CN104803761A - Controlled release fertilizer for grapevine planting and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Controlled release fertilizer for grapevine planting is prepared from raw materials in parts by weight as follows: 40-45 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 20-25 parts of river sand, 60-75 parts of cow manure, 30-35 parts of coal ash, 50-70 parts of sweet potato residues, 30-36 parts of rice husks, 2-3 parts of a biological fermentation agent, 10-14 parts of maifanite powder, 9-13 parts of potassium phosphate, 3-5 parts of potassium permanganate, 8-10 parts of ammonium phosphate, 1-3 parts of calcium nitrate, 8-12 parts of ammonium sulfate, 8-12 parts of alkyd resin, 2-3 parts of propyl alcohol, 3-4 parts of SDBS (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate), 5-6 parts of a crosslinking agent and a proper amount of water. The fertilizer can control fertilizer decomposition so as to slowly release nutrients, fertile sandy loam is preferred according to the grape planting characteristic, rich organic matters such as the river sand, the coal ash and the like are added to improve the soil characteristic and can provide lasting nutrients during grape planting after fermented, and frequent fertilization is avoided.

Description

A kind of grapevine plantation release and release control fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The present invention is a kind of grapevine plantation release and release control fertilizer and preparation method thereof, belongs to the Technology field of wine-growing release and release control fertilizer in fertilizer.

Background technology

Chemical fertilizer is that material maximum in agriculture production drops into, statistical information according to Food and Argriculture OrganizationFAO shows, in raising per unit area yield, chemical fertilizer accounts for 40 ~ 60% to volume increase role, but the production time shows, due to the impact of fertilizers for potted flowers material nature and edatope condition and agricultural measures etc., chemical fertilizer utilization ratio is very low.China because of fertilizer nutrient utilization low caused nutrients resource waste very surprising, China produces every year according to statistics, the amount of nitrogenous fertilizer used is about 2,000 ten thousand tons, the this season utilization ratio of its fertilizer only uses 30 ~ 50%, accumulative utilization ratio is 45 ~ 60%, and the direct economic loss caused because of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is amounted to Renminbi and reached 239.4 hundred million yuan.The problem of environmental pollution how to improve the utilization ratio of chemical fertilizer, reducing because improper fertilization causes, Sustainable development high-efficiency agriculture has become the problem that countries in the world are paid close attention to jointly, since 20 century 70s, the research of Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers and utilization have become the focus of world fertilizer research, slow/controlled release technology is from the inorganics coating large grain carbon ammonium technology of exploratory stage and fertile bag fertilizer technology, develop into the resin packaging technique of present stage, present stage coated with resin technology.

(1) sulfur-coated urea technology

(2) solvent type resin packaging technique: at high temperature with olefin hydrocarbons thermoplasticity resins such as organic solvent dissolution recycled plastics, then sprays pneumatic vulcanization tower class and is evenly coated on the granulated fertilizer surface such as urea, composite fertilizer the end of at by it.

(3) water soluble resin or water based polymerization resin packaging technique, the technology of water soluble resin, fat-soluble water quality surface reaction film forming and amplification thereof and transitional technology, water soluble resin or water based polymerization resin packaging technique have been used to release and release control fertilizer suitability for industrialized production.

Synolac: by the oily modified polyester resin of polyvalent alcohol, Tetra hydro Phthalic anhydride and lipid acid or oil (fatty acid triglyceride) condensation polymerization.By number and the structure of double bond in lipid acid (or oil) molecule, can be divided into dryness, semi-drying and non-dryness three class, dry alkyd resin can solidify in atmosphere; Non-dry alkyd resin then will mix with aminoresin, could solidify through heating, in addition also can by the content of lipid acid used (or oil) or Tetra hydro Phthalic anhydride, be divided into short, in, grow and extremely grow the Synolac of four kinds of oil content.After Synolac film-forming, glossy and toughness, strong adhesion, and there are good wear resistance, weathering resistance and insulativity etc.

(1) drying oil alkyd resin: by the Synolac of high unsaturated fatty acid or oil and fat preparation, can from dry or oven drying at low temperature, solvent No. 200 solvent oils.Such Synolac is by oxidation cross-linked drying and forming-film, and in a sense, the Synolac of oxidation drying is alternatively a kind of siccative oil of modification.The drying of siccative oil paint film needs for a long time, and reason is that their relative molecular mass is lower, needs polystep reaction could form crosslinked macromole.The oil that Synolac is equivalent to " macromole ", only need a little cross-linking set, can make drying varniss, paint film property also far exceedes siccative oil certainly.

(2) non-drying oil alkyd resin: can not film forming in atmosphere separately, belongs to non-oxide drying and forming-film, mainly makes softening agent and polyhydroxylated polymer (oil).Can baking finish be prepared with aminoresin as during hydroxy component or prepare two-pack self-drying paint with polyisocyanate curing agent.

