CN104816470B - 铆接方法，铆接工具，铆接配件和气囊组件 - Google Patents

铆接方法，铆接工具，铆接配件和气囊组件 Download PDF

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CN104816470B
CN104816470B CN201510056248.4A CN201510056248A CN104816470B CN 104816470 B CN104816470 B CN 104816470B CN 201510056248 A CN201510056248 A CN 201510056248A CN 104816470 B CN104816470 B CN 104816470B
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rivet
force
clinching method
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CN104816470A (zh
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约瑟夫·埃德尔
迈克尔·洛伦兹
安德里亚斯·丹德尔
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Kiefel GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81463—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
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    • B60R21/20—Arrangements for storing inflatable members in their non-use or deflated condition; Arrangement or mounting of air bag modules or components
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/04—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring elastic deformation of gauges, e.g. of springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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Abstract

本发明涉及铆接方法，特别是汽车的组件、铆接工具，铆接配件和气囊组件。在现有技术中，尤其是在汽车行业中可变形的塑料铆钉的作用已被充分的认识和证明。上述发明表明，铆钉工具上铆钉压模的铆接力可以被单独记录总结。一方面铆接力的测量值能用于质量保证和记录。另一方面，凭借确定的测量值以及相关组件光学和技术上的特性可以优化设定每个铆钉压模的铆接力。

