 days, once, fermentation ends obtains cattle and sheep manure fermentation material in turning in every 3 days.
4th step: inoculation EM microbial inoculum after the ratio mixing of Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material, sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material and cattle and sheep manure fermentation material 1:3:20 is by weight carried out Secondary Fermentation, and fermentation time is 5 days.
5th step: air-dry is 15-18% to moisture content, pulverizes 40 mesh sieves, pack sealing is preserved.
Embodiment four
A preparation method for the biological organic fertilizer of Fuji apple storage quality can be improved, comprise the following steps:
The first step: prepare Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid:
Cross 400 mesh sieves after being pulverized by dry Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus, add the water of 4 times of weight, add the stomach en-(2000U/g) of 0.1% quality, regulate pH to be 3.5, temperature is 35 DEG C, enzymolysis 5 hours; It is 5.6 that enzymolysis terminates rear adjustment pH, the dry dregs of beans adding 5% quality mixes rear inoculation plant lactobacillus (Llactobacillus plantarum), inoculum size is 1%, and 37 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations 3 days, fermentation ends obtained Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid.
Second step: preparation sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid:
Water Fresh Laminaria Japonica being added 7-8 times of quality smashs into sea-tangle slurry to pieces, sea-tangle slurry pH is regulated to be 6.0, add the cellulase (1800U/g) of kelp paste weight 0.2%, the polygalacturonase (2000U/g) of 0.8%, the papoid (2200U/g) of 1.2% and 1.0% zytase (1800U/g), enzymolysis 3 hours under 50 DEG C of bath temperature conditions after mixing; Enzymolysis terminates rear inoculation Pediococcus pentosaceus (Pediococcuspentosaceus), and inoculum size is 2%, 37 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations 4 days, and fermentation ends obtains sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid.
3rd step: preparation cattle and sheep manure fermentation material:
Calcium carbonate is added in cattle and sheep feed, in Ca addition for 100mg/kg, cattle and sheep ight soil material is obtained under collecting the forage feed of this interpolation calcium carbonate, regulate the C/N of cattle and sheep ight soil than being 28:1, adding water regulates moisture content to be 65%, inoculation viride (Trichoderma viride) and aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillusoryzae) ferment, inoculum size is respectively 1.5% and 1%, fermentation time is 20 days, once, fermentation ends obtains cattle and sheep manure fermentation material in turning in every 3 days.
4th step: inoculation EM microbial inoculum after the ratio mixing of Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material, sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material and cattle and sheep manure fermentation material 1:3:20 is by weight carried out Secondary Fermentation, and fermentation time is 3 days.
5th step: air-dry is 16% to moisture content, pulverizes 40 mesh sieves, pack sealing is preserved.
Add described in embodiment one to four plant lactobacillus, Pediococcus pentosaceus, viride, aspergillus oryzae and EM microbial inoculum addition all with living bacteria count gauge, wherein EM microbial inoculum number of viable >=10,000,000,000/gram, all the other microbial inoculum number of viable >=500,000,000/gram.Use according to described specification sheets using method after purchase, addition is converted into living bacteria count amount to be added, EM microbial inoculum number of viable >=20,000,000,000 such as bought/gram, then effective viable bacteria content of this high vigor bacteria preparation is 2 times of 10,000,000,000/gram EM bacteria preparation, then its addition is 0.5 times of 10,000,000,000/gram EM bacteria preparation.
Planting experiment
Experiment place: apple orchard, Baoji, Shaanxi province city, this ground belongs to continental half moistening monsoon climate, and average temperature of the whole year 12.4 DEG C, average annual precipitation 592mm, focused mostly in 7,8,9 three month.Experimental field level of management are higher, and growing period is irrigated, and for examination soil for hugging soil, soil nutrient status is in table one.
Experiment Fuji apple: 1O is raw, and Fuji apple downgrades apple tree, and orchard area 0.6 hectare, planting density 2m × 3m, growing way is basically identical.
Experimental design: arrange 6 experimental group altogether, each experimental group chooses 6 strain apple trees, arranges isolation number between each treatment group, and random district group arranges.
4 treatment group: use the biological organic fertilizer that can improve Fuji apple storage quality that embodiment one prepares to cubic method respectively, every strain usage quantity is 5-7 kilogram, and spring uses before fruits and vegetables rudiment, is denoted as treatment group one, two, three, four respectively.
2 control groups: use the Fuji apple's applicable biological fertilizer bought on the market respectively, amount of application and application process, with reference to product description, are denoted as control group one, two respectively.
After results apple, first add up strain output and single fruit weight, statistics is in table two, then often group to choose 100 sizes even, subcircular fruit without disease and pest and mechanical injury is placed on temperature 2 DEG C, preserve in the refrigerator of relative humidity 90% ~ 95%, 2 are adopted after test period 100d, 6-dichloroindophenol titration measuring Vitamin C content, flesh firmness is determined with the measurement of CY-1 type hardness tester, hand-held saccharous detector measures soluble solid content, fehling reagent direct titrimetric method measures reducing sugar content, determination of acid-basetitration titratable acid content, rotting rate (decayed fruit number/total fruit number * 100%), rate of weight loss ((before storage-storage is rear)/storage front * 100%), colorimetry of carbazole measures soluble pectin content, statistics is in table three.
