CN104798737A - Energy-saving and high-yield silkworm breeding method - Google Patents
Energy-saving and high-yield silkworm breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104798737A CN104798737A CN201410751863.2A CN201410751863A CN104798737A CN 104798737 A CN104798737 A CN 104798737A CN 201410751863 A CN201410751863 A CN 201410751863A CN 104798737 A CN104798737 A CN 104798737A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/04—Silkworms
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an energy-saving and high-yield silkworm breeding method which can reduce the breeding time, reduce the folium mori consumption, save the labor and feed cost and improve the silk quality, and aims at solving the problems of long silkworm breeding period and small efficiency in the prior art. The method specifically comprises the steps of treating a silkworm room; selecting and launching folium mori; controlling the environment of the silkworm room; manually intervening. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the labor and feed cost can be saved; the breeding time can be reduced; the silk quality can be improved; the cocoon output, the cocoon layer rate, the silk length, the reelability percentage and the silk output rate can be improved to different degrees.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cultural method technical field, particularly relate to a kind of silkworm cultural method of energy-saving high yield.
Background technology
Silkworm is also known as silkworm, and take mulberry leaf as one of economic insects of cocooing of weaving silk of foodstuff, the developmental temperature of silkworm is 7 ~ 40 DEG C, and raising thermophilic is 20 ~ 30 DEG C, is mainly distributed in temperate zone, subtropics and torrid areas.Silkworm belongs to oligophagy insect, and except eating mulberry leaf, also can eat dead leaf, Siberian elm leaf, duck green onion, dandelion and leaf lettuce etc., mulberry leaf are the optimal natural materials of silkworm.Silkworm is complete metamorphosis, diverse developmental stage in ovum, larva, pupa, adult four forms and on physiological function in all one's life.
Growing of silkworm has direct relation with the environmental condition such as mulberry leaf, temperature, humidity, and under adapt circumstance condition, silkworm can normally grow, and environmental condition is uncomfortable, and silkworm retarded growth is weak and sickly, even dead.Silkworm and environment, refer to silkworm and meteorology, silkworm and these three square relations of plane of feed, silkworm and pathogenic microorganism.Silkworm and environmental factor: environmental factor refers to temperature, humidity, air-flow, the light in sericulture place.
1. temperature, silkworm belongs to poikilotherm.Its body temperature changes with the change of ambient temperature.The temperature range that silkworm normal growth is grown is 20 ~ 30 degrees Celsius, and in suitable temperature range, temperature is higher, grows faster, more than 30 degrees Celsius with lower than less than 20 degrees Celsius, the rate of development of silkworm is slow, is unfavorable for the growth of silkworm, and time of contact, length then affected the health of silkworm;
2. humidity, the humidity in environment, can affect the growth of silkworm, growth, food mulberry amount, digest and assimilate, cast off a skin and silkworm rearing bed health etc.In many wet environments, respiration of silkworm is vigorous, and food mulberry amount is many, and digest and assimilate quickening, the fast length of time of growing is short.But many wet pathogenic microorganisms that makes are bred soon, and silkworm easy infection is fallen ill.Dry environment is conducive to silkworm rearing bed health, but the easy wilting impact food mulberry of mulberry leaf, cause hungry silkworm, silkworm body slight of stature, causes difficulty of casting off a skin.Therefore with the humid air, silkworm rearing bed is as well dry;
3. air and air-flow, silkworm constantly will absorb the oxygen in air, carries out normal vital movement and requires with fresh air.Silkworm can not contact the bad airs such as carbon monoxide, carbonic acid gas (concentration is more than 1%), ammonia, fluoride gas, tobacco, agricultural chemicals, paint, camphor, gasoline, can cause poisoning death of being injured after silkworm contact;
4. light, silkworm has the instinct of trend light source.High light is then had to the characteristic deviating from light source.Newly-hatched silkworm phototaxis is the strongest, and promote with the length of time, photosensitiveness weakens gradually.In of the same age, play silkworm phototaxis the strongest.Cocoonery light, be advisable with natural scattered light, silkworm is evenly distributed on silkworm rearing bed, and food mulberry is even, grows neat.In one day, 16 hours are bright, 8 hours dark, then silkworm growth normal development is neat.