Description

铆接方法，铆接工具，铆接配件和气囊组件
技术领域
本发明涉及铆接方法，铆接工具，铆接配件和气囊组件。
背景技术
塑料铆钉很早就被广泛用于与其高度相关的汽车制造领域：铆接时需将铆接部分安装在组件上。为此将可变形塑料铆钉装置于组件上，此塑料铆钉为最简单圆柱形，并且与组件相分离。在理想的情况下可弯曲成为直角，但仍保持与组件或此处所安装的塑料部分一体。
铆钉头部下方的凹槽或边角用于固定铆接部件。铆钉从头部区域即它的自由端起借助铆钉模塑性变形，例如将其顶端压平形成蘑菇状。通过铆钉压模变形可将铆接部分固定在组件上。
一种非常成熟的铆接方法是由DE10038158 B4所公开：将铆钉压模固定在一个流体导向管中。套筒的起始位置即是铆钉上方的铆钉压模，该铆钉在空心处突起于铆接部分。首先将套筒放置在铆钉周围，利用热气流穿过套筒预热并旋转铆钉。以这种方式预热的铆钉随后与加热的铆钉压模一起变形。然后关闭在铆钉压模中的加热器并向套筒中注入强烈的冷空气，使铆钉压模和铆钉被冷却。冷却后，将铆钉压模与套筒向上拔起。这样才将压板，在理想状况下可将在套筒中塑形和铆接的部分同时取出。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提升该项技术水平或提供备选方案。
这一发明一方面是借助塑性压模的塑料铆钉实现铆接程序，即在塑料铆钉铆接于组件，尤其是机动车辆的部件前将其装置其中，并在模具施加的铆接力下将铆钉变形并借此将铆接部分固定在组件上，这种处理方法的标志特征就是铆钉压模配备了铆接力测量器并可测量铆接力。
概念上可以解释如下：
需明确指出，本专利申请中出现的不定冠词和数词“1”，“2”等，通常理解为最低规格。而“至少一个......”，“至少两个......”等，除在特定上下文中有直接或间接地其他规定之外，或在专业人士看来是显然的，都代表“恰好一个......”“恰好两个......”。
“汽车组件”，是一种通常所理解主要用于使用的发明，其既可以是一个技术，或者一个装饰部件。其可能是特定的汽车内护板，特别是层压组件，带皮革粒的蒙皮；本发明的特别指出技术即是以这种方式将其铆接在相关的安全部件上，特别是在内部或下方隐蔽的气囊上。
此“铆钉压模”属于通过直接的物理接触对铆钉进行变形的工具装置一部分，其通过精确的在突起铆钉上装置压模工具，从而强行使铆钉变形。
铆接力的测量应该通过“铆接力测量器”完成。这意味着在铆接过程中至少应测量一个力或一个方向的力。
例如可以是测量在铆接过程中产生的最大力。铆钉压模与铆钉接触前，从铆钉压模取出变形的铆钉后，除了作用在它自身重力的力，没有任何压力。从铆钉压模接触铆钉开始到从铆钉压模中取出变形的铆钉这段时间存在一种铆接力。比如可以把这段时间内所测量到的力量最大值作为“铆接力”。
预定的备用或累积的解决方案是在铆接过程中确定多个离散值或是实行连续性测量。
而当最大值，特别是某种材料风险出现时，可以通过控制针对变形铆钉的分子质量的铆接力来应对。
因此现今的技术水平已经意识到这样的危险，铆钉因为铆接力过大要么会断裂，要么就是所谓的“通过端”即被视为已成型。因为汽车的一些特定组件在铆接时通常已经具有极高的值，这项发明则可为避免损害提供最大安全保障。
大量的铆钉压模被优先装置于工具之上，并且所有铆钉压模中至少有两个的铆接力应优先测量。
用于铆接的工具通常设有多个铆接点，例如，用于连接汽车组件内饰与底层由塑料或金属构成的结构。特别是连接两个相对平坦的部分，大多数铆钉被设置在平坦部分的边缘。
通过对铆接力的个别测量可以得出铆钉个别的特性，比如可以在“通过端”背后的灵敏位置装置铆钉，但是无安全功能，安装和变形使用较低铆接力。相反，连接件要么可以连接“通过端”背后不灵敏区域，要么可以根据机械重要性连接较高铆接力。
可设想的涉及安全组件的目标就是，用该方法将铆钉装置在裂解槽。
“裂解槽”是对组件和铆接部分连接的一种结构弱化，优先通过铆钉自身结构如铆钉的横切面弱化造成的。裂解槽也可以通过用特定的铆接力铆接实现，用这种方法仅造成铆钉的轻微变形，以至于铆接部分只须轻微调整变形的铆钉来从组件中脱离；或者是用特别大的铆接力使铆钉变形，以至于松开施于用于变形铆钉的铆接组件上的力量时其很容易被折断；或者是极快或极慢的对脆性材料铆钉进行变形，导致其在应用切力和拉力时被破坏。
不管是否存在裂解槽，铆接力都可被记录。这为已安装的铆钉提供了质量保证，特别是大量在连接处的铆钉。
铆钉可被装置在汽车中用于爆裂的线缝，特别是安全气囊线缝。对于这样的线缝，铆钉或是大量铆钉在预先施加的力量下弯曲就具有重要意义，例如，确保触发安全气囊撕开线缝或汽车内护板及外部蒙皮部分，从而保护司机或乘客安全逃出。
已经明确的是，汽车零件在铆接时通常已经具有相当高的预加工等级并显示了相当高的值。当已经存在蒙皮或装置了如扬声器格栅，扬声器，门把手，灯，阀，隔层和/或操作按钮等部件时，这种高级特别容易识别。
在发明者针对汽车组件的样品试验中，已经证明了铆接力小于500N是比较有利的，特别是小于300N，最优为200N左右。
如果确定了可接受的最大铆接力，建议记录并且最好自动设定不超过最大铆接力。
“最大铆接力”在程序中主要以这种方式应用，该程序用于工具之上的控制器或用来支撑工具的设备及装置，此控制器可充当数据存储器，而最大铆接力要么笼统的将所有铆钉数据存储其中中，要么单独的将一个铆钉储存在数据存储器中。该力既可以设置在设备上方，也可以由用户确定或直接输入。
记录结果没有超过最大铆接力，首先对于安全组件有重要意义。汽车生产商或汽车供应商可以这种方式保证安全组件，特别是线缝开裂的安全气囊组件，在紧急情况时能够实际发挥安全气囊的功能。
当超过最大铆接力时，优先采取暂停铆接。
