CN104774512B - 一种高性能环保型导电涂料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高性能环保型导电涂料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104774512B
CN104774512B CN201510162098.5A CN201510162098A CN104774512B CN 104774512 B CN104774512 B CN 104774512B CN 201510162098 A CN201510162098 A CN 201510162098A CN 104774512 B CN104774512 B CN 104774512B
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王金伟
吴欣雨
霍珊珊
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高性能环保型导电涂料的制备方法,属于导电涂料技术领域。该环保型导电涂料以具有优异的附着力和力学性能且绿色环保的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂为基体,以具有高效导电性能的碳粉作为导电填料,溶于溶剂中,所制备的导电涂料具有优异的力学性能和导电性能,所得掺杂石墨和炭黑的高性能环保型导电材料的电导率为41.617×10‑3S/cm;附着力达到0‑1级。且与现有技术相比,该涂料制造成本十分低廉,制备方法简单,添加的助剂少,原料廉价易得,条件温和无污染,适合批量生产。

Description

一种高性能环保型导电涂料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高性能环保型导电涂料的制备方法,属于导电涂料技术领域。
背景技术
高分子材料的电导率一般都很低,因而常被用作绝缘材料。但是,随着科学技术的不断发展与进步,特别是电子产业、信息技术等的飞速发展,具有导电功能的高分子材料引起了人们的广泛兴趣,因其兼具有良好的导电性能、力学性能,且简单易行而被广泛的应用于化工、印刷、电子、电器、航天和航空等众多技术领域。
目前,导电涂料根据导电机理及其组成可分为本征型导电涂料和掺杂型导电涂料。其中掺杂型导电涂料是一类以高分子聚合物为基础加入导电填料,通过分散复合、层积复合等物理化学方式处理后,利用导电填料的导电作用来实现涂层的导电性能。它兼有导电性能、电学性能和力学性能,并且成本较低、简单易行,从而得到广泛的应用。掺杂型导电涂料主要由高分子聚合物、导电填料和溶剂等组成,常用的导电填料有金属系填料、碳系填料、金属氧化物系填料、复合填料、新型纳米导电填料等。目前,市场上主要以金属系填料为主要的导电填料。但是,这些导电涂料,制备得到涂层的力学强度与导电率难以同时提高,且涂层密度大,大大限制其应用范围。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种附着力和导电性都较优异的环保型导电涂料及其制备方法,并且制备工艺简单,环保无污染。
一种高性能环保型导电涂料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的导电涂料以聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂为基体,以碳粉为导电填料,得到高性能导电涂料;该方法将聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂基体溶于有机溶剂中,搅拌下加入导电填料,并混合均匀,即制备得到环保型导电涂料;其中,所述的导电涂料的组成为,聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂基体为10%,导电填料为2%~10%,有机溶剂为80%~88%。
本发明具体步骤为:
(1)将聚乙烯醇缩丁醛粉末缓慢加入有机溶剂中并搅拌,静置,使其充分溶解,配成无色透明溶液Ⅰ;
(2)将不同质量的碳粉加入溶液Ⅰ中并高速搅拌,使其混合均匀,得到粘稠溶液Ⅱ,即为掺杂碳粉的高性能环保型导电涂料;
(3)将导电涂料涂覆在基材表面,室温干燥24小时或50℃下干燥4小时,即可得到掺杂碳粉的导电涂料。
所述碳粉为石墨或导电炭黑,石墨包括普通石墨、纤维石墨、纳米石墨的其中一种或几种的混合;导电炭黑包括导电槽黑、导电炉黑、乙炔炭黑其中一种或几种的混合。
所述碳粉可以为石墨和导电炭黑按任意比例的混合。
所述有机溶剂为无水乙醇、异丙醇或丁醇的一种或两者的混合溶液。
上述聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂为聚乙烯醇和丁醛的缩合物,可溶于醇、酮、酯等类溶剂中。聚乙烯缩丁醛树脂具有良好的造膜性,其形成的涂膜具有高透明性、耐寒性、耐冲击性等优越的特性,而且,聚乙烯缩丁醛树脂具有特殊的化学结构,因此对玻璃、金属、陶瓷、塑胶以及木材等都有优良的附着性。最重要的是,聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂为绿色环保材料,符合当今时代发展的需求。
该方法所制备的导电涂料具有优异的力学性能和导电性能,所得掺杂石墨和炭黑的高性能环保型导电材料的电导率为41.617×10-3S/cm;附着力达到0-1级。且与现有技术相比,该涂料制造成本十分低廉,制备方法简单,添加的助剂少,原料廉价易得,条件温和无污染,适合批量生产。
具体实施方式
为进一步说明本发明,下面结合具体实施的例子对本发明做进一步详细的描述。
实例1:
(1)取1g聚乙烯缩丁醛粉末加入到9g无水乙醇中,在室温下搅拌30min,将溶液静置10h,得到无色透明溶液Ⅰ;
(2)取0.3g石墨加入溶液Ⅰ中,在室温下高速搅拌30min,使其混合均匀,得到导电涂料;
(3)将导电涂料涂覆到铝合金表面,在真空干燥箱中于50℃下干燥4h,即可得到掺杂石墨的高性能环保型导电材料。
经检测,所得掺杂石墨的高性能环保型导电材料的电导率为0.62×10-3S/cm;附着力达到0-1级。
实例2:
(1)取1g聚乙烯缩丁醛粉末加入到9g丁醇中,在室温下搅拌30min,将溶液静置10h,得到无色透明溶液Ⅰ;
(2)取0.6g石墨加入溶液Ⅰ中,在室温下高速搅拌30min,使其混合均匀,得到导电涂料;
(3)将导电涂料涂敷到碳钢表面,室温下放置24h,即可得到掺杂石墨的高性能环保型导电材料。
经检测,所得掺杂石墨的高性能环保型导电材料的电导率为1.27×10-3S/cm;附着力达到1级。
实例3:
(1)取1g聚乙烯缩丁醛粉末加入到9g异丙醇中,在室温下搅拌30min,将溶液静置10h,得到无色透明溶液Ⅰ;
(2)取0.3g炭黑加入溶液Ⅰ中,在室温下高速搅拌30min,使其混合均匀,得到导电涂料;
(3)将导电涂料涂覆到铝合金表面,在真空干燥箱中于50℃下干燥4h,即可得到掺杂炭黑的高性能环保型导电材料。
经检测,所得掺杂炭黑的高性能环保型导电材料的电导率为0.57×10-3S/cm;附着力达到1级。
实例4:
(1)取1g聚乙烯缩丁醛粉末加入到9g无水乙醇中,在室温下搅拌30min,将溶液静置10h,得到无色透明溶液Ⅰ;
(2)取0.6g炭黑加入溶液Ⅰ中,在室温下高速搅拌30min,使其混合均匀,得到导电涂料;
(3)将导电涂料涂敷到碳钢表面,室温下放置24h,即可得到掺杂炭黑的高性能环保型导电材料。
经检测,所得掺杂炭黑的高性能环保型导电材料的电导率为9.27×10-3S/cm;附着力达到1级。
实例5
(1)取1g聚乙烯缩丁醛粉末加入到9g无水乙醇中,在室温下搅拌30min,将溶液静置10h,得到无色透明溶液Ⅰ;
(2)取0.32g石墨和0.08g炭黑加入溶液Ⅰ中,在室温下高速搅拌30min,使其混合均匀,得到导电涂料;
(3)将导电涂料涂敷到碳钢表面,在真空干燥箱中于50℃下干燥4h,即可得到掺杂石墨和炭黑的高性能环保型导电材料。
经检测,所得掺杂石墨和炭黑的高性能环保型导电材料的电导率为4.011×10-3S/cm;附着力达到0-1级。
实例6
(1)取1g聚乙烯缩丁醛粉末加入到10g无水乙醇和丁醇混合溶液中,在室温下搅拌30min,将溶液静置10h,得到无色透明溶液Ⅰ;
(2)取0.72g石墨和0.18g炭黑加入溶液Ⅰ中,在室温下高速搅拌30min,使其混合均匀,得到导电涂料;
(3)将导电涂料涂覆到铝合金表面,在真空干燥箱中于50℃下干燥4h,即可得到掺杂石墨和炭黑的高性能环保型导电材料。
经检测,所得掺杂石墨和炭黑的高性能环保型导电材料的电导率为41.617×10- 3S/cm;附着力达到0-1级。
实例7
(1)取1g聚乙烯缩丁醛粉末加入到10g丁醇中,在室温下搅拌30min,将溶液静置10h,得到无色透明溶液Ⅰ;
(2)取0.8g石墨和0.2g炭黑加入溶液Ⅰ中,在室温下高速搅拌30min,使其混合均匀,得到导电涂料;
(3)将导电涂料涂敷到碳钢表面,室温下放置24h,即可得到掺杂石墨和炭黑的高性能环保型导电材料。
经检测,所得掺杂石墨和炭黑的高性能环保型导电材料的电导率为34.754×10- 3S/cm;附着力达到1级。