Methylene-bisacrylamide is used for the production of High hydrophilous resin, High hydrophilous resin can be used for producing sanitary product, water-absorbent is splendid, also can be used for the production of agriculture water-holding agent, by potato starch and acrylamide using methylene-bisacrylamide as linking agent, under the effect of initiator, hydrolysis obtains High hydrophilous resin.

Tributyl citrate (TBC) is a kind of good environment-friendly plasticizer, lubricant, under normal temperature for nontoxic, have fruital taste, colourless transparent oil liquid, boiling point 170 DEG C (133.3Pa), flash-point (opening cup) 185 DEG C, be dissolved in most organic solvent, volatility is little, good with the consistency of resin, plasticizing efficiency is high, is allowed for food product pack and health care goods in countries such as America and Europes, and the industry such as the soft toy of children, pharmacy, medical product, essence and flavoring agent, makeup manufacture.

Summary of the invention

A kind of grapevine plantation release and release control fertilizer, it is characterized in that, be made up of the raw material of following weight part: Chinese medicine slag 40 ~ 45, river sand 20 ~ 25, cow dung 60 ~ 75, coal ash 30 ~ 35, sweet potato waste 50 ~ 70, rice husk 30 ~ 36, biological fermentation microbial inoculum 2 ~ 3, medical stone powder 10 ~ 14, potassiumphosphate 9 ~ 13, potassium permanganate 3 ~ 5, ammonium phosphate 8 ~ 10, nitrocalcite 1 ~ 3, ammonium sulfate 8 ~ 12, Synolac 8 ~ 12, propyl alcohol 2 ~ 3, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 3 ~ 4, linking agent 5 ~ 6 and appropriate water;

Described linking agent is made up of the raw material of following weight part: butyl acrylate 2 ~ 3, tributyl citrate 3 ~ 5, colophonium powder 2 ~ 3, green cucumber wood powder 5 ~ 7, N,N methylene bis acrylamide 1 ~ 2, ethanol 4 ~ 5, lac powder 1 ~ 2 and appropriate water; Preparation method: (1), by the ratio thin up of ethanol and water 1: 3, adds colophonium powder, butyl acrylate, N,N methylene bis acrylamide and tributyl citrate afterwards, is heated to 70 ~ 90 DEG C of stirring and dissolving; (2) mix nonage Fructus Chaenomelis powder and lac powder, add the water of about 10 times its weight parts, stirring and evenly mixing; (3) mix (1) (2) two kinds of solvents, concentrate after heating 20 ~ 30min and obtain.

A preparation method for grapevine plantation release and release control fertilizer, is characterized in that comprising following step:

(1) super-fine powder after Chinese medicine slag, river sand, cow dung, coal ash, sweet potato waste and rice husk combination drying is broken into the powder about 160 orders, then the biological fermentation microbial inoculum with the dilution of 10 times, water is added, adjustment water content about 40% after mixing, temperature 38 ~ 43 DEG C, ferment 20 ~ 24 days, within every 2 days, stir once;

(2) mixed phosphate potassium, potassium permanganate, ammonium phosphate, nitrocalcite and ammonium sulfate, add 5 ~ 6 times to the water post-heating stirring and dissolving of its gross weight, add Synolac, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, propyl alcohol, linking agent and other following remaining component do not related to afterwards, continue heated and stirred 10 ~ 15min;

(3) medical stone powder is added in the mixing solutions described in (2), heated and stirred 30 ~ 40min, naturally cooling after coagulation, be then ground into 20 order left and right resin particles;

(4) mix the fermentation material of (1) and the resin particle of (3), adjust the rear granulation of water content about 20%.

Advantage of the present invention: fertilizer of the present invention be a kind of have control fertilizer degraded thus the fertilizer of slow releasing nutrient, according to wine-growing feature, like fertile silty loam, the present invention adds river sand, coal ash etc. improves soil characteristic, nutrition supply permanent when abundant organic matter can provide wine-growing after fermentation, avoid frequent fertilising, excessive use of fertilizer is not only bad to root system of plant, also waste more manpower and materials, can be crucial according to the speed of demand modeling fertilizer degraded during different grapevine plantation, the present invention does like this: after being dissolved by diluted for specialty resins alcohols, linking agent and the composition such as surfactant and NPK is utilized to melt mutually, can not pollute soil property after resin degradation, the flour stone flour added has eliminates the intermediate polarity effect of solute, make easier fusion.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1:

A kind of grapevine plantation release and release control fertilizer, it is characterized in that, be made up of the raw material of following weight part (Kg): Chinese medicine slag 45, river sand 22, cow dung 70, coal ash 35, sweet potato waste 55, rice husk 36, biological fermentation microbial inoculum 2, medical stone powder 10, potassiumphosphate 13, potassium permanganate 3, ammonium phosphate 8, nitrocalcite 3, ammonium sulfate 12, Synolac 10, propyl alcohol 2, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 3, linking agent 6 and appropriate water;

Described linking agent is made up of the raw material of following weight part: butyl acrylate 3, tributyl citrate 3, colophonium powder 3, green cucumber wood powder 5, N,N methylene bis acrylamide 2, ethanol 5, lac powder 1 and appropriate water; Preparation method: (1), by the ratio thin up of ethanol and water 1: 3, adds colophonium powder, butyl acrylate, N,N methylene bis acrylamide and tributyl citrate afterwards, is heated to 70 ~ 90 DEG C of stirring and dissolving; (2) mix nonage Fructus Chaenomelis powder and lac powder, add the water of about 10 times its weight parts, stirring and evenly mixing; (3) mix (1) (2) two kinds of solvents, concentrate after heating 20 ~ 30min and obtain.