Table one: planting experiment soil nutrient status
Table two: red fuji apple strain output and single fruit weight in planting experiment
| Strain output (KG) | Single fruit weight (g) | |
| Treatment group one | 30.58±1.52 | 207.48±12.52 |
| Treatment group two | 35.23±2.29 | 225.86±10.47 |
| Treatment group three | 36.97±2.36 | 231.41±11.69 |
| Treatment group four | 33.44±2.47 | 234.06±10.25 |
| Control group one | 26.47±3.64 | 185.63±16.58 |
| Control group two | 22.81±4.05 | 167.49±15.46 |
Data all represent in the mode of mean number ± variance, according to comparing result, use the biological organic fertilizer that can improve Fuji apple storage quality that the inventive method prepares, can effectively improve strain output and single fruit weight, and single fruit weight fruit size stable homogeneous more, is conducive to the economic benefit improving plantation red fuji apple.
Table three: the comparative result preserving fruit quality after 100 days
Data all represent in the mode of mean number ± variance, according to comparing result, use the biological organic fertilizer that can improve Fuji apple storage quality that the inventive method prepares, when preserving 100 days, fruit quality more on the market ordinary student organic fertilizer is planted the red fuji apple obtained and is had more excellent quality, its soluble pectin content is low, soluble solid content and reducing sugar content and titratable acid content all high, there is good storage quality.
Table four: the comparative result preserving fruit quality after 100 days
Data all represent in the mode of mean number ± variance, according to comparing result, use the biological organic fertilizer that can improve Fuji apple storage quality that the inventive method prepares, when preserving 100 days, its fruit quality comparatively uses in ordinary student organic fertilizer that to plant the Fuji apple quality obtained more excellent, there is good storage quality, the economic benefit of Fuji apple plantation can be improved well.
Above content is only better embodiment of the present invention, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, all will change in specific embodiments and applications, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. can improve a preparation method for the biological organic fertilizer of Fuji apple storage quality, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
The first step: prepare Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid;
Second step: preparation sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid;
3rd step: preparation cattle and sheep manure fermentation material;
4th step: by inoculation EM microbial inoculum Secondary Fermentation after the mixing of Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material, sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material and cattle and sheep manure fermentation material;
5th step: air-dry pulverizing pack is preserved.
2. a kind of preparation method that can improve the biological organic fertilizer of Fuji apple storage quality according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the preparation process of described the first step Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid is:
Cross 400 mesh sieves after being pulverized by dry Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus, add the water of 3-4 times of weight, add the stomach en-(2000U/g) of 0.1% quality, regulate pH to be 3.5, temperature is 35 DEG C, enzymolysis 5 hours; It is 5.6-6 that enzymolysis terminates rear adjustment pH, and the dry dregs of beans adding 5% quality mixes rear inoculation plant lactobacillus, and inoculum size is 1%, and at 37 DEG C of condition bottom fermentation 2-3 days, fermentation ends obtains Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid.
3. a kind of preparation method that can improve the biological organic fertilizer of Fuji apple storage quality according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the preparation process of described second step sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid is:
Water Fresh Laminaria Japonica being added 7-8 times of quality smashs into sea-tangle slurry to pieces, sea-tangle slurry pH is regulated to be 6.0, add the cellulase (1800U/g) of kelp paste weight 0.2%, the polygalacturonase (2000U/g) of 0.8%, the papoid (2200U/g) of 1.2% and 1.0% zytase (1800U/g), after mixing under 50 DEG C of bath temperature conditions enzymolysis 3-4 hour; Enzymolysis terminates rear inoculation Pediococcus pentosaceus, and inoculum size is 2%, 37 DEG C of condition bottom fermentation 3-4 days, and fermentation ends obtains sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation liquid.
4. a kind of preparation method that can improve the biological organic fertilizer of Fuji apple storage quality according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described 3rd step, the preparation process of cattle and sheep manure fermentation material is:
Calcium carbonate is added in cattle and sheep feed, in Ca addition for 100mg/kg, cattle and sheep ight soil material is obtained under collecting the forage feed of this interpolation calcium carbonate, regulate the C/N of cattle and sheep ight soil than being 28:1, add water and regulate moisture content to be 65%, inoculation viride and aspergillus oryzae ferment, inoculum size is respectively 1.5% and 1%, fermentation time is 20 days, and once, fermentation ends obtains cattle and sheep manure fermentation material in turning in every 3 days.
5. a kind of preparation method that can improve the biological organic fertilizer of Fuji apple storage quality according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described 4th step, inoculation EM microbial inoculum after the ratio mixing of Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material, sea-tangle enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation material and cattle and sheep manure fermentation material 1:3:20 is by weight carried out Secondary Fermentation, fermentation time is 3-5 days.
6. a kind of preparation method that can improve the biological organic fertilizer of Fuji apple storage quality according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described 5th step Secondary Fermentation after completing air-dry to moisture content be 15-18%, pulverized 40 mesh sieves, pack sealing is preserved.
7. according to a kind of preparation method that can improve the biological organic fertilizer of Fuji apple storage quality one of claim 1 to 6 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that: the addition of described interpolation plant lactobacillus, Pediococcus pentosaceus, viride, aspergillus oryzae and EM microbial inoculum is all with living bacteria count gauge, wherein EM microbial inoculum number of viable >=10,000,000,000/gram, all the other microbial inoculum number of viable >=500,000,000/gram.
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