In addition, mulberry leaf are excellent food of silkworm, and silkworm absorbs nourishment from mulberry leaf.In mulberry leaf, main containing moisture and the large constituents of dry matter two.Be made up of protein, carbohydrate, lipid, inorganic salts, vitamin etc. in dry matter.These are all that silkworm grows indispensable nutriment.Silkworm is to the requirement of the food value of leaf, and silkworm absorbs nutrients structure body and the needs for a material that grows, manufactures from mulberry leaf.The quality of Quality of Mulberry Leaves, growing and making yarn quality and have direct relation silkworm.Further, the existence of pathogen breeds silkworms to produce unstable principal element.Cause of disease object is little, lightweight, and waving with the wind falls into the water, or is hidden on underground, angle, room, wall, rearing instrument, sticks on dust.Mulberry pest is the medium infecting flacherie.Clothing, the trick of poultry raiser all may be carried disease germs.Pathogen pollutes silkworm rearing bed, mulberry leaf, intrusion silkworm body by all means, silkworm is fallen ill dead.Pathogenic microorganism invades the approach of silkworm body, and pathogenic microorganism is by polluting mulberry leaf, and nibble the mulberry leaf of lower pollution and infect, flacherie is also fallen ill by wound infection.The less premunition of silkworm age is more weak.
Along with the modernization progress of society, Silk Industry have also been obtained flourish, and increasing silk crop steps into huge numbers of families, along with and come be that the requirement of high-grade fabric to silk is more and more higher, meanwhile, traditional Silkworm Raise cycle is long, inefficient problem is more and more outstanding.Therefore, one can shorten feeding time, reduces mulberry leaf consumption, saves artificial and feed cost, improves the energy-saving high yield silkworm cultural method of silk quality for promoting that silkworm cultivation continuous progress also has significant facilitation simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
For solving Silkworm Raise cycle length, inefficient problem that prior art exists, the present invention aims to provide one can shorten feeding time, reduces mulberry leaf consumption, saves artificial and feed cost, improves the energy-saving high yield silkworm cultural method of silk quality simultaneously.
The present invention adopts following technological means to realize above-mentioned purpose, and a kind of silkworm cultural method of energy-saving high yield, comprises the following steps:
1., cocoonery treatment step
A, build cocoonery: select clean surrounding environment, the fresh free of contamination independently place of air sets up cocoonery, insulation, performance of keeping humidity are good, if special rearing instrument, storeroom of mulberry leaf, silkworm excrement hole is located at the outer leeward of cocoonery;
B, sterilization: with containing available chlorine 1% Eusol or with 2 ~ 3% formalin, 0.5% limewash mixed liquor by surrounding spraying disinfection upper and lower in cocoonery.Sterilization will accomplish that cocoonery six is all sprayed onto, and is shut by door and window after spray, keeps the moisture state of 30 minutes; Carry out cocoonery air Smudging sterilizing with formaldehyde fumigant, temperature maintains 25 °, airtight more than 24 hours of sootiness sterilization;
C, set up mulberry field: liquid manure and the deinsectization management in mulberry field will be strengthened in mulberry field according to the feature of silkworm leaf;
2., mulberry leaf are selected and are thrown in
A, mulberry leaf select and process: mulberry leaf select nontoxic, without insect population, top young sprout proper mature (ripe) leaf, leaf look bright yellow, moisture content is 75 ~ 85%; Mulberry leaf are put with the bamboo basket of breathe freely, keep fluffy, prevent mulberry leaf from generating heat, ferment, and will cover tightly with anti-dry plastic film and build, and maintenance mulberry leaf are fresh;
B, mulberry leaf are thrown in: before input, silkworm rearing bed gently spreads one deck disinfectant powder, the new fresh mulberry leaf of feeding after 10 minutes;
