CN104804167B - 一种光‑还原剂双重响应型聚氨酯水凝胶的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种光‑还原剂双重响应型聚氨酯水凝胶的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104804167B
CN104804167B CN201510185272.8A CN201510185272A CN104804167B CN 104804167 B CN104804167 B CN 104804167B CN 201510185272 A CN201510185272 A CN 201510185272A CN 104804167 B CN104804167 B CN 104804167B
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李齐方
李金泽
周政
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Abstract

一种光‑还原剂双重响应型聚氨酯水凝胶的制备方法,涉及智能型水凝胶、药物载体和医用创伤敷料材料领域。该水凝胶制备步骤如下:将聚乙二醇和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯溶解在N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺中,加入催化剂辛酸亚锡制备聚氨酯预聚体;向预聚体中加入环糊精、偶氮苯和二硫代甘油(3,3’‑二硫烷二取代二丙基‑1,2‑二醇)的N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺溶液为交联剂,得到交联网络;将交联网络依次浸泡于有机溶剂和水中,最终得到水凝胶。本发明制备工艺简单,原料成本低,适合大规模工业化生产。本发明的水凝胶,紫外光可以调节其药物负载能力,还原剂能调节其药物释放能力,能作为药物的载体,应用于医用创伤敷料领域。

Description

一种光-还原剂双重响应型聚氨酯水凝胶的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及智能型水凝胶、药物载体和医用创伤敷料材料领域。特别涉及制备光-还原剂双重响应型聚氨酯水凝胶的制备方法。
背景技术
水凝胶是具有交联网状结构的聚合物形成的以水为分散介质的凝胶。作为一种环境友好的智能材料,水凝胶得到了广泛研究与应用。由于其良好的生物相容性与低细胞毒性,水凝胶在生物医药材料领域的应用最具前景,如医用外伤敷料和人造组织等。智能型水凝胶是一类对外界刺激如温度、pH值、溶剂、离子强度、光、化学物质等能产生敏感响应的水凝胶,在化学转换器、记忆元件开关、传感器、人造肌肉、化学存储器、分子分离体系、活性酶的固定、组织工程、药物载体等方面具有很好的应用前景。
光响应型水凝胶,将光与运动结合起来,利用光波长的变化,可以调控水凝胶吸水率和溶胀率等基本性质,有望实现光能和动能的能量转化以及人造肌肉的制备等。现有的技术主要以自由基聚合的方式制备光响应型水凝胶,即选用常用的亲水单体如丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺等与双或多官能度的丙烯酸酯类交联剂在加热或光照的条件下,以自由基引发聚合,形成聚合物的交联网络,而光响应性的物质可以制备成单体参与聚合,或与聚合后的预聚体、交联网络等反应接枝在交联网络中,或以小分子的形式与交联网络主体发生分子间相互作用。这类水凝胶制备方法复杂,成型性差,强度低,易碎裂,限制了其实际应用。
Akira Harada等(Hiroyasu Yamaguchi et al.,Nature Communication,2011,3:603and Yoshinori Takashima et al.,Nature Communication,2012,3:1270)报道了一种丙烯酰胺类水凝胶,分别将偶氮苯和环糊精进行单官能化制备了含有丙烯酸酯键的偶氮苯和环糊精单体,然后通过自由基聚合的方式将偶氮苯和环糊精单体引入水凝胶中,这类水凝胶可以在宏观下发生紫外-可见光控制的可逆自组装行为,并且吸水率和溶胀率受到光照波长的影响发生可逆变化,进而引发可控形变,是一种有望制备人造肌肉的智能材料。但是这类水凝胶的强度低(1~10kPa),并且偶氮苯和环糊精的单体制备步骤多,条件较苛刻。