“暂停”可以停止压模并且让压模不再进入铆钉，以使铆钉保持变形状态使用，组件仍能正常使用。例如，它可以应用于光学或辅助设备的个别研究；而其他方案在超过最大铆接力时，将被自动成为废品。
已经明确的是，铆钉的最大铆接力可以单独设定，例如，从铆钉到铆钉，塑料配件到塑料配件。同样屋内温度也可能有助于最大铆接力的变动调准。
因此，我们认为，如果在前面的步骤中，最大铆接力被认定是对铆钉安装有利的，例如在铆钉测试特别是一系列的铆钉测试过程中采用目视检测的方法，或将铆接力用于铆钉测试程序，如可以用于机械步骤，或者手动设置。
因此要让有经验的用户操作以免受到组件带来的视觉伤害。如果用户在“通过端”可能被穿透时，整体减少用于铆钉或铆合工件的最大铆接力，可以确保“通过端”穿透不会出现。
对于有裂解槽的安全部件，需要设定比其它相同铆钉低的最大铆接力。
最重要的铆接力是铆接模的纵向上的力，因此，在沿着任何方向，沿着该铆钉压模移动到铆钉。这适用于自身为纵向的压模模具，例如DE 10038158B4.
沿着铆接方向的力，即使铆钉压模延移动方向变形的力，因大部分都用来使铆钉变形，需要特别注意。
铆接力可以很容易的通过工具上铆钉压模的夹持器来测量。
为了达到对一个工具的多个铆钉压模工件铆接力个别调整，铆钉压模要沿着其纵向轴线在新调整的位置调整并固定，这样，当铆钉与铆接力同向运动时，要么是当铆钉压模继续朝作用的方向移动，压模上升，要么就是当铆钉冲头在作用的反方向移动，压模下降。
铆钉工件上允许不同的铆钉压模有不同的最大铆接力已被证明是有用的。例如，在组件上设置各种形状的铆钉和/或用于安装不同材料铆钉组件上的部件和/或不同的功能。
在这些处理方法中优先选择上述处理方法，其已经通过DE 100 38 158 B4提出并保护，此处所有引用的内容都是已经公开的内容。
本发明第二方面完成了用铆钉压模塑造可变形塑料铆钉的任务。特别是施行上述方案，表明铆接测试器可用于测量一个特定方向的铆接力。
狭义的额“铆接工具”可以被理解为在铆接压模与支架和套筒，而这一组件被重复使用在一个收集器中；或这种收集器可以理解为是一个平整的，带有多个铆接压模的铆钉机组。
“铆接力测量器”可以是一个测力计，或者就是一个容易拆装的的应变计。当铆接力测量器检测一个测量单元的变形和一个控制器时，它通常是一个在技术上可靠的方案，如通过电源连接测量改动的电阻。优先采用铆钉力测量器和控制器之间的数据传输，特别是以电缆的形式。
本发明第三方面，提供了一种适于执行上述处理方法和/或包括铆接工具在内的铆接设备。这种铆接工具装有液压或气动致动的组件，如夹持装置的组件和/或铆接配件，和/或用于移动组件和/或铆接配件的传输工具。
这是铆接过程所呈现的优点，尤其是安全气囊包含了具有多个塑料铆钉的气囊组件，该塑料铆钉因为不同的铆接力而变形。
附图说明
下面通过实施例，并结合附图，对本发明的结构作进一步地描述。附图包括：
附图1带把手的铆钉机组的半透明三维视图，
附图2不同角度看的修改后把手细节的三维视图以及
附图3带把手的铆钉机组的纵剖面。
具体实施方式
附图中铆钉机组1基本上由铆钉压模2(在附图3中未显示)构成，其装置在铆钉压模入口3处，在此，围绕铆钉压模2根据已公开应用DE10038158 B4中配置空气导向管4，其同时可以在铆接程序中作为压紧装置使用。
空气导向管4指示向铆钉压模2供应冷空气的连接管5。
铆钉机组1沿着纵向6延伸形成并基本为圆柱形。
纵向6延伸产生更多作用方向7，在应用时通常位于铆钉机组1和带有空气导向管4的铆钉机组2的末端。
与作用方向7相反，圆筒顶端后续部分处于弹性零件8位置，其在铆钉机组1的纵向6方向上灵活的配备了第一螺旋弹簧9和第二螺旋弹簧10，以使铆钉压模压紧装置3与固定的铆钉机组2以及同样固定的空气导向管4轴向设置或在把手11上设置线性弹力装置并可以移动。
在弹性零件8和把手11间存在螺丝环12，在主轴功能上可以轴向延长或缩短铆钉机组1，一旦给定工件上把手11的安装位置就可以在铆钉位置(未显示)设定更大或更小的铆接力。
把手11基本由一个支撑凸缘13组成，有一个圆筒状容器14用于在圆筒15，然后使其沿着作用方向7向弹簧元件8，并最终朝着铆接模2的方向继续进行；另一方面将支撑凸缘13越过臂展16并放置在工作刀柄上。
在这里采用的方案是对悬臂16施加作用方向7上的纵向力，在实践中作为一种与作用方向7相反的力，而弯曲轴线17易受干扰。这就会导致，在对悬臂16的底边18施加铆接力的时候会产生材料的扩张。所配置的应变计19记录了悬臂16底边18的延伸运动，并且与上述铆接机组1中的放大器20的数据相联系。
在铆接机组1的使用中，配有大量铆机组单元1的工具载体沿作用方向7与组件的铆钉方向相反运动，并装置铆钉压模2于其中。通过工具载体沿着作用方向7进一步向前移动将铆钉压模2插入铆钉中，以达到铆钉变形。平面软轴21确保塑性变形的塑料铆钉被平放在两个相互连接的元件外侧，与上述铆接组件部分相分离。
在变形过程中，与来自铆钉机组1的与作用方向7相反的压力通过应变计19实现变形，而应变计19所传输的数据通过放大器20被加强，最后控制器(未显示)被传输到工具位置。
然后，它可以进行记录和/或改变设定铆接力。
需要指出的是，这里所提的使用示例只是众多可能实施的版本之一。本专利申请的保护范围仅由权利要求来确定，而该使用示例仅用于说明本发明可能的实施方案。
参照标记
1 铆钉机组 2 铆钉压模 3 铆钉压模压紧装置
4 空气导向管 5 连接管 6 纵向 7 作用方向 8 弹性零件
9 第一螺旋弹簧 10 第二螺旋弹簧 11 把手 12 螺丝环 13 支撑凸缘
14 圆筒形容器 15 圆筒 16 悬臂 17 弯曲轴 18 底面
19 应变计 20 放大器 21 平面软轴