3., cocoonery environmental Kuznets Curves
A, temperature and humid control: 1 age temperature control at 27.5 ~ 28 DEG C, dry wet differs from 0.5 ~ 1 DEG C; 2 age temperature control at 27 ~ 27.5 DEG C, dry wet differs from 1 ~ 1.5 DEG C; 3 age temperature control at 27 DEG C, dry wet differs from 1.5 ~ 2 DEG C; In feeding process, temperature stabilization controls;
B, illumination control: between the full length of time of silkworm, keep illumination every day 15 ~ 16 hours;
4., manual intervention
The applying step of a, juvenile hormone: silkworm raising method is routinely raised and adds to 3 ages the anti-JH eating variable concentrations after silkworm, silkworm induction is become two hibernating worms, solution is mixed with by silkworm number, preparation quantity calculates by every silkworm 1 ~ 2 micrograms dose, be sprayed at administration on mulberry leaf, 3 age first feeding rise and start feeding and spray the mulberry leaf of juvenile hormone;
The application of b, moulting hormone: after having the matured silkworm of 5 ~ 10%, freshen food moulting hormone, and then the proportions moulting hormone solution being watered 2kg according to 35mg be sprayed on mulberry leaf;
C, harvesting of cocoon of putting on an arrow: directly flowers are put on silkworm rearing bed, allow matured silkworm oneself climb on flowers, after matured silkworm is put on an arrow, keep a bunch room uniform light, aeration-drying, prevent silkworm overstocked, after 3 ~ 5 hours, flowers are reversed, and the two palaces silkworm just weaved silk is caught separation immediately.
In addition, fertilizing and weeding will be carried out in mulberry field, and improve mulberry yield and quality, Mulberry pest sprayed by the agricultural chemicals that the longevity of residure can only be used shorter, interval 10 old name for the Arabian countries in the Middle East must can use leaf, in order to avoid cause silkworm poisoning.
Before neck young silkworm, cocoonery will be cleaned thoroughly and sterilize, and specifically comprises: the foreign material such as silkworm faeces, silkworm plaque, small bundle of straw in cleaning cocoonery, only stays brick, cocoonery is cleaned up; Use clean water cocoonery, until without sewage; Use hypochlorous acid to be watered according to the ratio of 1:10 and spray the ground of cocoonery, window, doorway, wall, closing window half a day at once after spray; Get it filled and spray storeroom of mulberry leaf again, lid mulberry film and corridor; Finally open door and window to dry, then fasten.
Silkworm cultural method of the present invention compared with prior art, saves artificial and feed cost, shortens feeding time, improve the quality of silk, and amount of cocoon crop, Cocoon layer ratio, silk length, reelability percentage, silk production rate all have raising in various degree.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described.
The process of cocoonery rearing instrument, first after sterilization, cleaning is sterilized again, last fumigation.
Sterilization: available Eusol containing available chlorine 1% or with 2 ~ 3% formalin, 0.5% limewash mixed liquor by surrounding spraying disinfection upper and lower in cocoonery.Sterilization will accomplish that cocoonery six is all sprayed onto, and is shut by door and window after spray, keeps the moisture state of 30 minutes, and disinfection of tools for silkworm rearing is best to flood sterilization, generally floods 30 minutes as well.According to flacherie kind, carry out specific aim sterilization, accomplish that gradation is sterilized, pasteurised completely uses strong chlorine oil, formaldehyde fumigant, bleaching powder etc., and for improving Disinfection Effect, dipping sterilization is no less than half an hour, spraying disinfection moisturizing half an hour, lime white suspension, bleaching powder clarified solution.
Cleaning: be that cocoonery rearing instrument is cleaned comprehensively, it should be noted during cleaning: 1, spray thimerosal before cleaning; 2, water for cleaning water quality will be got well, forbid on the stagnant water ditch pool, river bank cleaning rearing instrument; 3, the garbage leachates cleaned out etc. will away from cocoonery.