以聚乙二醇和二异氰酸酯为原料可以制备一种亲水型聚氨酯,向其中引入含氮或含羧基的多元醇可以制备温度、pH敏感的聚氨酯水凝胶;将聚氨酯与其他响应型聚合物共混或共聚可以制备双网络水凝胶。这类含有聚氨酯的水凝胶相较于自由基法制备的水凝胶,强度高,成形性好。但是关于光响应型聚氨酯水凝胶的研究报道较少。
本发明是为了解决现有技术中光响应水凝胶制备方法复杂,强度低的技术问题,从而提高光响应型水凝胶的应用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的是利用简单的方法,制备一种高强度的响应性智能水凝胶,降低制备成本,增进该响应性水凝胶的实用性。
本发明是通过下述技术方案实现:一种光-还原剂双重响应型聚氨酯水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:(1)预聚体的制备:将聚乙二醇和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯溶解在无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加热至80~90℃后,滴入辛酸亚锡催化剂,反应2-4小时;(2)交联网络的制备:将交联剂溶解于无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入步骤(1)中制得的预聚体,充分混合后倾倒至模具中,加热至80~90℃固化18-36小时;(3)后处理:交联网络用有机溶剂浸泡36-60小时后,加热除去有机溶剂,随后浸泡在蒸馏水中24-36小时,得到水凝胶。
进一步,所述的聚乙二醇的分子量为2000~20000g/mol。
进一步,反应原料中羟基和异氰酸酯基的摩尔比为1:1.05~1.2。
进一步,所述的催化剂用量为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯摩尔质量的1~10%。
进一步,所述的交联剂为环糊精、偶氮苯和二硫代甘油,交联剂用量为反应原料总质量的1~10%,反应原料指的是聚乙二醇和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯。
进一步,其中环糊精为α-环糊精或β-环糊精,偶氮苯为式a1~a3中的一种或几种,二硫代甘油为3,3’-二硫烷二取代二丙基-1,2-二醇,结构为式b:
进一步,所述的浸泡交联网络的有机溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃中的一种或几种。
所述的制备方法所制得的光-还原剂双重响应型聚氨酯水凝胶。
所述的光-还原剂双重响应型聚氨酯水凝胶在外伤敷料中的应用。
利用以上技术方案制备水凝胶有如下特点:
(1)制备方法简单,成本较低;
(2)选用的交联剂能给体系提供环境响应性,并且提高材料的强度;
(3)具有光和还原剂双重响应性;
(4)是一种淡黄色半透明材料;
(5)强度比传统光响应型水凝胶高;
(6)吸水率、溶胀率和药物传输能力受紫外光和还原剂的调控,是一种智能水凝胶;
(7)药物负载能力受到紫外光的调控,药物释放能力受到还原剂的调控,两者独立,互不影响,有利于调控;
(8)有潜在应用价值,如药物传输、创伤敷料、人造肌肉等。
具体实施方式
实施方法是本发明结合实际应用的详细描述,可以使本专业技术人员更全面的理解本发明,而不以任何方式限制本发明。
二硫代甘油按以下方法制备:
二硫代甘油(3,3’-二硫烷二取代二丙基-1,2-二醇,DSDPDO)按以下方法制备:硫代甘油溶解于甲醇中,向其中滴加过氧化氢(30%水溶液),滴加完毕后在室温下搅拌6h。旋蒸除去溶剂可以得到无色透明粘稠液体,粗产物在正己烷/甲醇的混合溶剂中重结晶,可以得到白色固体DSDPDO
偶氮苯选自式a1-a3中的一种或几种。偶氮苯a1可以直接购置。
偶氮苯a2按以下方法制备:将4-苯基偶氮苯酚与碳酸钾溶解于丙酮中,在N2保护下加入烯丙基溴,加热体系至丙酮回流,反应24h后冷却至室温。产物过滤得到滤液,浓缩后粗产品在正己烷中重结晶,得到黄褐色晶体单乙烯基偶氮苯。随后将单乙烯基偶氮苯、光引发剂安息香二乙醚和硫代甘油溶解于甲醇中,冷冻-抽真空-充氮气,反复三次后在室温下置于紫外光灯照射下反应2h。反应完毕后产物在乙醚中反沉淀,固体粗产品在乙醇中重结晶可以得到黄色固体a2。
偶氮苯a3按以下方法制备:将4-苯基偶氮苯酚与碳酸钾溶解于丁酮中,在N2保护下加入环氧氯丙烷,加热体系至丙酮回流,反应36h后冷却至室温。产物过滤得到滤液,浓缩后粗产品在正己烷中重结晶,得到黄褐色晶体单环氧基偶氮苯。随后将单环氧基偶氮苯与四溴化碳分散于水中,加热至回流6h后冷却至室温,产物旋蒸浓缩后用去离子水洗,得到粗产品,在乙醇中重结晶得到黄色固体a3。