A preparation method for grapevine plantation release and release control fertilizer, is characterized in that comprising following step:

(1) super-fine powder after Chinese medicine slag, river sand, cow dung, coal ash, sweet potato waste and rice husk combination drying is broken into the powder about 160 orders, then the biological fermentation microbial inoculum with the dilution of 10 times, water is added, adjustment water content about 40% after mixing, temperature 38 ~ 43 DEG C, ferment 20 ~ 24 days, within every 2 days, stir once;

(2) mixed phosphate potassium, potassium permanganate, ammonium phosphate, nitrocalcite and ammonium sulfate, add 5 ~ 6 times to the water post-heating stirring and dissolving of its gross weight, add Synolac, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, propyl alcohol, linking agent and other following remaining component do not related to afterwards, continue heated and stirred 10 ~ 15min;

(3) medical stone powder is added in the mixing solutions described in (2), heated and stirred 30 ~ 40min, naturally cooling after coagulation, be then ground into 20 order left and right resin particles;

(4) mix the fermentation material of (1) and the resin particle of (3), adjust the rear granulation of water content about 20%.

Release and release control fertilizer of the present invention is mixed as Nutrition Soil with the ratio of subsoil using 1: 3 of planting pit during plantation, in planting pit on average every 8 ~ 10Kg release of grapevine seedling, within average 1 year later, execute this fertilizer once, a 5 ~ 7Kg, other mends spraying fertilizer by grapevine normal growth situation, this method is as experimental group, fertilising requirement when control group is planted according to a conventional method, result shows: experimental group reduces the usage quantity of in the future topdressing, no matter be the sturdy degree of fruit colour and limb, experimental group is obviously better than the control group of applying fertilizer routinely, per mu yield increases by 15.9%, economy rises 22.3% on year-on-year basis.

Claims (2)

1. a grapevine plantation release and release control fertilizer, it is characterized in that, be made up of the raw material of following weight part: Chinese medicine slag 40 ~ 45, river sand 20 ~ 25, cow dung 60 ~ 75, coal ash 30 ~ 35, sweet potato waste 50 ~ 70, rice husk 30 ~ 36, biological fermentation microbial inoculum 2 ~ 3, medical stone powder 10 ~ 14, potassiumphosphate 9 ~ 13, potassium permanganate 3 ~ 5, ammonium phosphate 8 ~ 10, nitrocalcite 1 ~ 3, ammonium sulfate 8 ~ 12, Synolac 8 ~ 12, propyl alcohol 2 ~ 3, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 3 ~ 4, linking agent 5 ~ 6 and appropriate water;

Described linking agent is made up of the raw material of following weight part: butyl acrylate 2 ~ 3, tributyl citrate 3 ~ 5, colophonium powder 2 ~ 3, green cucumber wood powder 5 ~ 7, N,N methylene bis acrylamide 1 ~ 2, ethanol 4 ~ 5, lac powder 1 ~ 2 and appropriate water; Preparation method: (1), by the ratio thin up of ethanol and water 1: 3, adds colophonium powder, butyl acrylate, N,N methylene bis acrylamide and tributyl citrate afterwards, is heated to 70 ~ 90 DEG C of stirring and dissolving; (2) mix nonage Fructus Chaenomelis powder and lac powder, add the water of about 10 times its weight parts, stirring and evenly mixing; (3) mix (1) (2) two kinds of solvents, concentrate after heating 20 ~ 30min and obtain.

2. a kind of grapevine plants the preparation method of release and release control fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising following step:

(1) super-fine powder after Chinese medicine slag, river sand, cow dung, coal ash, sweet potato waste and rice husk combination drying is broken into the powder about 160 orders, then the biological fermentation microbial inoculum with the dilution of 10 times, water is added, adjustment water content about 40% after mixing, temperature 38 ~ 43 DEG C, ferment 20 ~ 24 days, within every 2 days, stir once;

(2) mixed phosphate potassium, potassium permanganate, ammonium phosphate, nitrocalcite and ammonium sulfate, add 5 ~ 6 times to the water post-heating stirring and dissolving of its gross weight, add Synolac, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, propyl alcohol, linking agent and other following remaining component do not related to afterwards, continue heated and stirred 10 ~ 15min;

(3) medical stone powder is added in the mixing solutions described in (2), heated and stirred 30 ~ 40min, naturally cooling after coagulation, be then ground into 20 order left and right resin particles;

(4) mix the fermentation material of (1) and the resin particle of (3), adjust the rear granulation of water content about 20%.