Smoked: to carry out cocoonery rearing instrument and cocoonery air Smudging sterilizing with formaldehyde fumigant, more than sootiness airtight 24 hours of sterilization (24 DEG C).Formaldehyde fumigant will be fully fuming.
Selected mulberry leaf: young silkworm collect ants rear first time to before mulberry, on silkworm rearing bed, gently spread one deck with disinfectant powder, the new fresh mulberry leaf of feeding after 5 ~ 10 minutes.Young silkworm with mulberry want selected mulberry leaf: based on leaf look, leaf position is auxiliary, select nontoxic, pollution-free, without insect population, top young sprout proper mature (ripe) leaf.Silkworm proper mature (ripe) leaf standard, collected ants and adopted a leaf on the maximum leaf of young sprout, leaf look bright yellow with leaf each age, and moisture content, 78 ~ 80%, is stung after feeding silkworm and eaten into poroid for suitable, must guard against and used old, old tender uneven leaf.Anti-dry plastic film will cover tightly to be built, and keeps mulberry leaf fresh.
Suitable temp. and humidity: little silkworm rearing season very easily causes growth uneven under cryogenic, conscientiously must regulate temp. and humidity.1 age temperature control at 28 DEG C, dry wet differs from 0.5 DEG C; 2 age temperature control at 27.5 DEG C, dry wet differs from 1 DEG C; 3 age temperature control at 27 DEG C, dry wet differs from 2 DEG C; In feeding process, temperature stabilization controls.
Even to mulberry: to be both economized on mulberry to the principle of mulberry, silkworm is fully satiated with food again, and young silkworm educates for three times every day, particularly will be satiated with food before dormancy, sees that hibernating worm starts to subtract food later, sleep neat after stop eating.The inactive state can be observed whether neat, to carry out hibernating worm process.Prevent from starving and sleep, affect the physique of young silkworm.
The applying step of juvenile hormone: silkworm raising method is routinely raised the anti-JH adding food variable concentrations after playing silkworm to 3 ages, silkworm induction is become two hibernating worms, solution is mixed with by silkworm number, preparation quantity calculates by every silkworm 1 micrograms dose, be sprayed at administration on mulberry leaf, 3 age body first feeding rise and start feeding and spray the mulberry leaf of juvenile hormone.
The application of moulting hormone: after having the matured silkworm of 8%, freshen food moulting hormone, and then the proportions moulting hormone solution being watered 2kg according to 35mg be sprayed on mulberry leaf.
To put on an arrow harvesting of cocoon: directly flowers are put on silkworm rearing bed, allow matured silkworm oneself climb on flowers, after matured silkworm is put on an arrow, a bunch room uniform light be kept, aeration-drying, prevent silkworm overstocked, after 3 hours, flowers are reversed, and the two palaces silkworm just weaved silk is caught separation immediately.