预聚体的制备方法如下:,称取8.0~9.0g聚乙二醇和0.88~1.2mL六亚甲基二异氰酸酯加入N2保护下的三口瓶中,称取40~80mL无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺加入三口瓶中,在磁力搅拌下使PEG和HDI溶解,加热体系至80~90℃后,滴入100~200μL辛酸亚锡催化剂,反应2~4小时,得到预聚体;
交联网络的制备方法如下:在烧杯中称取环糊精(0.05~0.50g)、偶氮苯(0.008~0.08g)和DSDPDO(0.05~0.50g),加入10-15mL无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶解,将溶液加入上述步骤制得的预聚体,充分混合后倾倒至模具中,将模具加热至80~90℃,使样品固化18-36小时,得到聚合物交联网络;
后处理方法如下:交联网络用300-500mL甲醇或乙醇或四氢呋喃浸泡36-60小时后,在鼓风干燥箱中加热除去有机溶剂,随后将干料浸泡在150~200mL蒸馏水中24-36小时,交联网络充分溶胀得到水凝胶。
将制备的水凝胶进行吸水率测试,称取水凝胶样品的质量m1,然后在干燥箱中干燥除水24~36h,直至质量保持不变,称取样品干燥后的质量m2,可以计算出水凝胶样品的吸水率为含水量为在室温、可见光照射下,本发明制备的光-还原剂双重响应型水凝胶的吸水率为6.58~13.18,含水量为86.80%~92.95%。在室温、紫外光照射下,随时间延长,水凝胶的吸水率会降低6.2~9.9%;在室温下,水凝胶样品浸泡在加入还原剂(谷胱甘肽、二硫苏糖醇或三(2-甲酰乙基)膦盐酸盐)的水溶液中,随时间延长,水凝胶的吸水率会增加6.1~137.5%。
将制备的水凝胶进行流变学性质测试。通过旋转流变仪对水凝胶进行流变性质测试,可以得到其储能模量G’和损耗模量G”。在室温、可见光照射下,本发明制备的光-还原剂双重响应型水凝胶的储能模量G’为47.6~58.2kPa,损耗模量G”为6.1~7.5kPa。在室温、紫外光照射下,水凝胶的G’会升高10.6~12.9%,G”会降低76.3~93.8%;在室温下,水凝胶样品浸泡在加入还原剂(谷胱甘肽、二硫苏糖醇或三(2-甲酰乙基)膦盐酸盐)的水溶液中,水凝胶的G’会降低39.8~48.6%,G”会升高86.0~105.2%。水凝胶的吸水率和模量随着光照和化学环境的变化而变化,说明该水凝胶是一种光-还原剂双重响应型水凝胶。
将制备的水凝胶进行药物负载-释放测试,以荧光疏水小分子香豆素(Coumarin-102)为目标药物,将水凝胶浸泡在香豆素分散的水中,在一定条件下香豆素负载在水凝胶上;将负载了香豆素的水凝胶浸泡在清水中,在一定条件下香豆素会释放出来。通过荧光分光光度计测试水溶液中香豆素的荧光光谱,通过荧光强度可以反应出水溶液中香豆素的浓度,进而计算出水凝胶对香豆素的负载和释放能力。通过研究发现紫外光照射可以增加水凝胶对香豆素的负载量,还原剂(谷胱甘肽、二硫苏糖醇或三(2-甲酰乙基)膦盐酸盐)会加快香豆素的释放速率以及增加香豆素最终的释放量。
实施例1
硫代甘油(12g,100mmol)溶解于20mL甲醇中,向其中滴加过氧化氢(6.8g,60mmol,30wt%水溶液),滴加完毕后在室温下搅拌6h。旋蒸除去溶剂可以得到无色透明粘稠液体,粗产物在正己烷/甲醇的混合溶剂中重结晶,可以得到白色固体DSDPDO(10.0g,产率93.2%)。
将8.5g聚乙二醇(分子量10000g/mol,PDI=1.1)和0.914mL六亚甲基二异氰酸酯溶解在40mL无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加热至85℃后,滴入140μL辛酸亚锡催化剂,反应3小时,得到预聚体;称取β-环糊精(0.25g)、4-苯基偶氮苯酚(0.044g)和DSDPDO(0.25g)溶解于12mL无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,将溶液加入上述步骤制得的预聚体,充分混合后倾倒至模具中,加热至85℃固化24小时,得到聚合物交联网络;交联网络用400mL甲醇浸泡48小时后,在鼓风干燥箱中加热除去有机溶剂,随后将干料浸泡在170mL蒸馏水中30小时,交联网络充分溶胀得到水凝胶。
实施例2
二硫代甘油(3,3’-二硫烷二取代二丙基-1,2-二醇,DSDPDO)的制备方法与实施例1中一致。