Claims (22)

1.一种塑造可变形塑料铆钉的铆接方法，用此可将塑料铆钉在铆接前装置在组件上，通过对铆钉压模施加铆接力使铆钉变形，并将铆接部分固定于组件之上，其特点是铆钉压模配备了铆接力测量工具并可测量铆接力，在铆钉工具上各种铆钉压模可承受不同的最大铆接力，以设置各种形状的铆钉和/或在组件上设置各种材料的铆钉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铆接方法，其特征在于，在工具上配置了多个铆钉压模并且单独测量所有选择的铆钉压模中至少两个的铆接力。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的铆接方法，其特征在于，用该方法为铆钉设置裂解槽。
4.根据权利要求3所述的铆接方法，其特征在于，铆钉用来固定在汽车中用于爆开的已有线缝。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的铆接方法，其特征在于，铆接力可以被记录下来，以确保已设定好的铆钉的质量。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的铆接方法，其特征在于，加工汽车的内饰部分或汽车外覆盖件。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的铆接方法，其特征在于，小于500N的铆接力是可承受的。
8.根据权利要求5所述的铆接方法，其特征在于，记录的铆接力不超过最大铆接力。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的铆接方法，其特征在于，当施加在铆钉压模上的铆接力超过最大铆接力时，中断铆接过程。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的铆接方法，其特征在于，通过上述步骤设定最大铆接力。
11.根据权利要求10所述的铆接方法，其特征在于，借助“通过端”的光学检测确定最大铆接力，通过在“通过端”上可产生的穿透来降低最大铆接力。
12.根据权利要求10所述的铆接方法，其特征在于，借助有裂解槽的铆钉测试来确定最大铆接力，通过对裂解槽上的铆钉断裂或在裂解槽前置损害的测定来降低最大允许铆接力。
13.根据权利要求1或2所述的铆接方法，其特征在于，测量装于工具上的铆钉压模把手的铆接力。
14.根据权利要求1或2所述的铆接方法，其特征在于，通过一个铆钉压模的纵向调整来实现铆接力的调整。
15.根据权利要求1所述的铆接方法，其特征在于，所述组件为汽车的组件。
16.根据权利要求4所述的铆接方法，其特征在于，所述已有线缝为安全气囊线缝。
17.根据权利要求6所述的铆接方法，其特征在于，针对已覆膜情形，和/或已经安装扬声器格栅，门把手，光源和/或控制按钮的情况，加工汽车的内饰部分或汽车外覆盖件。
18.根据权利要求7所述的铆接方法，其特征在于，小于300N的铆接力是可承受的。
19.根据权利要求7所述的铆接方法，其特征在于，200N的铆接力是可承受的。
20.根据权利要求1或2所述的铆接方法，其特征在于，铆接程序中可加热铆钉，依照步骤(i)首先铆钉借助于周围紧紧流动的气流加热，(ii)然后通过其中一个加热的铆钉压模使铆钉变形，(iii)最后停止热量输出并关闭，保持冷却气流。
21.具有铆钉压模的铆接工具，可根据权利要求1至20中任一项所述的铆接方法来塑造可变形塑料铆钉，其特征在于，铆接工具在铆接中配有用于测量特定轴向铆接力的铆接力测量器。
22.根据权利要求21所述的铆接工具，其特征在于，提供了使用控制器的数据线，以使在铆接时控制器能够计算铆接力。
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EP2902173B1 (de) 2018-04-18
US20150217507A1 (en) 2015-08-06
US10029412B2 (en) 2018-07-24
EP2902173A1 (de) 2015-08-05
DE102015000625A1 (de) 2015-08-06
DE102015014517B3 (de) 2017-05-18
CN104816470A (zh) 2015-08-05

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