Claims (3)
1. a silkworm cultural method for energy-saving high yield, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1., cocoonery treatment step
A, build cocoonery: select clean surrounding environment, the fresh free of contamination independently place of air sets up cocoonery, insulation, performance of keeping humidity are good, if special rearing instrument, storeroom of mulberry leaf, silkworm excrement hole is located at the outer leeward of cocoonery;
B, sterilization: with containing available chlorine 1% Eusol or with 2 ~ 3% formalin, 0.5% limewash mixed liquor by surrounding spraying disinfection upper and lower in cocoonery; Sterilization will accomplish that cocoonery six is all sprayed onto, and is shut by door and window after spray, keeps the moisture state of 30 minutes; Carry out cocoonery air Smudging sterilizing with formaldehyde fumigant, temperature maintains 25 °, airtight more than 24 hours of sootiness sterilization;
C, set up mulberry field: liquid manure and the deinsectization management in mulberry field will be strengthened in mulberry field according to the feature of silkworm leaf;
2., mulberry leaf are selected and are thrown in
A, mulberry leaf select and process: mulberry leaf select nontoxic, without insect population, top young sprout proper mature (ripe) leaf, leaf look bright yellow, moisture content is 75 ~ 85%; Mulberry leaf are put with the bamboo basket of breathe freely, keep fluffy, prevent mulberry leaf from generating heat, ferment, and will cover tightly with anti-dry plastic film and build, and maintenance mulberry leaf are fresh;
B, mulberry leaf are thrown in: before input, silkworm rearing bed gently spreads one deck disinfectant powder, the new fresh mulberry leaf of feeding after 10 minutes;
3., cocoonery environmental Kuznets Curves
A, temperature and humid control: 1 age temperature control at 27.5 ~ 28 DEG C, dry wet differs from 0.5 ~ 1 DEG C; 2 age temperature control at 27 ~ 27.5 DEG C, dry wet differs from 1 ~ 1.5 DEG C; 3 age temperature control at 27 DEG C, dry wet differs from 1.5 ~ 2 DEG C; In feeding process, temperature stabilization controls;
B, illumination control: between the full length of time of silkworm, keep illumination every day 15 ~ 16 hours;
4., manual intervention
The applying step of a, juvenile hormone: silkworm raising method is routinely raised and adds to 3 ages the anti-JH eating variable concentrations after silkworm, silkworm induction is become two hibernating worms, solution is mixed with by silkworm number, preparation quantity calculates by every silkworm 1 ~ 2 micrograms dose, be sprayed at administration on mulberry leaf, 3 age first feeding rise and start feeding and spray the mulberry leaf of juvenile hormone;
The application of b, moulting hormone: after having the matured silkworm of 5 ~ 10%, freshen food moulting hormone, and then the proportions moulting hormone solution being watered 2kg according to 35mg be sprayed on mulberry leaf;
C, harvesting of cocoon of putting on an arrow: directly flowers are put on silkworm rearing bed, allow matured silkworm oneself climb on flowers, after matured silkworm is put on an arrow, keep a bunch room uniform light, aeration-drying, prevent silkworm overstocked, after 3 ~ 5 hours, flowers are reversed, and the two palaces silkworm just weaved silk is caught separation immediately.
2. the silkworm cultural method of energy-saving high yield according to claim 1, is characterized in that, fertilizing and weeding will be carried out in mulberry field, improve mulberry yield and quality, Mulberry pest sprayed by the agricultural chemicals that the longevity of residure can only be used shorter, interval 10 old name for the Arabian countries in the Middle East must can use leaf, in order to avoid cause silkworm poisoning.
3. the silkworm cultural method of energy-saving high yield according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described cocoonery treatment step also comprises: the foreign material such as silkworm faeces, silkworm plaque, small bundle of straw in cleaning cocoonery, only stays brick, cocoonery is cleaned up; Use clean water cocoonery, until without sewage; Use hypochlorous acid to be watered according to the ratio of 1:10 and spray the ground of cocoonery, window, doorway, wall, closing window half a day at once after spray; Get it filled and spray storeroom of mulberry leaf again, lid mulberry film and corridor; Finally open door and window to dry, then fasten.
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| CN106729910A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 河池市技术开发中心 | A kind of sterilization method of cooperative rearing of young silkworm room |
| CN107494457A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-12-22 | 合肥市聚丰制丝有限责任公司 | A kind of method for breeding for reducing the silkworm death rate |
| CN107581165A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-16 | 宜州市壮歌茧丝绸有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of silkworm |
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| CN108719215A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-11-02 | 宜州市壮之都丝绸家纺有限公司 | A kind of high-yield cultivation method of silkworm |
| CN109329223A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-02-15 | 中国农业科学院蚕业研究所 | A kind of pathogenetic method of reduction silkworm blood type purulence |
| CN112806327A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-05-18 | 上海水星家用纺织品股份有限公司 | Method for co-breeding young golden silkworm |
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