称取4-苯基偶氮苯酚(4g,20mmol)与碳酸钾(8.29g,60mmol)溶解于50mL丙酮中,在N2保护下加入烯丙基溴(4.8g,40mmol),加热体系至丙酮回流,反应24h后冷却至室温。产物过滤得到滤液,浓缩后粗产品在正己烷中重结晶,得到黄褐色晶体单乙烯基偶氮苯(4.36g,产率91.5%)。随后称取单乙烯基偶氮苯(2.38g,0.01mol)、光引发剂安息香二乙醚(DMPA,0.308g,0.0012mol)和硫代甘油(1.44g,0.012mol,90%)溶解于20mL甲醇中,冷冻-抽真空-充氮气,反复三次后在室温下置于紫外光灯照射下反应2h。反应完毕后产物在300mL乙醚中反沉淀,固体粗产品在乙醇中重结晶可以得到黄色固体a2(2.706g,产率78.1%)
将8.5g聚乙二醇(分子量10000g/mol,PDI=1.1)和0.929mL六亚甲基二异氰酸酯溶解在40mL无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加热至90℃后,滴入150μL辛酸亚锡催化剂,反应3小时,得到预聚体;称取β-环糊精(0.25g)、偶氮苯a2(0.08g)和DSDPDO(0.25g)溶解于12mL无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,将溶液加入上述步骤制得的预聚体,充分混合后倾倒至模具中,加热至85℃固化24小时,得到聚合物交联网络;交联网络用400mL乙醇浸泡48小时后,在鼓风干燥箱中加热除去有机溶剂,随后将干料浸泡在170mL蒸馏水中30小时,交联网络充分溶胀得到水凝胶。
实施例3
二硫代甘油(3,3’-二硫烷二取代二丙基-1,2-二醇,DSDPDO)的制备方法与实施例1中一致。
称取4-苯基偶氮苯酚(4g,20mmol)与碳酸钾(8.29g,60mmol)溶解于50mL丁酮中,在N2保护下加入环氧氯丙烷(7.4g,80mmol),加热体系至丙酮回流,反应36h后冷却至室温。产物过滤得到滤液,浓缩后粗产品在正己烷中重结晶,得到黄褐色晶体单环氧基偶氮苯(4.26g,产率78.3%)。随后将单环氧基偶氮苯(4g,0.0147mol)与四溴化碳(0.487g,0.0147mol)分散于50mL水中,加热至回流6h后冷却至室温,产物旋蒸浓缩后用20mL去离子水洗,得到粗产品,在乙醇中重结晶得到黄色固体a3(2.87g,产率67.2%)。
将8.5g聚乙二醇(分子量10000g/mol,PDI=1.1)和0.937mL六亚甲基二异氰酸酯溶解在40mL无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加热至90℃后,滴入150μL辛酸亚锡催化剂,反应3小时,得到预聚体;称取β-环糊精(0.25g)、偶氮苯a3(0.08g)和DSDPDO(0.25g)溶解于12mL无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,将溶液加入上述步骤制得的预聚体,充分混合后倾倒至模具中,加热至85℃固化24小时,得到聚合物交联网络;交联网络用400mL四氢呋喃浸泡48小时后,在鼓风干燥箱中加热除去有机溶剂,随后将干料浸泡在170mL蒸馏水中30小时,交联网络充分溶胀得到水凝胶。
实施例4
二硫代甘油(3,3’-二硫烷二取代二丙基-1,2-二醇,DSDPDO)的制备方法与实施例1中一致。
将8.5g聚乙二醇(分子量10000g/mol,PDI=1.1)和0.937mL六亚甲基二异氰酸酯溶解在40mL无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加热至90℃后,滴入150μL辛酸亚锡催化剂,反应3小时,得到预聚体;称取α-环糊精(0.25g)、4-苯基偶氮苯酚(0.044g)和DSDPDO(0.25g)溶解于12mL无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,将溶液加入上述步骤制得的预聚体,充分混合后倾倒至模具中,加热至85℃固化24小时,得到聚合物交联网络;交联网络用400mL甲醇浸泡48小时后,在鼓风干燥箱中加热除去有机溶剂,随后将干料浸泡在170mL蒸馏水中30小时,交联网络充分溶胀得到水凝胶。
实施例5
二硫代甘油(3,3’-二硫烷二取代二丙基-1,2-二醇,DSDPDO)的制备方法与实施例1中一致。