Claims (2)

1.一种高性能环保型导电涂料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的导电涂料以聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂为基体,以碳粉为导电填料,得到高性能导电涂料;该方法将聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂基体溶于有机溶剂中,搅拌下加入导电填料,并混合均匀,即制备得到环保型导电涂料;其中,所述的导电涂料的组份及质量百分比为,聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂基体为10%,导电填料为2%~10%,有机溶剂为80%~88%;
其中,具体步骤为:
(1)将聚乙烯醇缩丁醛粉末缓慢加入有机溶剂中并搅拌,静置,使其充分溶解,配成无色透明溶液Ⅰ;
(2)将碳粉加入溶液Ⅰ中并高速搅拌,使其混合均匀,得到粘稠溶液Ⅱ,即为掺杂碳粉的高性能环保型导电涂料;
(3)将导电涂料涂覆在基材表面,室温干燥24小时或50℃下干燥4小时,即可得到掺杂碳粉的导电涂料;
其中,所述碳粉为石墨或导电炭黑,石墨包括普通石墨、纤维石墨、纳米石墨的其中一种或几种的混合;导电炭黑包括导电槽黑、导电炉黑、乙炔炭黑其中一种或几种的混合;
其中,所述有机溶剂为无水乙醇、异丙醇或丁醇的一种或两者的混合溶液。
2.如权利要求1所述的高性能环保型导电涂料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述碳粉为石墨和导电炭黑按任意比例的混合。
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