将8.5g聚乙二醇(分子量5000g/mol,PDI=1.1)和0.925mL六亚甲基二异氰酸酯溶解在40mL无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加热至90℃后,滴入150μL辛酸亚锡催化剂,反应3小时,得到预聚体;称取β-环糊精(0.35g)、4-苯基偶氮苯酚(0.044g)和DSDPDO(0.25g)溶解于12mL无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,将溶液加入上述步骤制得的预聚体,充分混合后倾倒至模具中,加热至85℃固化24小时,得到聚合物交联网络;交联网络用400mL甲醇浸泡48小时后,在鼓风干燥箱中加热除去有机溶剂,随后将干料浸泡在170mL蒸馏水中30小时,交联网络充分溶胀得到水凝胶。
实施例6
二硫代甘油(3,3’-二硫烷二取代二丙基-1,2-二醇,DSDPDO)的制备方法与实施例1中一致。
将9.0g聚乙二醇(分子量2000g/mol,PDI=1.1)和1.2mL六亚甲基二异氰酸酯溶解在80mL无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加热至80℃后,滴入200μL辛酸亚锡催化剂,反应4小时,得到预聚体;称取β-环糊精(0.50g)、4-苯基偶氮苯酚(0.08g)和DSDPDO(0.50g)溶解于15mL无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,将溶液加入上述步骤制得的预聚体,充分混合后倾倒至模具中,加热至80℃固化36小时,得到聚合物交联网络;交联网络用500mL甲醇浸泡60小时后,在鼓风干燥箱中加热除去有机溶剂,随后将干料浸泡在200mL蒸馏水中36小时,交联网络充分溶胀得到水凝胶。
实施例7
二硫代甘油(3,3’-二硫烷二取代二丙基-1,2-二醇,DSDPDO)的制备方法与实施例1中一致。
将8.0g聚乙二醇(分子量20000g/mol,PDI=1.1)和0.88mL六亚甲基二异氰酸酯溶解在40mL无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加热至85℃后,滴入100μL辛酸亚锡催化剂,反应2小时,得到预聚体;称取β-环糊精(0.05g)、4-苯基偶氮苯酚(0.008g)和DSDPDO(0.05g)溶解于10mL无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,将溶液加入上述步骤制得的预聚体,充分混合后倾倒至模具中,加热至90℃固化18小时,得到聚合物交联网络;交联网络用300mL甲醇浸泡36小时后,在鼓风干燥箱中加热除去有机溶剂,随后将干料浸泡在150mL蒸馏水中24小时,交联网络充分溶胀得到水凝胶。

Claims (3)

1.一种光-还原剂双重响应型聚氨酯水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:(1)预聚体的制备:将聚乙二醇和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯溶解在无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加热至80~90℃后,滴入辛酸亚锡催化剂,反应2-4小时;(2)交联网络的制备:将交联剂溶解于无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入步骤(1)中制得的预聚体,充分混合后倾倒至模具中,加热至80~90℃固化18-36小时;(3)后处理:交联网络用有机溶剂浸泡36-60小时后,加热除去有机溶剂,随后浸泡在蒸馏水中24-36小时,得到水凝胶;
所述的聚乙二醇的分子量为2000~20000g/mol;
反应原料中羟基和异氰酸酯基的摩尔比为1:1.05~1.2;
所述的催化剂用量为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯摩尔质量的1~10%;
所述的交联剂为环糊精、偶氮苯和二硫代甘油,交联剂用量为反应原料总质量的1~10%,反应原料指的是聚乙二醇和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯;
其中环糊精为α-环糊精或β-环糊精,偶氮苯为式a1~a3中的一种或几种,二硫代甘油为3,3’-二硫烷二取代二丙基-1,2-二醇,结构为式b:
所述的浸泡交联网络的有机溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃中的一种或几种。
2.根据权利要求1中任一项所述的制备方法所制得的光-还原剂双重响应型聚氨酯水凝胶。
3.权利要求2中所述的光-还原剂双重响应型聚氨酯水凝胶作为制备外伤敷料的应用。
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